Our aim is to present the creating process to model the plural burials with field documentation, ... more Our aim is to present the creating process to model the plural burials with field documentation, from architecture to skeletal remains and the results achieved. The tridimensional restitution is applied on two plural burials from the Saints Peter and Marcellinus catacomb at Rome (Italy) and containing at least 80 individuals each. The use of 3D models provides a discussion about the chronological patterns and taphonomic process with precision and characterise deposits. Due to these 3D models, we have realised a lot of observation impossible with a classical study which are the thickness of deposits, the position and location of each individual. 3D models allows us to simulate the deposit not like a 3D skeleton but like a corpse. A lot of arguments have permitted to determine that the burial was not a multiple burial or a collective burial but a burial with successive deposits and simultaneity deposits. The 3D models created can be envisaged as a complete tool, from the acquisition data to the dissemination of results. Indeed, the elaboration of the models is marked by a set of discussions, tests and hypothesis thus enabling to lead to a new form of visualisation and representation and new possibilities of interpretation.
Changes in Informatics Tools over the last 20 years have allowed the development of a new approac... more Changes in Informatics Tools over the last 20 years have allowed the development of a new approach to the analysis and interpretation of mass graves. This work was initiated by the discovery in 2003 of part of the Saint Peter and Saint Marcellinus catacombs in Rome, unexplored and unique in their organisation. There are several graves (dated to the 1st-3rd c. A.D.) containing many individuals, most of whom appear to have been inhumed with different funerary practices. To study these mass graves, an original method was developed which incorporates the use of three-dimensional modelling. The first part of the project dealt with the design of a 3D acquisition protocol adapted to the burial context. Modelling was based on field documents, especially the drawings and 3D photogrammetric records. The photogrammetric records were used to reconstitute the funerary space. 3D models were obtained for the funerary space, all skeletal remains, bodies, and deposits of plaster, material and amber resin. The stature and body volume of each individual were estimated, based on measurements and regressive equations. The second part focused on the chronological patterns of each individual deposit. Based on these models an analysis of the relationship between skeletal remains and taphonomic events within the deposits was undertaken. The possibility to visualise from all angles the skeletons/body volumes has eased the discussion on funerary practices and operation of the burial. The results confirm the simultaneity of some deposits and the existence of phases, probably related to several mortality crises.
L’utilisation des outils 3D dans les Sciences Humaines et notamment en archéoanthropologie tend à... more L’utilisation des outils 3D dans les Sciences Humaines et notamment en archéoanthropologie tend à se généraliser. Nous nous proposons ici de présenter les résultats obtenus lors de l’étude de deux sépultures plurielles entièrement restituées tridimensionnellement. Ces résultats sont issus d’un travail de thèse achevé en 2012. La problématique à l’origine de ce travail a été la compréhension du fonctionnement de deux tombes exhaustivement fouillées et contenant environ 80 individus chacune, issues du secteur central de la catacombe des Saints Pierre-et-Marcellin (Rome, Italie). Ces deux tombes ont été restituées à l’aide la photogrammétrie pour l’espace funéraire et par la modélisation tridimensionnelle pour l’ensemble des vestiges contenus (squelettes, appareil funéraire ou encore strates de sédiment) et ce, à partir de la seule documentation recueillie lors de la fouille. La compréhension de ces deux sépultures a été grandement facilitée par l’utilisation de représentations tridimensionnelles qu’il s’agisse dans un premier temps d’infirmer ou de confirmer les présupposés archéologiques. La réflexion menée autour de ces modèles 3D se situe autant à l’échelle de la tombe, en nous renseignant sur la chronologie des dépôts, sur les espaces de circulations ou encore à l’échelle de l’individu en permettant une étude précise de la position de chaque sujet ainsi que de l’appareil funéraire dont il a pu bénéficier. Nous souhaitons ainsi à travers cette communication exposer la méthodologie mise en place pour la restitution de ces sépultures, mais également présenter l’éventail des résultats obtenus et les réflexions qui les ont jalonnées.
