Andreas Tsatsaris is a Surveyor Engineer (MSc, BSc) and his PhD thesis deals with the subject of Geospatial Applications in Spatial Epidemiology. He has participated in at least 30 national and international (i.e. EDEN, ANTIGONE etc.) research projects and has contributed several papers to the relative literature. Moreover, he worked as an advisor in the coordination and crisis management following natural disasters which might conduce to disease dispersal (CDC Greece’s special advisor in the fires of 2007). He is a scientific partner of the WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mediterranean Zoonoses of the School of Medicine of the University of Crete (10 years). He also collaborates with Microbiology Laboratory, of the school of Medicine of Aristotle University in Thessaloniki (5 years), working on spatial databases for arboviruses. He has been teaching GIS as an Associate Professor in the Department of Surveying Engineering of the Technological Educational Institute of Athens since 1996 (20 years), and is the Director of the Geospatial Technology Research Lab. He has been teaching GIS as an executive professor in the Department of Regional Administration and Regional Development of the National Centre for Public Administration and Local Government since 1999 (17 years). He is teaching Spatial Epidemiology as a visiting professor in postgraduate programs of the University of Crete and Thessaloniki. He is one of the referees of many scientific journals. He is a member of the scientific network VBorNet (Vector Borne Disease Network). He has served as a technical advisor to major firms whose main concern is developing GIS applications. Finally, he has extensive experience over 25 years in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their applications in various fields (especially in Epidemiology), and has stood out in the Greek community of Geospatial Science, being the president of the Hellenic Association for Geographic Information (HellasGIs) between 2006 and 2008.
The ever-increasing need for water, the alteration in the climate, and its observed changes over ... more The ever-increasing need for water, the alteration in the climate, and its observed changes over recent years have triggered a lot of research studies associated with the phenomenon of drought. Within the wider geographical region of the Mediterranean, the relevant scientific subject seems to be of great interest, since it is undoubtedly related to a number of severe socio-economic consequences. This present effort focuses on the evolution of this particular phenomenon over time, within the borders of nine different countries in the Eastern Mediterranean (Athens, Greece—Europe; Constantinople, Turkey—Asia; Nicosia, Cyprus—Europe; Jerusalem, Israel—Asia; Amman, Jordan—Asia; Damascus, Syria—Asia; Beirut, Lebanon—Asia; Cairo, Egypt—Africa; and Tripoli Libya—Africa). By applying the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), examining precipitation data at the month level (January 1901 to December 2020), and utilizing the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method, the spatio–temporal variability ...
Student performance and consequently the access to higher education have been a means of improvin... more Student performance and consequently the access to higher education have been a means of improving the social status of individuals, while it was believed that the issues related to the reproduction of caste and social inequalities in Greece could be addressed. The study of access to tertiary education in Greece is the subject of this research work. At the end of the last class of the high school, i.e., the upper secondary school, general examinations are carried out in our country which, lead to some University Department. This work is intended to highlight the geographical dimension of the performance of secondary school pupils in order to achieve a post in higher education. For the needs of the work a spatial database in GIS environment was created from the performance of 72,619 students (1202 high schools) of the 3rd class of high school of the 2012-2013 school year
Floods are natural hazards with negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts at a local and r... more Floods are natural hazards with negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts at a local and regional level. In addition to human lives, facilities, and infrastructure, flooding is a potential threat to archaeological sites, with all the implications for the cultural heritage of each country. Technological developments of recent years, particularly concerning geospatial technologies (GIS, Remote Sensing, etc.), have brought novel advantages to hydrological modelling. This study uses geoinformatics to quantify flood hazard assessment. The study area is the ungauged torrent of Kladeos River, located in Peloponnese, Greece. Geomorphological analysis combined with hydrological modelling were performed in a GIS-based environment in order to study the hydrological behavior of the Kladeos River basin. The hydrological analysis was carried out with rainfall data and hypothetical storms using a 5 × 5 m digital terrain model. The quantitative features of the catchment were calculated in or...
It is common sense that immediate response and action are among the most important terms when it ... more It is common sense that immediate response and action are among the most important terms when it comes to public safety, and emergency response systems (ERS) are technology components strictly tied to this purpose. While the use of ERSs is increasingly adopted across many aspects of everyday life, the combination of them with real-time biometric and location data appears to provide a different perspective. Panic is one of the most important emergency indicators. Until now, panic events of any cause tend to be treated in a local manner. Various attempts to detect such events have been proposed based on traditional methods such as visual surveillance technologies and community engagement systems. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it presents an innovative multimodal dataset containing biometric and spatiotemporal data associated with the detection of panic state in subjects that perform various activities during a certain period. For this purpose, time-enabled location data are...
