Maria Fonte

Neste trabalho utiliza‑se o marco teórico de Seyfang (2009) para a avaliação da sustentabilidade do movimento dos GAS na Itália e em Roma. Esse marco teórico considera essenciais cinco dimensões do consumo sustentável: localização, sustentabilidade ambiental (redução da pegada ecológica), construção da comunidade, ação coletiva e construção de novas infraestruturas de abastecimento.

The desire to accelerate economic growth and to optimize the allocation of factors of production has led some of the world's largest agro-export nations to strongly support the liberalization of the international agro-food trade. However, protection and regulation are still prevalent in a great number of countries where agriculture accomplishes functions other than the production of commodities for internal consumption or export. The latter concern self-sufficiency, food security, occupational roles, management of the environment and support for industrial development. The aim of this paper is, taking national input-output tables as the starting point, to propose a methooology for the analysis of the relations between international trade and the internal structures of agro-food systems. The hypothesis is that indiscriminate liberalization, especially if "export-oriented", leads to the homogenization of techniques, the specialization of agriculture and filiéres, and, fi...

Concentration of production in an evermore limited territory and urbanization have shaped the evolution of "industrial techniques" for agriculture in this century. Consequences of these processes are the segmentation of rural space, the disappearance of indigenous cultures and techniques, and the depopulation of vast areas. Dynamics of rural spaces are discconnected from agricultural development, because space is no longer the physical place where polyvalent forms of production and social organization are composed. Instead, food is produced in the economic space for optimal allocation of resources. The diffusion of industrial techniques in agriculture, while successfully increasing production and yields, nonetheless is limited in its ability to manage excess farmland and to guarantee an efficient reproduction of natural productivity and renewable natural resources. Economic and social crisis, as well as growing urbanization, have allowed new social demands for rural space ...

(PAC). Concretamente, la PAC se planteaba como objetivo aumentar la produccion agraria con el fin de reducir la dependencia comercial ante paises terceros de los Seis paises que formaban la CEE. A partir de los anos 70, la UE, al igual que todos los pa�ses ricos, alcanza el objetivo de la autosuficiencia alimentaria, si bien al coste de provocar una pesada externalidad negativa sobre el medio ambiente y sobre la calidad de los alimentos. El derecho a la seguridad alimentaria adquiere otro contenido, incorporando en ese concepto el derecho de los ciudadanos a una alimentacion sana, asi como a la informacion sobre lo que se consume y a la libre decision de elegir la dieta que se desee. El derecho a una alimentacion sana es el derecho colectivo de los ciudadanos a liberarse de los efectos negativos sobre la salud, un derecho este garantizado por las instituciones europeas, ya no solo a traves de la PAC, sino a traves de la creacion de una agencia independiente (la Agencia Europea de la Seguridad Alimentaria, AESA) y de la implicacion de los operadores privados de la filiere agroalimentaria en las actividades de control y regulacion. La libertad del ciudadano a elegir su propia dieta es el derecho del consumidor individualizado, que esta en condiciones de elegir cualquier cosa de las que le ofrece el mercado. Cambios profundos se han producido en el sistema alimentario, en la politica agraria y en el sistema de regulacion europeo. La PAC se ha transformado y ha perdido importancia como garantia del derecho de los consumidores a la seguridad alimentaria, en favor de instancias reguladoras autonomas a nivel europeo (como la mencionada Agencia Europea de la Seguridad Alimentaria, AESA), a nivel internacional (como el Codex) o incluso al nivel de los agentes privados (las empresas, a traves de diversas formas de certificacion de la calidad de los productos).

European Union (EU) policies have been evolving beyond the protection of consumers through food safety protocols to the promotion of healthy and sustainable diets. The European Commission’s Farm to Fork Strategy—the most recent step in this evolution—addresses challenges facing European agriculture and proposes measures for creating a more resilient as well as sustainable food system, which includes a plan for product labelling. The effort to improve information conveyed to consumers through product labelling is a long-standing and ongoing phenomenon, and different front-of-pack voluntary labels presently co-exist across EU Member States. One objective of the Farm to Fork Strategy is to harmonize them; a second objective, no less important, is to add ‘sustainability’ as an additional quality to be certified through labels. Yet, adopting some of the current models of voluntary front-of-pack labels—in order to better promote both dietary health and sustainability—might conflict with a...

