The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is one of the most developed fuel cell technology ... more The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is one of the most developed fuel cell technology in recent years [1] while the durability of PEMFCs still remains as a main factor that restricts their commercialization at a larger scale [2]. This issue becomes even more challenging under difficult operational conditions, especially in regions with extreme cold winter or wet tropical climate. For example, a potential application of PEM fuel cell in cold regions is to power a high-altitude mountain refuge, where the connexion to the grid is impossible. Coupled with a solar panel and an electrolyzer, the fuel cell can fulfill the power need of the visitors. As the fuel cell will often be at its resting state during severe winter when there is no visitors in the refuge, the experimental research on the degradation of PEM fuel cell under this condition is necessary. Furthermore, prognostic tools are also needed to predict the state of health and to estimate the Remaining Useful Lifetime (...
I Crystallisation is an important stage in the manufacturing process of sugar cane. In Bois Rouge... more I Crystallisation is an important stage in the manufacturing process of sugar cane. In Bois Rouge sugar mill, the crystallisation process is performed in three stages. Our work deals with C crystallisation. During crystallisation, purity of mother liquor is a parameter of importance as it indicates the concentration of sucrose remaining in solution. The final productivity of the sugar cane conversion is dependent on the efficiency of C crystallisation. In Bois Rouge sugar mill, no physical measure is available concerning exhaustion on-line in C crystallisation. To observe the dynamic exhaustion of mother liquor during the growing stage, we took samples of molasses and massecuite every ten minutes. These samples were analyzed to determine purity of mother liquor. Then, we built a multi- step predictor of mother liquor purity using physical measures on-line and off-line. First results are very encouraging.
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Université Paris Descartes, Oct 16, 2018
International audienceActive fault tolerant control (AFTC) applied on proton exchange membrane fu... more International audienceActive fault tolerant control (AFTC) applied on proton exchange membrane fuel cell
2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)
This paper presents an energy management system based on a distributed explicit model predictive ... more This paper presents an energy management system based on a distributed explicit model predictive control. The ability of the energy management system to cope with loss of a unit in an islanded DC micro grid is evaluated. In this study, the DC micro grid is composed with a photovoltaic system, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a battery stack and an electrolyzer. The fuel cell and the electrolyzer performance can be affected by many parameters (humidity, temperature, etc.) or auxiliaries control issues. The power of the photovoltaic system can decrease suddenly in case of irradiation loss (weather) or if a part of the photovoltaic surface is hidden. The worst case is the totality loss of one unit (disconnection in failures case). Distributed control can solve this issue by the compensation of the elements between them when a part or the total power capacity of one unit is lost. This work shows the performance of the distributed explicit model predictive control strategy in case of the totality loss of an element.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - ParisTech, Feb 8, 2016
This paper proposes an economic performance optimization strategy for a PV plant coupled with a b... more This paper proposes an economic performance optimization strategy for a PV plant coupled with a battery energy 10 storage system (BESS). The case study of La Reunion Island, a non-interconnected zone (NIZ) with a high level of renewable 11 energy sources (RES), is considered. This last decade, to reach the ambitious target of electricity autonomy by 2030 set by the 12 local authorities, local and national plans have been launched to promote RES integration that led to a noticeable development of 13 photovoltaic (PV) systems. To avoid a decrease of the grid reliability due to a large integration of intermittent energy sources 14 into a non-interconnected grid, the authorities have introduced new regulatory rules for RES producers. The proposed 15 optimization strategy relies on a these new regulatory rules and takes into account the energy market data, the amount of PV 16 production subject to penalties for imbalance, the batteries and the PV technological characteristics together with a PV 17 production forecast model. The effectiveness and relevance of the proposed strategy are assessed on experimental data collected 18 on a real PV power plant. An economical analysis demonstrates that the proposed optimization strategy is able to fulfill the new 19 regulatory rules requirements while increasing the economic performance of the system. 20 21 42 and noticeable development [5]. However, a large integration 43 of intermittent sources into a non-interconnected grid raises 44 critical technical issues due to the uncertainties of the energy 45 production. The intermittency and unreliability of solar-46 generated power may reduce the network stability and lead to 47 load shedding or to the interruption of electric service [6]. To 48 avoid such situations, the authorities have set a limit of 30% 49 of intermittent sources in the instantaneous electricity 50 production and have introduced new regulatory rules for RES 51 development. Henceforth, RES producers have to declare to 52 the grid operator, a day in advance, the power profile that will 53 be injected to the grid. Then, if the power plants do not meet 54 the submitted schedule for injected power, they face financial 55 penalties. In La Reunion Island, if mismatches between actual 56 and scheduled power injection exceed a given tolerance, RES 57 producers are charged with imbalance penalties. In order to 58 address the problem related to the intermittency of solar-59 generated electricity while reducing the amount of PV 60 production subject to penalties for imbalance, energy storage 61 systems (ESSs) appears as one of the most relevant option. 62 Recently, several works related to the applicability, 63 advantages and disadvantages of various ESS technologies 64 for RES integration have been reported [7]. As regards PV 65 power plants coupling with ESS, several works dealing with 66 technical issues and economic feasibility have been 67 conducted [8-11]. However, from a regulatory point of view 68 (incentive schemes and economic feasibility), nearly all 69 works reported in the literature focus on the determination of 70 the optimal sizing of the ESS [12-15].
