This is a doctrinal and comparative research between the traditional law and the Syariah with reg... more This is a doctrinal and comparative research between the traditional law and the Syariah with regard to discharge of policies and surrender. The aim is to find similarities and dissimilarities between life insurance and family takaful vis-a-vis the issues. The issues are: Discharge of life policies/family takaful and this will cover discharge by Performance; Payment by Mistake; discharge by agreement, discharge by breach and cancellation. Moreover, the researcher explore surrender under life insurance and family takaful, which will deliberate on the concept and procedure for surrender. It has been found that both the traditional law and the Syariah agree that a contract of life insurance and family takaful may be discharged by performance, by agreement, by breach, payment by mistake and cancellation. With regard to surrender, it has been found that both the Financial Services Act 2013 and the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 allow it. It has been submitted that surrender is not a...
Servant Leadership is believed to have been a new theory coined and inserted into the field of le... more Servant Leadership is believed to have been a new theory coined and inserted into the field of leadership and management by an American Scholar, Robert Greenleaf in early 1970s. Since then, it has been one of the important types of leadership that attract the interest of the Scholars or Researchers. Therefore, the paper intends to portray an icon and epitome of such leadership style from Islamic perspective, Umar ibn Khattab (r.a), the second Caliph in Islam. It presents the historical background of the icon. It also discusses the definition and origin of the theory. The paper also enumerates evidences of emulation of the icon from authentic literature. Likewise, it portrays the servant leadership characteristics as it can be seen in Umars personality (r.a). In an attempt to dig into the root of the theory, the paper looks into the Chinese, Christianity and Western perspectives of the style. The study contains no numerical or statistical value in achieving its aims and objectives...
European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
This paper investigates mechanisms of settlement of disputes at the Islamic Financial Institution... more This paper investigates mechanisms of settlement of disputes at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) as it is natural to have disagreements between different parties involved in Islamic banking and finance business. The paper adopts a qualitative methodology where the data are taken from journals, books, websites etc. In analyzing the data obtained from the sources, content analysis was used. It is found that dispute settlement at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) can be both through litigation as well as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Currently, parties to Islamic banking and finance dispute prefer to settle their dispute amicably through arbitration. Moreover, many arbitration centers on dispute resolution for parties in Islamic banking and finance have been established. However, there are certain challenges in arbitration that need to be overcome for the arbitration to be more effective. The researchers put forward certain recommendations on how to improve arb...
This research seeks to utilise Waqf, which is a famous way of giving alms (Sadaqah) in order to s... more This research seeks to utilise Waqf, which is a famous way of giving alms (Sadaqah) in order to serve Maqasid Shariah (purposes of Shariah). This research aims to explain the method of preserving the overall Maqasid Shariah of Waqf and to guide the founders of Waqf to the best ways to get the best, highest, and most lasting reward as well as to describe new areas of Waqf that should be prioritized over others. The main research problem is on how to employ Waqf to serve Maqasid Shariah in contemporary areas, and this includes Waqf on artificial intelligence. The researchers adopt an analytical and inductive approach to extrapolate the goals and purposes of Waqf and to apply them to the latest contemporary Waqf, which is Waqf on artificial intelligence. Then the researchers searched for a way to employ Waqf on artificial intelligence to serve the overall Maqasid Shariah. The researchers have reached to certain results, and the most important amongst them are: There are priority to the hierarchy of Maqasid Shariah and we can start with the most important ones, and that there are important smart applications which through them we can preserve religion, life, mind, offspring and money that must be taken into account in Waqf, and the return of Waqf on artificial intelligence applications may be much greater than Waqf in some other areas.
This work is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Shariah governance is an integral part of the Islamic Finan... more This work is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Shariah governance is an integral part of the Islamic Financial Institutions to ensure that all operations and activities always conform to the Shariah principles. The duty of ensuring the Shariah governance is entrusted on the Shariah committee of the IFIs. The aim of this study is to explore some probable challenges that the Shariah committee may encounter while discharging their duty. The study adopts doctrinal approach which utilizes descriptive approach of qualitative research methodology which relies on secondary data in form of textbooks, journals, newspapers, related websites etc. The study found that there are certain challenges the Shariah committee may likely face while performing their duty i.e., ignoring Shariah committees' (SC) recommendations by the management; lack of Independence of Shariah Committee (SC); variations in fatwa of different Shariah committees (SC); and multiple appointments of Shariah committee member. The researcher then recommended probable solutions to the said challenges.