Abstract Global Navigation Satellite System receivers (Global Positioning System, GLONASS, Galile... more Abstract Global Navigation Satellite System receivers (Global Positioning System, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou) are used in a wide range of applications on which those data are used, among others, for navigation systems, for surveying and mapping areas, etc., for archaeological mapping different Earth Observation (EO) data and platforms have been used. The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology to collect high-precision geographic data today is the low-cost alternative to standard manned aerial photography on mapping and three-dimensional imaging. This chapter attempts, through an extended review, to record those factors that affect the accuracy of the ultimately produced orthophotomosaic map and digital surface models (DSMs), while confirming the necessity of flight planning before the flight itself. The case study refers to the archaeological site in Poros area of the island of Cephalonia, in which archaeological findings of the Mycenaean period have been confirmed. For the mapping of approximately 1 km2 of study area, and the production of an orthophotomosaic and a DSM, a low-cost UAV (Multi-Rotor model DJI Phantom 4 Pro) was used. The final orthophotomosaic map and the DSM, which were produced, had an accuracy (root-mean-square error) of 0.105 and 0.075 m, respectively. Overall, the results demonstrate that the use of UAV, in the collection of high-precision geographic data, combines reduced collection time with high-precision produced outputs. Finally, proposals are included for the future improvement of the collection of geographic data and the production of orthomosaics and DSMs.
Malaria constitutes an important cause of human mortality. After 2009 Greece experienced a resurg... more Malaria constitutes an important cause of human mortality. After 2009 Greece experienced a resurgence of malaria. Here, we develop a modelbased framework that integrates entomological, geographical, social and environmental evidence in order to guide the mosquito control efforts and apply this framework to data from an entomological survey study conducted in Central Greece. Our results indicate that malaria transmission risk in Greece is potentially substantial. In addition, specific districts such as seaside, lakeside and rice field regions appear to represent potential malaria hotspots in Central Greece. We found that appropriate maps depicting the basic reproduction number, R0 , are useful tools for informing policy makers on the risk of malaria resurgence and can serve as a guide to inform recommendations regarding control measures.
The ever-increasing need for water, the alteration in the climate, and its observed changes over ... more The ever-increasing need for water, the alteration in the climate, and its observed changes over recent years have triggered a lot of research studies associated with the phenomenon of drought. Within the wider geographical region of the Mediterranean, the relevant scientific subject seems to be of great interest, since it is undoubtedly related to a number of severe socio-economic consequences. This present effort focuses on the evolution of this particular phenomenon over time, within the borders of nine different countries in the Eastern Mediterranean (Athens, Greece—Europe; Constantinople, Turkey—Asia; Nicosia, Cyprus—Europe; Jerusalem, Israel—Asia; Amman, Jordan—Asia; Damascus, Syria—Asia; Beirut, Lebanon—Asia; Cairo, Egypt—Africa; and Tripoli Libya—Africa). By applying the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), examining precipitation data at the month level (January 1901 to December 2020), and utilizing the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method, the spatio–temporal variability ...
Student performance and consequently the access to higher education have been a means of improvin... more Student performance and consequently the access to higher education have been a means of improving the social status of individuals, while it was believed that the issues related to the reproduction of caste and social inequalities in Greece could be addressed. The study of access to tertiary education in Greece is the subject of this research work. At the end of the last class of the high school, i.e., the upper secondary school, general examinations are carried out in our country which, lead to some University Department. This work is intended to highlight the geographical dimension of the performance of secondary school pupils in order to achieve a post in higher education. For the needs of the work a spatial database in GIS environment was created from the performance of 72,619 students (1202 high schools) of the 3rd class of high school of the 2012-2013 school year
Floods are natural hazards with negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts at a local and r... more Floods are natural hazards with negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts at a local and regional level. In addition to human lives, facilities, and infrastructure, flooding is a potential threat to archaeological sites, with all the implications for the cultural heritage of each country. Technological developments of recent years, particularly concerning geospatial technologies (GIS, Remote Sensing, etc.), have brought novel advantages to hydrological modelling. This study uses geoinformatics to quantify flood hazard assessment. The study area is the ungauged torrent of Kladeos River, located in Peloponnese, Greece. Geomorphological analysis combined with hydrological modelling were performed in a GIS-based environment in order to study the hydrological behavior of the Kladeos River basin. The hydrological analysis was carried out with rainfall data and hypothetical storms using a 5 × 5 m digital terrain model. The quantitative features of the catchment were calculated in or...
