Rita Salvi

Considering the cognitive nature of knowledge and its dynamic dialogic features, this contribution explores three lines of inquiry: the analysis of models built to visually represent the process of knowledge dissemination, the relationship between knowledge dissemination and discourse, and lastly the interrelation between knowledge dissemination and ethical issues. The models analyzed have been built within disciplines other than linguistics, but evidence is provided that they can be also applied to language analysis and its communicative purposes. Indeed, most of the models include ‘language’ as the interface between knowledge dissemination and disciplinary contents. On the other hand, linguists are interested in language analysis as a tool to transmit knowledge through appropriate strategies. The need for this cooperative principle and interaction in knowledge exchange, together with the enlargement of communities of practice and discourse, is shown in this contribution. Ethics pl...

... Apart from the word lovely (APPRECIATION), there is no evalua-tive language in this phrase, but it conjures up feelings of satisfaction and happiness, subcategories of AFFECT. ... However,JO also uses JUDGEMENT to create a similar person-alized effect. ...

... A cette fin, trois programmes clés-Comenius, Leonardo da Vinci, Grundtvig-ont pour but, respectivement,• de développer la coopération et la mobilité entre les établissements scolaires européens de la maternelle au lycée;• de renforcer l'enseignement des langues dans l ...

In this paper, 10 mutations conditioning the appearance of defective, miniature or collapsed endosperm, but with normal sporophyte development, were considered. Homozygous mutant kernels have reduced grain weight, kernel size, density and, in some of these, higher than normal seed protein content. The mutant loci were integrated into a high-resolution genetic map in order to associate them to specific genes. We have placed 1167 AFLP markers on a consensus map using IBM2 as a backbone and reaching an average of 1 marker every 1.9 cM. We have identified AFLP markers linked to all individual mutant alleles. BSA was adopted to screen the largest possible number of primer combinations on homozygous F3 mutant and wild type plants. The ten mutant loci are linked to the closest AFLP or SSR markers with distances ranging from 0 to 17.9 cM. The genes we have defined by the existence of mendelian mutants can now be considered good candidates for testing the association to QT loci.

Salicylate and quinine have been shown to reliably induce short-term tinnitus when administered at high doses. The present study compared salicylate and quinine-induced tinnitus in rats using the gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS). Twenty-four rats were divided into 2 groups; the first group (n = 12) was injected with salicylate (300 mg kg d), whereas the second (n = 12) was treated with quinine orally at a dose of 200 mg kg d. Animals were treated daily for 4 consecutive days. All rats were tested for tinnitus and hearing loss before and 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the first drug administration. Tinnitus was assessed using GPIAS; hearing function was measured with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and auditory brainstem response. Salicylate treatment induced transient tinnitus with a pitch near 16 kHz starting 2 hours posttreatment, persisting over the 4-day treatment period and disappearing 24 hours later. Animals in the quinine group showed GPIAS changes at a higher pitch (20 kHz); however, changes were more variable among animals, and the mean data were not statistically significant. Hearing function varied across treatments. In the salicylate group, high-level DPOAEs were slightly affected; most changes occurred 2 hours posttreatment. Low-level DPOAEs were affected at all frequencies with a progressive dose-dependent effect. In the quinine group, only high-level DPOAEs were affected, mainly at 16 kHz. The present study highlights the similarities and differences in the frequency and the time course of tinnitus and hypoacusis induced by salicylate and quinine. Transient tinnitus was reliably induced pharmacologically with salicylate, whereas hearing loss remained subclinical with only minor changes in DPOAEs.