This paper investigates mechanisms of settlement of disputes at the Islamic Financial Institution... more This paper investigates mechanisms of settlement of disputes at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) as it is natural to have disagreements between different parties involved in Islamic banking and finance business. The paper adopts a qualitative methodology where the data are taken from journals, books, websites etc. In analyzing the data obtained from the sources, content analysis was used. It is found that dispute settlement at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) can be both through litigation as well as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Currently, parties to Islamic banking and finance dispute prefer to settle their dispute amicably through arbitration. Moreover, many arbitration centers on dispute resolution for parties in Islamic banking and finance have been established. However, there are certain challenges in arbitration that need to be overcome for the arbitration to be more effective. The researchers put forward certain recommendations on how to improve arbitration to be more effective in settling dispute between parties in Islamic banking and finance.
The separation of powers is the division of the government of a state into different branches, ea... more The separation of powers is the division of the government of a state into different branches, each with its own independent powers. The purpose of a system of separation of powers is to prevent the concentration of power by providing checks and balances. This paper aims to investigate this concept from the Shariah point of view. To achieve this, the research adopts a qualitative research methodology. It is found that the principle of the separation of powers in Islamic Shariah was not clearly present at the time of the Prophet (S.A.W), as he held all three powers. After the Prophet's (S.A.W) death, the principle became clearer in the era of the caliphate, especially in the era of Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab, who separated the judicial authority from the other state powers. However, the books of Islamic history are full of examples showing that the judges throughout the territory of the Islamic caliphate worked without interference from the rulers, even the rulers themselves were appointed by the judges and appeared before the courts. From such examples, the idea of the separation of powers has been derived.
The rule of law is a political ideal that all citizens and institutions in a country, state or co... more The rule of law is a political ideal that all citizens and institutions in a country, state or community are subject to the same laws, including legislators and political leaders. It is sometimes simply referred to as "no one is above the law". This paper aims to investigate this concept from the Shariah point of view. In doing so, the research adopts a qualitative research methodology. The research finds that the phrase 'rule of law' is not found in the Qur'ān and may not have been used by the Messenger (S.A.W.), but many aspects of the rule of law have been identified in verses of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Messenger (S.A.W.); the rule of law means that nothing is above the Shari'ah as the ultimate reference point. It removes the basis of absolute rule of man, which has often been the cause of corrupt practices and unbridled exercise of power. In other words, the concept represents rule of law; All people are equal before the law as demonstrated by the Prophet Muhammad when he said, "By Allah, if Fatima had stolen ,I would cut off her hand"(Fatima was Prophet Muhammad's-(S.A.W) daughter); a fundamental characteristic of the rule of law in Islam is that it begins with the individual, i.e. when the individual judges himself according to the law revealed by Allah (S.W.T); the introduction of the rule of law in Islamic societies stemmed from the fact that the laws of Allah (S.W.T) are supreme and not the laws made by a person or group of people, regardless of their position. This was true even for the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), as can be seen from the instances in which the Quran corrects Him for committing an error of action or judgement.
Higher education is the most influential stage of learning and human development in all education... more Higher education is the most influential stage of learning and human development in all educational systems of civilised society. In Islam, higher education is associated with overwhelming benefits far beyond any other educational system as it is a training ground that produces inclusive religious teachers and scholars who continuously undertake the spiritual services of Islamic teaching, preaching and propagation. Islamic university is an organised environment intentionally created for moulding and preparing the potential Muslim youth for positive reforms in the educational and social aspects of life in order to contribute to the moral standards and spiritual development in Muslim societies. The emergence of an Islamic university can be traced back from the beginnings of the oldest university of Alkarouine in Morocco (859 AD) and al-Azhar University in Egypt (975 AD). The curriculum of these Islamic universities primarily includes religious education because the most important characteristic of the Islamic university is Islamization and moral reform based on Islam. In Nigeria, Muslim individuals and organisations began establishing private universities in 2005, when three private Islamic universities were granted operating licences. The paper investigates certain challenges facing Islamic universities in Nigeria. The paper is library-based research that uses a qualitative research method. The data used are secondary and include books, journals, websites, etc. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the sources. It was found that there are various challenges facing Islamic universities in Nigeria, such as private nature of the universities, lack of a model for an Islamized higher education system, staff challenge, challenge of financing etc. Some recommendations were made on how to overcome these or some of the challenges.
