Software testing plays an important role in building quality software and improving maintainabili... more Software testing plays an important role in building quality software and improving maintainability. However, there are no research studies to analyze its impact on energy efficiency. In this paper, we conduct a preliminary study on the impact of unit tests and code coverage on the energy consumption of software. Our empirical study analyzes the energy consumption of multiple JSON libraries and the relation of their energy efficiency to test metrics. Although our study has limitations in the size of the data set, we found that there are hints for a positive correlation between line coverage and energy consumption.
BACKGROUND In our society, children are particularly vulnerable to physical inactivity and excess... more BACKGROUND In our society, children are particularly vulnerable to physical inactivity and excessive sedentary time (ST). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based intervention designed to promote physical activity (PA) and reduce ST in 6- to 10-years-old children from a disadvantaged neighborhood. METHODS The first intervention of this randomized trial was carried out in School 1 in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, School 2 benefited from the same intervention in 2018/2019. Baseline assessments were realized using accelerometers prior to the intervention (T1-T2), after the first intervention (T3) and after the second intervention (T4). School-based actions targeted children, parents, teachers, physical, and organizational environment of school and politics. The chi-square test of independence was used to analyze the evolution of the moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and ST. RESULTS For School 1, an increase in the percentage of very active children (over 40 minutes MVPA/day) and of having a very low ST (less 240 minutes/day) (p = .00) was found. No further evolution was revealed during the intervention (T2-T3) and 1 year after (T3-T4). For School 2, similar effects on PA and ST were found at T3 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Positive effects occurred before the intervention in each school and then remained stable.
Des campagnes de peche experimentales sont mises en place depuis la saison 1996-1997. Elles perme... more Des campagnes de peche experimentales sont mises en place depuis la saison 1996-1997. Elles permettent d'etudier, a partir des variations de densite en surface et en profondeur, le comportement de la civelle dans un objectif de quantification des flux en migration et d'evaluation du taux d'exploitation. Les resultats montrent que la migration des civelles est fortement dependante des conditions hydroclimatiques. La migration verticale, dans la colonne d'eau, est influencee par la luminosite nocturne et la turbidite de l'eau. La progression des civelles entrant dans l'estuaire est fonction de l'intensite du debit fluvial et du coefficient de maree. En parallele, les caracteristiques biometriques des civelles echantillonnees (taille, poids et stade pigmentaire) ont ete etudiees. Des conditions hydrologiques defavorables a la migration induisent des variations ponderales supplementaires qui se surimposent a la diminution globale de la taille et du poids. Pour preciser les tendances observees et pour mieux caracteriser ce que represente un flux de civelles, des etudes concernant les parametres physiologiques seront entreprises.
Ce travail est motive par l'analyse de donnees relatives a un historique de captures professi... more Ce travail est motive par l'analyse de donnees relatives a un historique de captures professionnelles de civelles d'anguille dans l'estuaire de l'Adour. Nous abordons des problemes d'estimation d'abondance moyenne sur chaque saison de peche a partir de series de captures journalieres de 1984 a 1993. Les techniques utilisees supposent que les donnees verifient un modele additif resultant de la somme d'un effet moyen fonctionnel deterministe et regulier et d'une erreur aleatoire. L'algorithme de resolution permettant d'aboutir a une estimation d'abondance suit 2 etapes : un lissage preliminaire des observations suivi d'une ACP fonctionnelle. Deux criteres d'estimation sont utilises. Le premier est un critere moindre-carre fonctionnel. Le second est une generalisation du critere d'homogeneite classique qui permet de considerer le cas ou la variance de l'erreur varie dans le temps. Nous abordons egalement une analyse de liaisons de la variabilite des captures de civelles en fonction de variables environnementales. Le critere propose se fonde sur un critere d'homogeneite generalise a plusieurs ensembles de courbes. Il permet de travailler avec plusieurs groupes de courbes. Nous distinguons ainsi une influence de la temperature de l'air sur les captures professionnelles. Des campagnes d'echantillonnage in situ ont permis de completer cette base de donnees. Les resultats obtenus par ACPVI revelent que la turbidite influe sur le comportement de migration verticale des civelles dans la colonne d'eau et la vitesse du courant sur la localisation des fortes densites le long de l'estuaire. Nous etudions les proprietes des estimateurs splines en presence d'un processus d'erreur stationnaire. Ceci permet entre autre de proposer des estimations de processus stochastiques pour lesquels l'erreur de mesure se propage. Nous proposons egalement une technique d'estimation de courbes observees sur une discretisation identique d'une courbe a l'autre qui est basee sur un operateur d'evaluation. Cette methode se generalise aisement au cas d'une discretisation non-identique et nous discutons de sa mise en œuvre.