It is common sense that immediate response and action are among the most important terms when it ... more It is common sense that immediate response and action are among the most important terms when it comes to public safety, and emergency response systems (ERS) are technology components strictly tied to this purpose. While the use of ERSs is increasingly adopted across many aspects of everyday life, the combination of them with real-time biometric and location data appears to provide a different perspective. Panic is one of the most important emergency indicators. Until now, panic events of any cause tend to be treated in a local manner. Various attempts to detect such events have been proposed based on traditional methods such as visual surveillance technologies and community engagement systems. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it presents an innovative multimodal dataset containing biometric and spatiotemporal data associated with the detection of panic state in subjects that perform various activities during a certain period. For this purpose, time-enabled location data are...
Abstract Global Navigation Satellite System receivers (Global Positioning System, GLONASS, Galile... more Abstract Global Navigation Satellite System receivers (Global Positioning System, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou) are used in a wide range of applications on which those data are used, among others, for navigation systems, for surveying and mapping areas, etc., for archaeological mapping different Earth Observation (EO) data and platforms have been used. The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology to collect high-precision geographic data today is the low-cost alternative to standard manned aerial photography on mapping and three-dimensional imaging. This chapter attempts, through an extended review, to record those factors that affect the accuracy of the ultimately produced orthophotomosaic map and digital surface models (DSMs), while confirming the necessity of flight planning before the flight itself. The case study refers to the archaeological site in Poros area of the island of Cephalonia, in which archaeological findings of the Mycenaean period have been confirmed. For the mapping of approximately 1 km2 of study area, and the production of an orthophotomosaic and a DSM, a low-cost UAV (Multi-Rotor model DJI Phantom 4 Pro) was used. The final orthophotomosaic map and the DSM, which were produced, had an accuracy (root-mean-square error) of 0.105 and 0.075 m, respectively. Overall, the results demonstrate that the use of UAV, in the collection of high-precision geographic data, combines reduced collection time with high-precision produced outputs. Finally, proposals are included for the future improvement of the collection of geographic data and the production of orthomosaics and DSMs.
Malaria constitutes an important cause of human mortality. After 2009 Greece experienced a resurg... more Malaria constitutes an important cause of human mortality. After 2009 Greece experienced a resurgence of malaria. Here, we develop a modelbased framework that integrates entomological, geographical, social and environmental evidence in order to guide the mosquito control efforts and apply this framework to data from an entomological survey study conducted in Central Greece. Our results indicate that malaria transmission risk in Greece is potentially substantial. In addition, specific districts such as seaside, lakeside and rice field regions appear to represent potential malaria hotspots in Central Greece. We found that appropriate maps depicting the basic reproduction number, R0 , are useful tools for informing policy makers on the risk of malaria resurgence and can serve as a guide to inform recommendations regarding control measures.
Το ταξίδι ως όρος έχει τις ρίζες του στις εκστρατείες, υπό την έννοια της πορείας και της μετακίν... more Το ταξίδι ως όρος έχει τις ρίζες του στις εκστρατείες, υπό την έννοια της πορείας και της μετακίνησης στρατιωτικών σωμάτων. Η σημερινή του χρήση ωστόσο, δηλώνει τη μετακί-νηση σε μακρινό προορισμό, όπου κάποιος παραμένει για ένα σημαντικό χρονικό διάστη-μα. Το ταξίδι όμως που περιγράφεται στην παρούσα εργασία, είναι νοητό και επιθυμεί να δηλώσει τη αξία του χάρτη για την απεικόνιση της ιστορικής και αρχαιολογικής πληροφο-ρίας, η οποία μάλιστα τυγχάνει να είναι μέχρι στιγμής αδημοσίευτη. Το ταξίδι αυτό λοιπόν, αποτελεί μία αυθεντική και πρωτότυπη δημοσίευση αρχαιολογικών και ιστορικών στοιχεί-ων για τη σύνταξη ενός χάρτη της Τεγεάτιδας χώρας, που θεμελιώνεται στις ρήσεις των με-γάλων περιηγητών και γεωγράφων της αρχαιότητάς μας, που με επιμέλεια και απλοχεριά μας άφησαν ως παρακαταθήκη τις μαρτυρίες τους για αυτόν τον ιδιαίτερο τόπο. Η αυθεντικότητα αυτή της πρωτογενούς ιστορικής και αρχαιολογικής πληροφορίας που μετουσιώνεται σε χαρτογραφικό αποτέλεσμα, αρμόζει ακριβώς στον Άνθρωπο, στον οποίο αφιερώνεται: Σε έναν δηλαδή άριστο και πανάξιο Δάσκαλο, που με την απαράμιλλη αισθη-τική του και τη δύναμη των λόγων και της γνώσης του ανέδειξε με την καινοφανή του διδασκαλία, την πεμπτουσία των χαρτών και τους ανοικτούς τους ορίζοντες.