< i> L'analisi economica delle biotecnologie applicate all'agricoltura</i>(di Maria Fonte, Cristina Salvioni, Elisabetta D'Ercole)-ABSTRACT: L'articolo si propone come rassegna dei temi trattati in un convegno che si è tenuto presso l'Università di Roma Tor Vergata, nei ...

This Special Issue seeks to contribute to the debate around less resource-intensive sustainable diets demonstrating just how critical a social science perspective is in problematising and enriching the terms of that debate. There is general consensus that the global dietary transition towards westernized diets with high intakes of meat, refined fats, sugar and salt are unhealthy for people and the planet.  Healthier and more sustainable diets are widely recognised as necessary to mitigate climate change, reduce the pressure on natural resources including aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and lower the global burden of disease. This editorial introduction presents eight articles selected from papers presented at the Conference ‘Sustainable Food Systems Sustainable Diets’ held in October 2019 at The American University of Rome. Representing a diverse range of social science perspectives, the articles demonstrate the complexity in developing a shared understanding of what constitutes...

This paper wants to shed light on some aspects of the food system which are particularly relevant for the understanding of the consequences of the globalization process. This task is carried out in reference to both the intensification of accumulation in the sphere of preparation and consumption of food in developed countries, and the destruction of local diets and of local social systems in less developed countries. It is argued that these consequences are better understood from the point of view of the social and symbolic relevance of food consumption. This approach advocates the integration at the analytic level of the different segments of the food system: production, distribution, preparation and consumption. The analysis of the social and symbolic significance of food consumption (how we eat and why we eat what we eat) may also create the premises for a revision of the "food security" concept articulated in national and international food aid policies.   Resumen Aspe...

European Perspectives on Rural Development European Perspectives on Rural Development is a series launched by the Circle for Rural European Studies (CERES). The heterogeneity and specificity of Europe's rural settings and the need for well-elaborated rural develop-ment ...

... Autori/Curatori: Maria Fonte. Anno di pubblicazione: 1999 Fascicolo: 76 Lingua: IT Numero pagine: 0 Dimensione file: 0 KB. FrancoAngeli è membro della Publishers International Linking Association associazione indipendente e no profit per facilitare l'accesso degli studiosi ai ...