The water electrolysis based on Polymeric Electrolyte Membrane technology (E-PEM) is an interesti... more The water electrolysis based on Polymeric Electrolyte Membrane technology (E-PEM) is an interesting solution for efficient carbon-free hydrogen production. By the end of the 21st century, the contribution of hydrogen will continue to achieve significant rate in the energy mix. As there have been advances of efficient end-use technologies, hydrogen could even become the main energy carrier [1]. Regarding diagnosis purposes, Empirical Model Decomposition (EMD) method has proven to be a versatile and efficient tool to analyze non-stationary signals and extract features from them [2]. As a starting point of its decomposition, oscillations are considered, at a local level, as the sum of a specified number of high and low frequency contributions called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). IMFs represent the natural oscillatory mode embedded in the signal and work as the basis functions, which makes EMD a self-adaptive method. fig.1 shows the decomposition of the E-PEM current into a finite se...
LE2P, EA 4079, Univ. of La Reunion, 15, avenue R. Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint Denis Cedex 9, Fr... more LE2P, EA 4079, Univ. of La Reunion, 15, avenue R. Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint Denis Cedex 9, France 4 LIM, EA 2525, Univ. of La Reunion, PTU, Bât. 2, 2, rue J. Wetzell, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France 5 FCLAB, FR CNRS 3539, FEMTO-ST, UMR CNRS 6174, Univ. of Franche-Comté, rue T. Mieg, 90010 Belfort Cedex, France 6 *michel.benne@univ-reunion.fr 7 8 9 Abstract. This paper proposes an economic performance optimization strategy for a PV plant coupled with a battery energy 10 storage system (BESS). The case study of La Reunion Island, a non-interconnected zone (NIZ) with a high level of renewable 11 energy sources (RES), is considered. This last decade, to reach the ambitious target of electricity autonomy by 2030 set by the 12 local authorities, local and national plans have been launched to promote RES integration that led to a noticeable development of 13 photovoltaic (PV) systems. To avoid a decrease of the grid reliability due to a large integration of intermittent energy sources 14...
L'etude presente les resultats de calculs d'un modele analytique adimensionnel en regime ... more L'etude presente les resultats de calculs d'un modele analytique adimensionnel en regime stationnaire et isotherme portant sur l'ensemble de l'AME d'un electrolyseur basse pression, basse temperature de type PEM. A l'echelle locale, en 1D, les equations prises en compte sont la conservation du courant dans l'AME, les reactions electrochimiques au sein des couches actives et le transfert de matiere a travers la membrane. La resolution a permis d'obtenir des expressions analytiques des surtensions d'electrodes, de la chute ohmique et de la teneur en eau a la membrane. De plus, l'etude propose une expression mathematique simple de la surtension totale du systeme en fonction de nombres adimensionnels operationnels (βa,βc,βm) et intrinseques au systeme (wa,Π), similaires a des nombres adimensionnels de Thiele [1] et de Wagner [2]. L'approche adimensionnelle permet de quantifier analytiquement les sources d'irreversibilite(irreversibilite(ch...
2017 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 2017
The use of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) presents many advantages in stationary and... more The use of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) presents many advantages in stationary and embedded systems. Their operating conditions and load profile as well as efficiency and lifetime are highly dependent on the type of application. Indeed, stationary installations are easier to maintain at an optimal operating point, as the dynamics are slow and the load profile presents large constant phases. Embedded ones are exposed to more constraints, such as fast-dynamics' user profile, mechanical and thermal solicitations. This makes the optimal operating point more difficult to maintain. Furthermore, faults can appear and provoke a dramatic reduction of the lifespan of fuel cells. This fault occurrence depends on several factors such as the quality of inlet gases, their humidity, temperature, etc [1]. Therefore, finding the best compromise between efficiency and reliability of fuel cell systems is still an open issue to study. The Active fault tolerant control (AFTC) is one o...