The aim of this study is to highlight the role of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia as a foundation in redu... more The aim of this study is to highlight the role of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia as a foundation in reducing poverty among low-income individuals and families in Malaysia by providing microcredit to finance activities that can increase their income. The foundation seeks to be a high-level and dynamic institution that pays attention to the eradication of poverty while improving the per capita income. This study highlights the role of microfinance in reducing dependence on government loans linked to the living of the Malaysian, which are debts that must be recovered in full to achieve independence in earning through small, interest-free Islamic loans. The study explained the services provided by the institution in providing financial facilities and continuous training for entrepreneurs, especially the active women and poor families so that they are supported by Islamic microfinance in order to earn profit and expected a rapid return on investment. The study adopts deductive and analytical as well as the descriptive approach in order to reach the desired aim of the paper. The main finding of the study is the need for diversification of sources of loans for microenterprises for the poor through the establishment of the financial institution supporting the Islamic microfinance program.
Husbands are very influential in making decisions for maternal healthcare, and the quality and ty... more Husbands are very influential in making decisions for maternal healthcare, and the quality and type of decision depend on the level of understanding of maternity. This study explores how husbands' knowledge about key signs of pregnancy and childbirth translates into wives' involvement in decision-making and the type of decisions made towards care-seeking. These qualitative data were generated from individual interviews involving thirty husbands whose spouses were receiving maternity care in the Yendi Municipality of the Northern Region of Ghana. Purposive and quota sampling were used to reach the participants. Irrespective of husbands' knowledge about maternity, cultural beliefs and traditional gender role expectations had a far-reaching effects on wives' involvement in decisionmaking and the type of decisions made towards care-seeking. Though most husbands with adequate knowledge about maternity were more liberal by involving their wives and respecting their views in the decision-making process, others tended to be more conservative by considering decision-making as men's space. Most decisions were individualistic and male-centred. Healthcare promotion programmes should be directed towards changing the mindset of men about cultural beliefs and gender roles in relation to maternity care. There should be provision of education on pregnancy and childbirth and the associated benefits and dangers to equip men on how to recognise pregnancy-related complications to enable them to reach informed decisions for care-seeking.
The field of leadership consists of three main parts-leader, follower(s) and situation. Numerous ... more The field of leadership consists of three main parts-leader, follower(s) and situation. Numerous researches had been conducted on the leader in different capacities. The qualities or characteristics, virtues, styles, and types of the leader or leadership had been dealt with extensively. However, little if there are any tangible researches are known about the followers. Therefore this paper aims at looking into the follower as a locus of leadership from Islamic perspective. A leader cannot be emerged without followers and situation. The researchers engaged the qualitative research methodology in conducting this work. In other words, content analysis is directed to the secondary data collected through the library. The finding shows that a good leader should first be a good follower. It also reveals that obedience, honesty and integrity, efficiency, courage, knowledge and wisdom, unity and so on are among core characteristics or qualities of the followers.
Shortage of human capital has been identified as one of the main impediments to the development o... more Shortage of human capital has been identified as one of the main impediments to the development of the Islamic financial industry. It is believed that the infusion of critical thinking would boost the students' level of professional field-related knowledge and provide them with the necessary confidence, the key to professional performance measurement. This study incorporates critical thinking into the curriculum of BWSS2013 "Philosophy of Islamic Finance and Banking". The class syllabus was divided into two sections, the first section comprising of traditional lecturing methods without critical thinking followed by a quiz and pilot data collection, and the second section including critical thinking added to the customary lecturing model followed by a quiz and final data collected. A semPLS was run on SmartPLS. The results showed that a lack of critical thinking in Islamic finance curricula might eventually result in a shortage of skilled professionals in the Islamic financial industry. The findings showed a great correlation between knowledge acquisition and critical thinking. The students' own perceptions also indicated that the infusion of critical thinking contributed to their increased confidence (self-assurance) in the subject matter learned in this course.