A v o n t a d e d e ce r tas po tênc ias ag roexpo r tado ras mund ia i s d e l ibera l izar o comér c i o i n te rnac iona l a g r o a l i m e n t a r pa ra ace le ra r o c r e s c i m e n t o e c o n ô m i c o e p a r a o t im izar a u t i l i zação d o s fa to res p rodu t i vos o p õ e s e à s po l í t i cas p ro tec ion is tas e regu lac ion is tas v i g e n t e s e m i n ú m e r o s d e s s e s pa íses , o n d e a agr icu l tu ra t e m q u e c um pr i r ou t ras f u n ç õ e s a l é m d e p roduz i r b e n s d e c o n s u m o o u de expo r tação : au to -su f i c iênc ia o u s e g u r a n ç a a l imen ta r , equ i l íb r io d o n íve l d e e m p r e g o , ges tão do e s p a ç o , d e s e n v o l v i m e n t o indust r ia l . A p r i o r i dade c o n c e d i d a a u m c resc imen to p a r a fo ra , " p u x a d o " pe las e x p o r t a ç õ e s , o p õ e s e , p o r c o n s e g u i n t e , à c o n c e d i d a ao recen t ramen to e m to rno de ou t ros con t in g e n c i a m e n t o s o u p r o b l e m á t i c a s nac iona is . Essas o p ç õ e s d i v e r g e m p r o f u n d a m e n t e e m s e u s e fe i tos d e i m p u l s o e e m s e u s impac tos s o b r e a s es t ru tu ras p rodu t i vas in te rnas . E las c o n s t i t u e m o s pr inc ipa is f u n d a m e n t o s das d i ve rgênc ias q u e s e e x p r i m e m nas n e g o c i a ç õ e s i n te rnac iona is s o b r e o c o m é r c i o agroa l imenta r . A v a n ç a m o s aqu i a h ipó tese de q u e a ên fase c o l o c a d a na a g r o e x p o r t a ç ã o cr is ta l iza o c r e s c i m e n t o ag r í co la e m to rno das cade ias d e p r o d u ç ã o in teg radas ver t i ca lmente ,^ e s p e c i a l i z a d a s , p o r é m f r a g m e n t a d a s , e n q u a n t o po l í t icas sob re tudo rura is , a o invés de e x c l u s i v a m e n t e agr íco las , f a v o r e c e m a i r rad iação e a cons t i tu ição d e c o m p l e x o s a g r o a l i m e n t a r e s d ive rs i f i cados . O ob je t ivo des te ar t igo é , p r ime i ramente , d e s t a c a r — a part ir d a aná l ise das tabe las i nsumo-p rodu to — a s re lações ex is tentes entre o s in tercâmbios ( f luxos) e a o rgan ização d o s s i s t e m a s produt ivos (estruturas) . Poster iormente, anal isar — c o m b a s e nos d a d o s d a s tabe las i nsumo-p rodu to — o impac to das opções das polí t icas e c o n ô m i c a s ch i lenas e, par t i cu la rmente , a impor tânc ia atr ibuída ao comérc io ex terno sob re a es t ru tura d o c o m p l e x o agroa l imen ta r nac iona l . Ten ta remos mostrar , p r inc ipa lmente , q u e a p a s s a g e m d a s pol í t icas d e "subst i tu ição das impor tações" , i m p l e m e n t a d a s até 1973, à s polí t icas

La dicotomia urbano-rural, segun el cual el sistema urbano se asocia a la industrializacion y se contrapone a una especializacion agricola del campo, no resulta adecuada para el analisis de la ruralidad en la region del Mediterraneo, caracterizada por una estrecha relacion entre la ciudad y el campo. En el trabajo se distinguen dos configuraciones particulares de ruralidad en la region mediterranea de Italia: el distrito rural, conceptualizado como una economia de calidad en la campana urbanizada, y la ruralidad de los sistemas economicos de tipo domestico, orientados a la reproduccion simple. Los dos sistemas son analizados en sus semejanzas y diferencias reciprocas y en relacion con las nuevas politicas de desarrollo rural de la Union Europea.

This book is neither simple nor easy to read. It is an attempt to systematize and update the work on alternative/local food networks that has engaged the authors for many years and that has produced many articles, published mainly in Sociologia Ruralis and the Journal of Rural Studies. It is a complex read, because it puts together different contexts (USA and the ‘UK and Western Europe’) and it draws from many different social theoretical traditions. But it is worth the effort, since it engages the reader in a vast and deep, reflexive analysis of alternative food networks (AFNs). The authors’ interest focuses on the big question that has animated the debate on alternative food movements during the past two decades: are AFNs a failed project, due to the influence of neo-liberalism, or are they an expression of prefigurative politics, alternative, not because they are oppositional, but because they are an expression of food production and consumption practices that are incompatible with the dominant organization of the food system (‘resistance of the third kind’, in the words of Van der Ploeg, 2007)? The authors take a critical perspective and try ‘to strike a balance... between critique and constructive analysis of the problems facing those working to change the place of food in our lives, practices, politics’ (p. 249). A critical perspective means rejecting the interpretation of AFNs as failed projects, but also the ‘normative portrayals of the local as places with conflict-free, communitarian values of reciprocity and fairness’ (p. 8). They propose the concept of ‘reflexive localism’, as the foundation of a democratic local food politics. The first part of the book – which is divided into four parts – is the theoretical foundation of a ‘reflexive localism’ the other three parts are an application of the concept to alternative food movements in the ‘UK and Western Europe’1 (Part 2), in the USA (Part 3) and to the ‘cultural material politics of fair trade’ (Part 4). My comments concentrate mainly on two points: first, the complexity of the theoretical construction; second, the application of the concept of reflexive localism to AFNs and to fair trade networks.