The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is one of the most developed fuel cell technology ... more The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is one of the most developed fuel cell technology in recent years [1] while the durability of PEMFCs still remains as a main factor that restricts their commercialization at a larger scale [2]. This issue becomes even more challenging under difficult operational conditions, especially in regions with extreme cold winter or wet tropical climate. For example, a potential application of PEM fuel cell in cold regions is to power a high-altitude mountain refuge, where the connexion to the grid is impossible. Coupled with a solar panel and an electrolyzer, the fuel cell can fulfill the power need of the visitors. As the fuel cell will often be at its resting state during severe winter when there is no visitors in the refuge, the experimental research on the degradation of PEM fuel cell under this condition is necessary. Furthermore, prognostic tools are also needed to predict the state of health and to estimate the Remaining Useful Lifetime (...
I Crystallisation is an important stage in the manufacturing process of sugar cane. In Bois Rouge... more I Crystallisation is an important stage in the manufacturing process of sugar cane. In Bois Rouge sugar mill, the crystallisation process is performed in three stages. Our work deals with C crystallisation. During crystallisation, purity of mother liquor is a parameter of importance as it indicates the concentration of sucrose remaining in solution. The final productivity of the sugar cane conversion is dependent on the efficiency of C crystallisation. In Bois Rouge sugar mill, no physical measure is available concerning exhaustion on-line in C crystallisation. To observe the dynamic exhaustion of mother liquor during the growing stage, we took samples of molasses and massecuite every ten minutes. These samples were analyzed to determine purity of mother liquor. Then, we built a multi- step predictor of mother liquor purity using physical measures on-line and off-line. First results are very encouraging.
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Université Paris Descartes, Oct 16, 2018
International audienceActive fault tolerant control (AFTC) applied on proton exchange membrane fu... more International audienceActive fault tolerant control (AFTC) applied on proton exchange membrane fuel cell
2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)
This paper presents an energy management system based on a distributed explicit model predictive ... more This paper presents an energy management system based on a distributed explicit model predictive control. The ability of the energy management system to cope with loss of a unit in an islanded DC micro grid is evaluated. In this study, the DC micro grid is composed with a photovoltaic system, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a battery stack and an electrolyzer. The fuel cell and the electrolyzer performance can be affected by many parameters (humidity, temperature, etc.) or auxiliaries control issues. The power of the photovoltaic system can decrease suddenly in case of irradiation loss (weather) or if a part of the photovoltaic surface is hidden. The worst case is the totality loss of one unit (disconnection in failures case). Distributed control can solve this issue by the compensation of the elements between them when a part or the total power capacity of one unit is lost. This work shows the performance of the distributed explicit model predictive control strategy in case of the totality loss of an element.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - ParisTech, Feb 8, 2016
This paper proposes an economic performance optimization strategy for a PV plant coupled with a b... more This paper proposes an economic performance optimization strategy for a PV plant coupled with a battery energy 10 storage system (BESS). The case study of La Reunion Island, a non-interconnected zone (NIZ) with a high level of renewable 11 energy sources (RES), is considered. This last decade, to reach the ambitious target of electricity autonomy by 2030 set by the 12 local authorities, local and national plans have been launched to promote RES integration that led to a noticeable development of 13 photovoltaic (PV) systems. To avoid a decrease of the grid reliability due to a large integration of intermittent energy sources 14 into a non-interconnected grid, the authorities have introduced new regulatory rules for RES producers. The proposed 15 optimization strategy relies on a these new regulatory rules and takes into account the energy market data, the amount of PV 16 production subject to penalties for imbalance, the batteries and the PV technological characteristics together with a PV 17 production forecast model. The effectiveness and relevance of the proposed strategy are assessed on experimental data collected 18 on a real PV power plant. An economical analysis demonstrates that the proposed optimization strategy is able to fulfill the new 19 regulatory rules requirements while increasing the economic performance of the system. 20 21 42 and noticeable development [5]. However, a large integration 43 of intermittent sources into a non-interconnected grid raises 44 critical technical issues due to the uncertainties of the energy 45 production. The intermittency and unreliability of solar-46 generated power may reduce the network stability and lead to 47 load shedding or to the interruption of electric service [6]. To 48 avoid such situations, the authorities have set a limit of 30% 49 of intermittent sources in the instantaneous electricity 50 production and have introduced new regulatory rules for RES 51 development. Henceforth, RES producers have to declare to 52 the grid operator, a day in advance, the power profile that will 53 be injected to the grid. Then, if the power plants do not meet 54 the submitted schedule for injected power, they face financial 55 penalties. In La Reunion Island, if mismatches between actual 56 and scheduled power injection exceed a given tolerance, RES 57 producers are charged with imbalance penalties. In order to 58 address the problem related to the intermittency of solar-59 generated electricity while reducing the amount of PV 60 production subject to penalties for imbalance, energy storage 61 systems (ESSs) appears as one of the most relevant option. 62 Recently, several works related to the applicability, 63 advantages and disadvantages of various ESS technologies 64 for RES integration have been reported [7]. As regards PV 65 power plants coupling with ESS, several works dealing with 66 technical issues and economic feasibility have been 67 conducted [8-11]. However, from a regulatory point of view 68 (incentive schemes and economic feasibility), nearly all 69 works reported in the literature focus on the determination of 70 the optimal sizing of the ESS [12-15].