The doctrine of good faith is a vital issue amongst the contractual issues of this period .It is ... more The doctrine of good faith is a vital issue amongst the contractual issues of this period .It is considered a main goal of every recognized law of contract system to be promoting good faith as well as fair dealing in forming and performance of contracts. Basically, it has been a common argument in supporting the notion of good faith that it helps in addressing bad faith manner in a clear and direct conduct, allow the law to safeguard the realistic anticipations of women and men as well as encourage a philosophy of contractual collaboration that would lead to economic efficiency. This study looks into the concept of good faith from both the conventional law and Islamic law (Shariah) to find to what extent both laws comply with each other. The study is doctrinal which utilizes descriptive approach of qualitative research methodology which relies on secondary data in form of text books, journals, newspapers, related websites etc. The study found that both the conventional law and Islamic law support the principle of good faith. Shariah recognized the principle of good faith as it asks the parties in a contract to abide by the requirement in various stages of the contract, especially sale contract. Thus, the concept of good faith should have the same application in both Islamic and conventional jurisdictions.
Servant Leadership is believed to have been a new theory coined and inserted into the field of le... more Servant Leadership is believed to have been a new theory coined and inserted into the field of leadership and management by an American Scholar, Robert Greenleaf in early 1970s. Since then, it has been one of the important types of leadership that attract the interest of the Scholars or Researchers. Therefore, the paper intends to portray an icon and epitome of such leadership style from Islamic perspective, 'Umar ibn Khattab (r.a), the second Caliph in Islam. It presents the historical background of the icon. It also discusses the definition and origin of the theory. The paper also enumerates evidences of emulation of the icon from authentic literature. Likewise, it portrays the servant leadership characteristics as it can be seen in 'Umar's personality (r.a). In an attempt to dig into the root of the theory, the paper looks into the Chinese, Christianity and Western perspectives of the style. The study contains no numerical or statistical value in achieving its aims and objectives, that is to say, purely qualitative research methodology is employed. The study re-emphasizes that the theory is one of the theories or styles which have been enshrined in Islam since 14 century ago. It also depicts that 'Umar ibn Khattab (r.a) was an important figure to be emulated in actualizing the theory. It is anticipated that sustainability of a good governance and management in any given community or organization will be achieved by putting the characteristics into practice. Furthermore, it is expected that many contemporary leadership dilemmas will be overcome, if the contemporary leaders follow the Caliph's step.
This is a doctrinal and comparative research between the traditional law and the Syariah with reg... more This is a doctrinal and comparative research between the traditional law and the Syariah with regard to discharge of policies and surrender. The aim is to find similarities and dissimilarities between life insurance and family takaful vis-a-vis the issues. The issues are: Discharge of life policies/family takaful and this will cover discharge by Performance; Payment by Mistake; discharge by agreement, discharge by breach and cancellation. Moreover, the researcher explore surrender under life insurance and family takaful, which will deliberate on the concept and procedure for surrender. It has been found that both the traditional law and the Syariah agree that a contract of life insurance and family takaful may be discharged by performance, by agreement, by breach, payment by mistake and cancellation. With regard to surrender, it has been found that both the Financial Services Act 2013 and the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 allow it. It has been submitted that surrender is not a...
Servant Leadership is believed to have been a new theory coined and inserted into the field of le... more Servant Leadership is believed to have been a new theory coined and inserted into the field of leadership and management by an American Scholar, Robert Greenleaf in early 1970s. Since then, it has been one of the important types of leadership that attract the interest of the Scholars or Researchers. Therefore, the paper intends to portray an icon and epitome of such leadership style from Islamic perspective, Umar ibn Khattab (r.a), the second Caliph in Islam. It presents the historical background of the icon. It also discusses the definition and origin of the theory. The paper also enumerates evidences of emulation of the icon from authentic literature. Likewise, it portrays the servant leadership characteristics as it can be seen in Umars personality (r.a). In an attempt to dig into the root of the theory, the paper looks into the Chinese, Christianity and Western perspectives of the style. The study contains no numerical or statistical value in achieving its aims and objectives...
European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
This paper investigates mechanisms of settlement of disputes at the Islamic Financial Institution... more This paper investigates mechanisms of settlement of disputes at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) as it is natural to have disagreements between different parties involved in Islamic banking and finance business. The paper adopts a qualitative methodology where the data are taken from journals, books, websites etc. In analyzing the data obtained from the sources, content analysis was used. It is found that dispute settlement at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) can be both through litigation as well as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Currently, parties to Islamic banking and finance dispute prefer to settle their dispute amicably through arbitration. Moreover, many arbitration centers on dispute resolution for parties in Islamic banking and finance have been established. However, there are certain challenges in arbitration that need to be overcome for the arbitration to be more effective. The researchers put forward certain recommendations on how to improve arb...