Οι απόπειρες γραφικής αναπαράστασης του φυσικού και ανθρώπινου περιβάλλοντος έχουν μακρά ιστορία ... more Οι απόπειρες γραφικής αναπαράστασης του φυσικού και ανθρώπινου περιβάλλοντος έχουν μακρά ιστορία και ταυτίζονται ίσως, με τα πρώτα βήματα του ανθρώπινου πολιτισμού. Η ιστορία της χαρτογραφίας αποδίδει την εξέλιξη των ανθρώπινων δυνατοτήτων σχετικά με τα ζητήματα αντίληψης και καταγραφής στοιχείων, γεγονότων και φαινομένων περί τη γήινη επιφάνεια σε τοπικές ή ευρύτερες κλίμακες. Ο εκτεταμένος ρόλος του χάρτη οδήγησε σε νέες προκλήσεις για τη χαρτογραφία και η κυριότερη από αυτές είναι η θεματική χαρτογραφική απεικόνιση.
Ο θεματικός χάρτης είναι παραδοσιακά ένα επικοινωνιακό μέσο και ταυτόχρονα ένα εργαλείο ανάλυσης και ερμηνείας του γεωγραφικού και κοινωνικο-οικονομικού χώρου. Με τη σύγχρονη ψηφιακή έκφανση του και την υποστήριξη που παρέχουν τα γεωγραφικά πληροφοριακά συστήματα, εμπεδώνεται ως ένα μεθοδολογικό μέσο υποβοήθησης των διαδικασιών λήψης χωρικών αποφάσεων, του σχεδιασμού και της χάραξης πολιτικών σε εθνικό, περιφερειακό και τοπικό επίπεδο.
Αντικείμενο του θεματικού χάρτη είναι η μετάδοση μέσω μίας ολοκληρωμένης γραφικής σύνθεσης, του κατάλληλου "χωρικού μηνύματος" προς τον αναγνώστη - αναλυτή του χώρου. Ενός μηνύματος κατάλληλου προς το επίπεδο και τις ιδιαίτερες απαιτήσεις ενός εξειδικευμένου (ή μη) αναγνώστη ανάλογα με τις ανάγκες του, χωρίς βασικές ελλείψεις ή περιττό πληροφοριακό "θόρυβο". Για το σκοπό αυτό δεν αρκεί η απλή διαχειριστική δυνατότητα που προσφέρουν τα εξαιρετικά εργαλεία της πληροφορικής τα οποία, οδηγούν συνηθέστατα σε στοιχειώδη χαρτογραφικά λάθη όταν η θεωρητική τεκμηρίωση των γραφικών επιλογών απουσιάζει από τη χαρτογραφική απόπειρα.
Στόχος του βιβλίου είναι η γνώση, η εμπέδωση και εφαρμογή των χαρτογραφικών κανόνων και των αρχών της γραφικής σημειολογίας, η ικανότητα στη λήψη απόφασης περί τον χαρτογραφικό συμβολισμό, ανάλογα με τα προς απεικόνιση δεδομένα, η δεξιότητα στο χειρισμό σύγχρονων χαρτογραφικών εργαλείων και η ικανότητα στο σχεδιασμό και τη σύνθεση ενός εύληπτου, επικοινωνιακά ακριβούς, επιστημονικά αξιόπιστου και αισθητικά επαρκούς χαρτογραφικού αποτελέσματος.
Η Ελλάδα ξεκίνησε να απογράφει τον πληθυσμό της, σχεδόν ταυτόχρονα με την αυτοτέλειά της, ως ανεξ... more Η Ελλάδα ξεκίνησε να απογράφει τον πληθυσμό της, σχεδόν ταυτόχρονα με την αυτοτέλειά της, ως ανεξάρτητο κράτος. Στα πρώτα χρόνια, του νεοσύστατου ελληνικού κράτους, δεν πραγματοποιούνταν απογραφές (υπό την σημερινή έννοια), αλλά κυρίως απαριθμήσεις πληθυσμού. Το ελληνικό κράτος έχει διεξαγάγει συνολικά 30 επίσημες απογραφές. Η μελέτη τους, υπό ένα ενιαίο πρίσμα, μπορεί να αποδώσει πληροφορίες που ενδεχομένως είναι αδύνατον να ανιχνευθούν διαφορετικά. Ως γνωστόν, η ιστορική δημογραφία αφορά στους πληθυσμούς ιστορικά και η προσέγγισή της έχει δύο στόχους, αφ'ενός μεν την αναδόμηση των δημογραφικών χαρακτηριστικών του παρελθόντος και αφ'ετέρου την ανίχνευση των αιτιών που τα διαμόρφωσαν. Από την πρώτη, κιόλας, απογραφή, λίγο πριν τη συγκρότηση του νεοελληνικού κράτους (1828), μέχρι τη χωρική του ολοκλήρωση (1947), η ελληνική επικράτεια μεγάλωνε και οι πληθυσμοί των νέων τόπων προστίθεντο στους ήδη υπάρχοντες. Για τον λόγο αυτό, η ορθή αποτύπωση της δημογραφικής μεταβολής την περίοδο αυτή ενέχει συγκεκριμένες δυσκολίες. Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει τη διαχρονική εξέλιξη του πληθυσμού της Ελλάδας από την απογραφή του 1839, έως την απογραφή του 2011, σε επίπεδο Επαρχίας, μέσα από χωρικούς δημογραφικούς δείκτες, μέσω της στατιστικής ανάλυσης και της χαρτογραφικής απεικόνισης.