Smoothing splines are considered for estimating an unknown regular function when the errors in th... more Smoothing splines are considered for estimating an unknown regular function when the errors in the observations are dependent This dependence is modelled here by assuming that the errors form a linear stationary process defined over some sequence of martingale differences. Some statistical properties of the smoothing spline estimator under consideration are studied and mainly its asymptotic normality is established
28 pagesA methodology to estimate glass eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) abundance on a daily basis con... more 28 pagesA methodology to estimate glass eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) abundance on a daily basis containing sparse data is proposed. Our analyses are based on scientific in situ campaigns data coming from a sampling protocol which leads to spatio-temporal blanks in the fish distribution along the estuary and the time period that must be taken into account in fish abundance estimate calculated using the sparse data. Estimates at each catch locations are calculated and then extended to the whole section of the river from a Bayesian extrapolation approach which leads to a spatially explicit method. The method proposed a resulting estimator assessing a non-linear model of current speed (a crucial element for the behaviour of this passive fish) and the sampling design jointly being able to estimate the abundance of glass eel migrating during a given day in the presence of sparse data. Confidence intervals are also proposed calculated using the sensitivity of the biomass estimates to the sta...
Pour evaluer le stock d'oursin P. lividus a l'echelle de la cote basque, un echantillonna... more Pour evaluer le stock d'oursin P. lividus a l'echelle de la cote basque, un echantillonnage spatial sur l'ensemble de la zone exploitee a ete realise. Pour etudier la periode de reproduction, un echantillonnage sur une annee entiere a ete effectue. Ces travaux se sont deroules en 2013 et 2014. La reproduction se produit une seule fois au cours d'un cycle annuel du printemps a l’ete, entre mai et aout en 2014. Parmi les facteurs qui declenchent la ponte, la salinite, la temperature et l'hydrodynamisme temoignent d'une importante variabilite inter-annuelle sur la cote basque. Ainsi, la periode definie en 2014, pourra fluctuer selon les annees. Concernant le stock, les resultats font etat de 11,85 (+/-0,32) millions d'individus exploitables pour une biomasse de 724 (+/- 137) tonnes, repartis sur l'ensemble de la zone prospectee. La densite et la biomasse diminuent rapidement avec la profondeur, la majorite des individus se localisent entre 0 et 5 m. Une ...
This paper investigates whether morphological variability of test and Aristotle’s lantern can be ... more This paper investigates whether morphological variability of test and Aristotle’s lantern can be detected in sea urchins exposed to domestic pollution and whether this variability can be also related to tidal level and hydrodynamic features. The study was conducted on four sites along the French Basque coast. Each site is characterized by its geological layers’ orientation, regardless of its proximity to sewage outlets. Analyses on high-resolution pictures of jaws were performed and three parameters were retained: length, height and demipyramid dry mass. Five shape descriptors were consequently defined regarding the test and the jaws. Individuals with heavy test density associated with highly developed demipyramid regarding test diameter and height were preferentially observed in intertidal areas, remoteness from treatment plants and in south-oriented geological layers. High test hemispherical indice and demipyramid elongation indice were preferentially found far away from treatment...