The water electrolysis based on Polymeric Electrolyte Membrane technology (E-PEM) is an interesti... more The water electrolysis based on Polymeric Electrolyte Membrane technology (E-PEM) is an interesting solution for efficient carbon-free hydrogen production. By the end of the 21st century, the contribution of hydrogen will continue to achieve significant rate in the energy mix. As there have been advances of efficient end-use technologies, hydrogen could even become the main energy carrier [1]. Regarding diagnosis purposes, Empirical Model Decomposition (EMD) method has proven to be a versatile and efficient tool to analyze non-stationary signals and extract features from them [2]. As a starting point of its decomposition, oscillations are considered, at a local level, as the sum of a specified number of high and low frequency contributions called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). IMFs represent the natural oscillatory mode embedded in the signal and work as the basis functions, which makes EMD a self-adaptive method. fig.1 shows the decomposition of the E-PEM current into a finite se...
LE2P, EA 4079, Univ. of La Reunion, 15, avenue R. Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint Denis Cedex 9, Fr... more LE2P, EA 4079, Univ. of La Reunion, 15, avenue R. Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint Denis Cedex 9, France 4 LIM, EA 2525, Univ. of La Reunion, PTU, Bât. 2, 2, rue J. Wetzell, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France 5 FCLAB, FR CNRS 3539, FEMTO-ST, UMR CNRS 6174, Univ. of Franche-Comté, rue T. Mieg, 90010 Belfort Cedex, France 6 *michel.benne@univ-reunion.fr 7 8 9 Abstract. This paper proposes an economic performance optimization strategy for a PV plant coupled with a battery energy 10 storage system (BESS). The case study of La Reunion Island, a non-interconnected zone (NIZ) with a high level of renewable 11 energy sources (RES), is considered. This last decade, to reach the ambitious target of electricity autonomy by 2030 set by the 12 local authorities, local and national plans have been launched to promote RES integration that led to a noticeable development of 13 photovoltaic (PV) systems. To avoid a decrease of the grid reliability due to a large integration of intermittent energy sources 14...
L'etude presente les resultats de calculs d'un modele analytique adimensionnel en regime ... more L'etude presente les resultats de calculs d'un modele analytique adimensionnel en regime stationnaire et isotherme portant sur l'ensemble de l'AME d'un electrolyseur basse pression, basse temperature de type PEM. A l'echelle locale, en 1D, les equations prises en compte sont la conservation du courant dans l'AME, les reactions electrochimiques au sein des couches actives et le transfert de matiere a travers la membrane. La resolution a permis d'obtenir des expressions analytiques des surtensions d'electrodes, de la chute ohmique et de la teneur en eau a la membrane. De plus, l'etude propose une expression mathematique simple de la surtension totale du systeme en fonction de nombres adimensionnels operationnels (βa,βc,βm) et intrinseques au systeme (wa,Π), similaires a des nombres adimensionnels de Thiele [1] et de Wagner [2]. L'approche adimensionnelle permet de quantifier analytiquement les sources d'irreversibilite(irreversibilite(ch...
2017 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 2017
The use of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) presents many advantages in stationary and... more The use of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) presents many advantages in stationary and embedded systems. Their operating conditions and load profile as well as efficiency and lifetime are highly dependent on the type of application. Indeed, stationary installations are easier to maintain at an optimal operating point, as the dynamics are slow and the load profile presents large constant phases. Embedded ones are exposed to more constraints, such as fast-dynamics' user profile, mechanical and thermal solicitations. This makes the optimal operating point more difficult to maintain. Furthermore, faults can appear and provoke a dramatic reduction of the lifespan of fuel cells. This fault occurrence depends on several factors such as the quality of inlet gases, their humidity, temperature, etc [1]. Therefore, finding the best compromise between efficiency and reliability of fuel cell systems is still an open issue to study. The Active fault tolerant control (AFTC) is one o...
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