Our aim is to present the creating process to model the plural burials with field documentation, ... more Our aim is to present the creating process to model the plural burials with field documentation, from architecture to skeletal remains and the results achieved. The tridimensional restitution is applied on two plural burials from the Saints Peter and Marcellinus catacomb at Rome (Italy) and containing at least 80 individuals each. The use of 3D models provides a discussion about the chronological patterns and taphonomic process with precision and characterise deposits. Due to these 3D models, we have realised a lot of observation impossible with a classical study which are the thickness of deposits, the position and location of each individual. 3D models allows us to simulate the deposit not like a 3D skeleton but like a corpse. A lot of arguments have permitted to determine that the burial was not a multiple burial or a collective burial but a burial with successive deposits and simultaneity deposits. The 3D models created can be envisaged as a complete tool, from the acquisition data to the dissemination of results. Indeed, the elaboration of the models is marked by a set of discussions, tests and hypothesis thus enabling to lead to a new form of visualisation and representation and new possibilities of interpretation.
Changes in Informatics Tools over the last 20 years have allowed the development of a new approac... more Changes in Informatics Tools over the last 20 years have allowed the development of a new approach to the analysis and interpretation of mass graves. This work was initiated by the discovery in 2003 of part of the Saint Peter and Saint Marcellinus catacombs in Rome, unexplored and unique in their organisation. There are several graves (dated to the 1st-3rd c. A.D.) containing many individuals, most of whom appear to have been inhumed with different funerary practices. To study these mass graves, an original method was developed which incorporates the use of three-dimensional modelling. The first part of the project dealt with the design of a 3D acquisition protocol adapted to the burial context. Modelling was based on field documents, especially the drawings and 3D photogrammetric records. The photogrammetric records were used to reconstitute the funerary space. 3D models were obtained for the funerary space, all skeletal remains, bodies, and deposits of plaster, material and amber resin. The stature and body volume of each individual were estimated, based on measurements and regressive equations. The second part focused on the chronological patterns of each individual deposit. Based on these models an analysis of the relationship between skeletal remains and taphonomic events within the deposits was undertaken. The possibility to visualise from all angles the skeletons/body volumes has eased the discussion on funerary practices and operation of the burial. The results confirm the simultaneity of some deposits and the existence of phases, probably related to several mortality crises.
L’utilisation des outils 3D dans les Sciences Humaines et notamment en archéoanthropologie tend à... more L’utilisation des outils 3D dans les Sciences Humaines et notamment en archéoanthropologie tend à se généraliser. Nous nous proposons ici de présenter les résultats obtenus lors de l’étude de deux sépultures plurielles entièrement restituées tridimensionnellement. Ces résultats sont issus d’un travail de thèse achevé en 2012. La problématique à l’origine de ce travail a été la compréhension du fonctionnement de deux tombes exhaustivement fouillées et contenant environ 80 individus chacune, issues du secteur central de la catacombe des Saints Pierre-et-Marcellin (Rome, Italie). Ces deux tombes ont été restituées à l’aide la photogrammétrie pour l’espace funéraire et par la modélisation tridimensionnelle pour l’ensemble des vestiges contenus (squelettes, appareil funéraire ou encore strates de sédiment) et ce, à partir de la seule documentation recueillie lors de la fouille. La compréhension de ces deux sépultures a été grandement facilitée par l’utilisation de représentations tridimensionnelles qu’il s’agisse dans un premier temps d’infirmer ou de confirmer les présupposés archéologiques. La réflexion menée autour de ces modèles 3D se situe autant à l’échelle de la tombe, en nous renseignant sur la chronologie des dépôts, sur les espaces de circulations ou encore à l’échelle de l’individu en permettant une étude précise de la position de chaque sujet ainsi que de l’appareil funéraire dont il a pu bénéficier. Nous souhaitons ainsi à travers cette communication exposer la méthodologie mise en place pour la restitution de ces sépultures, mais également présenter l’éventail des résultats obtenus et les réflexions qui les ont jalonnées.
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