Software testing plays an important role in building quality software and improving maintainabili... more Software testing plays an important role in building quality software and improving maintainability. However, there are no research studies to analyze its impact on energy efficiency. In this paper, we conduct a preliminary study on the impact of unit tests and code coverage on the energy consumption of software. Our empirical study analyzes the energy consumption of multiple JSON libraries and the relation of their energy efficiency to test metrics. Although our study has limitations in the size of the data set, we found that there are hints for a positive correlation between line coverage and energy consumption.
BACKGROUND In our society, children are particularly vulnerable to physical inactivity and excess... more BACKGROUND In our society, children are particularly vulnerable to physical inactivity and excessive sedentary time (ST). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based intervention designed to promote physical activity (PA) and reduce ST in 6- to 10-years-old children from a disadvantaged neighborhood. METHODS The first intervention of this randomized trial was carried out in School 1 in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, School 2 benefited from the same intervention in 2018/2019. Baseline assessments were realized using accelerometers prior to the intervention (T1-T2), after the first intervention (T3) and after the second intervention (T4). School-based actions targeted children, parents, teachers, physical, and organizational environment of school and politics. The chi-square test of independence was used to analyze the evolution of the moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and ST. RESULTS For School 1, an increase in the percentage of very active children (over 40 minutes MVPA/day) and of having a very low ST (less 240 minutes/day) (p = .00) was found. No further evolution was revealed during the intervention (T2-T3) and 1 year after (T3-T4). For School 2, similar effects on PA and ST were found at T3 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Positive effects occurred before the intervention in each school and then remained stable.
Des campagnes de peche experimentales sont mises en place depuis la saison 1996-1997. Elles perme... more Des campagnes de peche experimentales sont mises en place depuis la saison 1996-1997. Elles permettent d'etudier, a partir des variations de densite en surface et en profondeur, le comportement de la civelle dans un objectif de quantification des flux en migration et d'evaluation du taux d'exploitation. Les resultats montrent que la migration des civelles est fortement dependante des conditions hydroclimatiques. La migration verticale, dans la colonne d'eau, est influencee par la luminosite nocturne et la turbidite de l'eau. La progression des civelles entrant dans l'estuaire est fonction de l'intensite du debit fluvial et du coefficient de maree. En parallele, les caracteristiques biometriques des civelles echantillonnees (taille, poids et stade pigmentaire) ont ete etudiees. Des conditions hydrologiques defavorables a la migration induisent des variations ponderales supplementaires qui se surimposent a la diminution globale de la taille et du poids. Pour preciser les tendances observees et pour mieux caracteriser ce que represente un flux de civelles, des etudes concernant les parametres physiologiques seront entreprises.
Ce travail est motive par l'analyse de donnees relatives a un historique de captures professi... more Ce travail est motive par l'analyse de donnees relatives a un historique de captures professionnelles de civelles d'anguille dans l'estuaire de l'Adour. Nous abordons des problemes d'estimation d'abondance moyenne sur chaque saison de peche a partir de series de captures journalieres de 1984 a 1993. Les techniques utilisees supposent que les donnees verifient un modele additif resultant de la somme d'un effet moyen fonctionnel deterministe et regulier et d'une erreur aleatoire. L'algorithme de resolution permettant d'aboutir a une estimation d'abondance suit 2 etapes : un lissage preliminaire des observations suivi d'une ACP fonctionnelle. Deux criteres d'estimation sont utilises. Le premier est un critere moindre-carre fonctionnel. Le second est une generalisation du critere d'homogeneite classique qui permet de considerer le cas ou la variance de l'erreur varie dans le temps. Nous abordons egalement une analyse de liaisons de la variabilite des captures de civelles en fonction de variables environnementales. Le critere propose se fonde sur un critere d'homogeneite generalise a plusieurs ensembles de courbes. Il permet de travailler avec plusieurs groupes de courbes. Nous distinguons ainsi une influence de la temperature de l'air sur les captures professionnelles. Des campagnes d'echantillonnage in situ ont permis de completer cette base de donnees. Les resultats obtenus par ACPVI revelent que la turbidite influe sur le comportement de migration verticale des civelles dans la colonne d'eau et la vitesse du courant sur la localisation des fortes densites le long de l'estuaire. Nous etudions les proprietes des estimateurs splines en presence d'un processus d'erreur stationnaire. Ceci permet entre autre de proposer des estimations de processus stochastiques pour lesquels l'erreur de mesure se propage. Nous proposons egalement une technique d'estimation de courbes observees sur une discretisation identique d'une courbe a l'autre qui est basee sur un operateur d'evaluation. Cette methode se generalise aisement au cas d'une discretisation non-identique et nous discutons de sa mise en œuvre.