This research seeks to utilise Waqf, which is a famous way of giving alms (Sadaqah) in order to s... more This research seeks to utilise Waqf, which is a famous way of giving alms (Sadaqah) in order to serve Maqasid Shariah (purposes of Shariah). This research aims to explain the method of preserving the overall Maqasid Shariah of Waqf and to guide the founders of Waqf to the best ways to get the best, highest, and most lasting reward as well as to describe new areas of Waqf that should be prioritized over others. The main research problem is on how to employ Waqf to serve Maqasid Shariah in contemporary areas, and this includes Waqf on artificial intelligence. The researchers adopt an analytical and inductive approach to extrapolate the goals and purposes of Waqf and to apply them to the latest contemporary Waqf, which is Waqf on artificial intelligence. Then the researchers searched for a way to employ Waqf on artificial intelligence to serve the overall Maqasid Shariah. The researchers have reached to certain results, and the most important amongst them are: There are priority to the hierarchy of Maqasid Shariah and we can start with the most important ones, and that there are important smart applications which through them we can preserve religion, life, mind, offspring and money that must be taken into account in Waqf, and the return of Waqf on artificial intelligence applications may be much greater than Waqf in some other areas.
This work is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Shariah governance is an integral part of the Islamic Finan... more This work is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Shariah governance is an integral part of the Islamic Financial Institutions to ensure that all operations and activities always conform to the Shariah principles. The duty of ensuring the Shariah governance is entrusted on the Shariah committee of the IFIs. The aim of this study is to explore some probable challenges that the Shariah committee may encounter while discharging their duty. The study adopts doctrinal approach which utilizes descriptive approach of qualitative research methodology which relies on secondary data in form of textbooks, journals, newspapers, related websites etc. The study found that there are certain challenges the Shariah committee may likely face while performing their duty i.e., ignoring Shariah committees' (SC) recommendations by the management; lack of Independence of Shariah Committee (SC); variations in fatwa of different Shariah committees (SC); and multiple appointments of Shariah committee member. The researcher then recommended probable solutions to the said challenges.
This paper investigates mechanisms of settlement of disputes at the Islamic Financial Institution... more This paper investigates mechanisms of settlement of disputes at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) as it is natural to have disagreements between different parties involved in Islamic banking and finance business. The paper adopts a qualitative methodology where the data are taken from journals, books, websites etc. In analyzing the data obtained from the sources, content analysis was used. It is found that dispute settlement at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) can be both through litigation as well as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Currently, parties to Islamic banking and finance dispute prefer to settle their dispute amicably through arbitration. Moreover, many arbitration centers on dispute resolution for parties in Islamic banking and finance have been established. However, there are certain challenges in arbitration that need to be overcome for the arbitration to be more effective. The researchers put forward certain recommendations on how to improve arbitration to be more effective in settling dispute between parties in Islamic banking and finance.
The separation of powers is the division of the government of a state into different branches, ea... more The separation of powers is the division of the government of a state into different branches, each with its own independent powers. The purpose of a system of separation of powers is to prevent the concentration of power by providing checks and balances. This paper aims to investigate this concept from the Shariah point of view. To achieve this, the research adopts a qualitative research methodology. It is found that the principle of the separation of powers in Islamic Shariah was not clearly present at the time of the Prophet (S.A.W), as he held all three powers. After the Prophet's (S.A.W) death, the principle became clearer in the era of the caliphate, especially in the era of Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab, who separated the judicial authority from the other state powers. However, the books of Islamic history are full of examples showing that the judges throughout the territory of the Islamic caliphate worked without interference from the rulers, even the rulers themselves were appointed by the judges and appeared before the courts. From such examples, the idea of the separation of powers has been derived.
The rule of law is a political ideal that all citizens and institutions in a country, state or co... more The rule of law is a political ideal that all citizens and institutions in a country, state or community are subject to the same laws, including legislators and political leaders. It is sometimes simply referred to as "no one is above the law". This paper aims to investigate this concept from the Shariah point of view. In doing so, the research adopts a qualitative research methodology. The research finds that the phrase 'rule of law' is not found in the Qur'ān and may not have been used by the Messenger (S.A.W.), but many aspects of the rule of law have been identified in verses of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Messenger (S.A.W.); the rule of law means that nothing is above the Shari'ah as the ultimate reference point. It removes the basis of absolute rule of man, which has often been the cause of corrupt practices and unbridled exercise of power. In other words, the concept represents rule of law; All people are equal before the law as demonstrated by the Prophet Muhammad when he said, "By Allah, if Fatima had stolen ,I would cut off her hand"(Fatima was Prophet Muhammad's-(S.A.W) daughter); a fundamental characteristic of the rule of law in Islam is that it begins with the individual, i.e. when the individual judges himself according to the law revealed by Allah (S.W.T); the introduction of the rule of law in Islamic societies stemmed from the fact that the laws of Allah (S.W.T) are supreme and not the laws made by a person or group of people, regardless of their position. This was true even for the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), as can be seen from the instances in which the Quran corrects Him for committing an error of action or judgement.
Higher education is the most influential stage of learning and human development in all education... more Higher education is the most influential stage of learning and human development in all educational systems of civilised society. In Islam, higher education is associated with overwhelming benefits far beyond any other educational system as it is a training ground that produces inclusive religious teachers and scholars who continuously undertake the spiritual services of Islamic teaching, preaching and propagation. Islamic university is an organised environment intentionally created for moulding and preparing the potential Muslim youth for positive reforms in the educational and social aspects of life in order to contribute to the moral standards and spiritual development in Muslim societies. The emergence of an Islamic university can be traced back from the beginnings of the oldest university of Alkarouine in Morocco (859 AD) and al-Azhar University in Egypt (975 AD). The curriculum of these Islamic universities primarily includes religious education because the most important characteristic of the Islamic university is Islamization and moral reform based on Islam. In Nigeria, Muslim individuals and organisations began establishing private universities in 2005, when three private Islamic universities were granted operating licences. The paper investigates certain challenges facing Islamic universities in Nigeria. The paper is library-based research that uses a qualitative research method. The data used are secondary and include books, journals, websites, etc. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the sources. It was found that there are various challenges facing Islamic universities in Nigeria, such as private nature of the universities, lack of a model for an Islamized higher education system, staff challenge, challenge of financing etc. Some recommendations were made on how to overcome these or some of the challenges.
The aim of this study is to highlight the role of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia as a foundation in redu... more The aim of this study is to highlight the role of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia as a foundation in reducing poverty among low-income individuals and families in Malaysia by providing microcredit to finance activities that can increase their income. The foundation seeks to be a high-level and dynamic institution that pays attention to the eradication of poverty while improving the per capita income. This study highlights the role of microfinance in reducing dependence on government loans linked to the living of the Malaysian, which are debts that must be recovered in full to achieve independence in earning through small, interest-free Islamic loans. The study explained the services provided by the institution in providing financial facilities and continuous training for entrepreneurs, especially the active women and poor families so that they are supported by Islamic microfinance in order to earn profit and expected a rapid return on investment. The study adopts deductive and analytical as well as the descriptive approach in order to reach the desired aim of the paper. The main finding of the study is the need for diversification of sources of loans for microenterprises for the poor through the establishment of the financial institution supporting the Islamic microfinance program.
Husbands are very influential in making decisions for maternal healthcare, and the quality and ty... more Husbands are very influential in making decisions for maternal healthcare, and the quality and type of decision depend on the level of understanding of maternity. This study explores how husbands' knowledge about key signs of pregnancy and childbirth translates into wives' involvement in decision-making and the type of decisions made towards care-seeking. These qualitative data were generated from individual interviews involving thirty husbands whose spouses were receiving maternity care in the Yendi Municipality of the Northern Region of Ghana. Purposive and quota sampling were used to reach the participants. Irrespective of husbands' knowledge about maternity, cultural beliefs and traditional gender role expectations had a far-reaching effects on wives' involvement in decisionmaking and the type of decisions made towards care-seeking. Though most husbands with adequate knowledge about maternity were more liberal by involving their wives and respecting their views in the decision-making process, others tended to be more conservative by considering decision-making as men's space. Most decisions were individualistic and male-centred. Healthcare promotion programmes should be directed towards changing the mindset of men about cultural beliefs and gender roles in relation to maternity care. There should be provision of education on pregnancy and childbirth and the associated benefits and dangers to equip men on how to recognise pregnancy-related complications to enable them to reach informed decisions for care-seeking.