Smoothing splines are considered for estimating an unknown regular function when the errors in th... more Smoothing splines are considered for estimating an unknown regular function when the errors in the observations are dependent This dependence is modelled here by assuming that the errors form a linear stationary process defined over some sequence of martingale differences. Some statistical properties of the smoothing spline estimator under consideration are studied and mainly its asymptotic normality is established
28 pagesA methodology to estimate glass eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) abundance on a daily basis con... more 28 pagesA methodology to estimate glass eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) abundance on a daily basis containing sparse data is proposed. Our analyses are based on scientific in situ campaigns data coming from a sampling protocol which leads to spatio-temporal blanks in the fish distribution along the estuary and the time period that must be taken into account in fish abundance estimate calculated using the sparse data. Estimates at each catch locations are calculated and then extended to the whole section of the river from a Bayesian extrapolation approach which leads to a spatially explicit method. The method proposed a resulting estimator assessing a non-linear model of current speed (a crucial element for the behaviour of this passive fish) and the sampling design jointly being able to estimate the abundance of glass eel migrating during a given day in the presence of sparse data. Confidence intervals are also proposed calculated using the sensitivity of the biomass estimates to the sta...
Pour evaluer le stock d'oursin P. lividus a l'echelle de la cote basque, un echantillonna... more Pour evaluer le stock d'oursin P. lividus a l'echelle de la cote basque, un echantillonnage spatial sur l'ensemble de la zone exploitee a ete realise. Pour etudier la periode de reproduction, un echantillonnage sur une annee entiere a ete effectue. Ces travaux se sont deroules en 2013 et 2014. La reproduction se produit une seule fois au cours d'un cycle annuel du printemps a l’ete, entre mai et aout en 2014. Parmi les facteurs qui declenchent la ponte, la salinite, la temperature et l'hydrodynamisme temoignent d'une importante variabilite inter-annuelle sur la cote basque. Ainsi, la periode definie en 2014, pourra fluctuer selon les annees. Concernant le stock, les resultats font etat de 11,85 (+/-0,32) millions d'individus exploitables pour une biomasse de 724 (+/- 137) tonnes, repartis sur l'ensemble de la zone prospectee. La densite et la biomasse diminuent rapidement avec la profondeur, la majorite des individus se localisent entre 0 et 5 m. Une ...
This paper investigates whether morphological variability of test and Aristotle’s lantern can be ... more This paper investigates whether morphological variability of test and Aristotle’s lantern can be detected in sea urchins exposed to domestic pollution and whether this variability can be also related to tidal level and hydrodynamic features. The study was conducted on four sites along the French Basque coast. Each site is characterized by its geological layers’ orientation, regardless of its proximity to sewage outlets. Analyses on high-resolution pictures of jaws were performed and three parameters were retained: length, height and demipyramid dry mass. Five shape descriptors were consequently defined regarding the test and the jaws. Individuals with heavy test density associated with highly developed demipyramid regarding test diameter and height were preferentially observed in intertidal areas, remoteness from treatment plants and in south-oriented geological layers. High test hemispherical indice and demipyramid elongation indice were preferentially found far away from treatment...
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