The field of leadership consists of three main parts-leader, follower(s) and situation. Numerous ... more The field of leadership consists of three main parts-leader, follower(s) and situation. Numerous researches had been conducted on the leader in different capacities. The qualities or characteristics, virtues, styles, and types of the leader or leadership had been dealt with extensively. However, little if there are any tangible researches are known about the followers. Therefore this paper aims at looking into the follower as a locus of leadership from Islamic perspective. A leader cannot be emerged without followers and situation. The researchers engaged the qualitative research methodology in conducting this work. In other words, content analysis is directed to the secondary data collected through the library. The finding shows that a good leader should first be a good follower. It also reveals that obedience, honesty and integrity, efficiency, courage, knowledge and wisdom, unity and so on are among core characteristics or qualities of the followers.
Shortage of human capital has been identified as one of the main impediments to the development o... more Shortage of human capital has been identified as one of the main impediments to the development of the Islamic financial industry. It is believed that the infusion of critical thinking would boost the students' level of professional field-related knowledge and provide them with the necessary confidence, the key to professional performance measurement. This study incorporates critical thinking into the curriculum of BWSS2013 "Philosophy of Islamic Finance and Banking". The class syllabus was divided into two sections, the first section comprising of traditional lecturing methods without critical thinking followed by a quiz and pilot data collection, and the second section including critical thinking added to the customary lecturing model followed by a quiz and final data collected. A semPLS was run on SmartPLS. The results showed that a lack of critical thinking in Islamic finance curricula might eventually result in a shortage of skilled professionals in the Islamic financial industry. The findings showed a great correlation between knowledge acquisition and critical thinking. The students' own perceptions also indicated that the infusion of critical thinking contributed to their increased confidence (self-assurance) in the subject matter learned in this course.
The doctrine of good faith is a vital issue amongst the contractual issues of this period .It is ... more The doctrine of good faith is a vital issue amongst the contractual issues of this period .It is considered a main goal of every recognized law of contract system to be promoting good faith as well as fair dealing in forming and performance of contracts. Basically, it has been a common argument in supporting the notion of good faith that it helps in addressing bad faith manner in a clear and direct conduct, allow the law to safeguard the realistic anticipations of women and men as well as encourage a philosophy of contractual collaboration that would lead to economic efficiency. This study looks into the concept of good faith from both the conventional law and Islamic law (Shariah) to find to what extent both laws comply with each other. The study is doctrinal which utilizes descriptive approach of qualitative research methodology which relies on secondary data in form of text books, journals, newspapers, related websites etc. The study found that both the conventional law and Islamic law support the principle of good faith. Shariah recognized the principle of good faith as it asks the parties in a contract to abide by the requirement in various stages of the contract, especially sale contract. Thus, the concept of good faith should have the same application in both Islamic and conventional jurisdictions.
Servant Leadership is believed to have been a new theory coined and inserted into the field of le... more Servant Leadership is believed to have been a new theory coined and inserted into the field of leadership and management by an American Scholar, Robert Greenleaf in early 1970s. Since then, it has been one of the important types of leadership that attract the interest of the Scholars or Researchers. Therefore, the paper intends to portray an icon and epitome of such leadership style from Islamic perspective, 'Umar ibn Khattab (r.a), the second Caliph in Islam. It presents the historical background of the icon. It also discusses the definition and origin of the theory. The paper also enumerates evidences of emulation of the icon from authentic literature. Likewise, it portrays the servant leadership characteristics as it can be seen in 'Umar's personality (r.a). In an attempt to dig into the root of the theory, the paper looks into the Chinese, Christianity and Western perspectives of the style. The study contains no numerical or statistical value in achieving its aims and objectives, that is to say, purely qualitative research methodology is employed. The study re-emphasizes that the theory is one of the theories or styles which have been enshrined in Islam since 14 century ago. It also depicts that 'Umar ibn Khattab (r.a) was an important figure to be emulated in actualizing the theory. It is anticipated that sustainability of a good governance and management in any given community or organization will be achieved by putting the characteristics into practice. Furthermore, it is expected that many contemporary leadership dilemmas will be overcome, if the contemporary leaders follow the Caliph's step.
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