The aim of this work is to demonstrate through a specific case study, that of the sanctuary of Ap... more The aim of this work is to demonstrate through a specific case study, that of the sanctuary of Apollon Amyklaios near Sparta, the aspects of documentation and recording of cultural heritage monuments using state-of-the-art geospatial technology including terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), image-based total station technology and photographic documentation, as well as GeoInformatics technologies, for different needs regarding each archaeological monument. The hill of Haghia Kyriaki, where the site of the central lakonian sanctuary of Apollon Amyklaios has been located around 5 km south of Sparta. The mention of Amyklae in the Homeric catalogue of ships (Il. 2.584) reflects the site’s importance as a Late Bronze to Early Iron Age settlement. Archaeological remains and literary sources bear witness to the great importance of the sanctuary and the related Hyakinthia festival to the people of Lakonia during the Greek and Roman antiquity. In the framework of the Amykles Research Project, commenced in 2005, a new exploration of the entire surface of the site has being conducted. The site is often under threat from environmental conditions, structural instability and development. Geospatial techniques in combination with other digital documentation techniques, which aim at creating an archaeospatial database named “Apollo” and a 3D model of the site and the structures, provide an extremely useful way to document and protect the spatial characteristics of the site. The project has demonstrated that TLS is a viable technique for the integrated surveying of cultural heritage monuments that allows obtaining the geometry of the object easily, regardless of its accessibility. The real possibility of acquiring dense geometric information by TLS allows the analysis through a number of different modelling approaches. Combined TLS integrated to the main “Apollo” Geospatial Database will be able to provide much-improved quality of documentation to experts and interested parties as well as to a large number of scholars and members of the public.
The application of innovative technological processes in classical sciences was always an interdi... more The application of innovative technological processes in classical sciences was always an interdisciplinary challenge, especially when it comes to produce results which lead to the understanding of the history and cultural development of a country. In this presentation the projects of the five-year collaboration between the Laboratory of Geospatial Technology of TEI of Athens and the Antiquities Arcadia are represented.
Natural resources are gradually coming under continuous and increasing pressure due to anthropoge... more Natural resources are gradually coming under continuous and increasing pressure due to anthropogenic interventions and climate variabilities. The result of these pressures is reflected in the sustainability of natural resources. Significant scientific efforts during the recent years focus on mitigating the effects of these pressures and on increasing the sustainability of natural resources. Hence, there is a need to develop specific indices and indicators that will reveal the areas having the highest risks. The Water and Land Resources Degradation Index (WLDI) was developed for this purpose. WLDI consists of eleven indicators and its outcome results from the spatiotemporal performance of these indicators. The WLDI is based on the Standardized Drought Vulnerability Index (SDVI) and the Environmentally Sensitive Areas Index (ESAI). The WLDI is applied for the period from October 1983 to September 1996, considering Greece as a study area. The results of the application of this index reveal the areas with the highest risks, especially in the agricultural sector, with less than the needed water quantities due to extensive periods of droughts. This index could be used by scientists, but also by policy makers, to better and more sustainably manage environmental pressures.
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Η αυθεντικότητα αυτή της πρωτογενούς ιστορικής και αρχαιολογικής πληροφορίας που μετουσιώνεται σε χαρτογραφικό αποτέλεσμα, αρμόζει ακριβώς στον Άνθρωπο, στον οποίο αφιερώνεται: Σε έναν δηλαδή άριστο και πανάξιο Δάσκαλο, που με την απαράμιλλη αισθη-τική του και τη δύναμη των λόγων και της γνώσης του ανέδειξε με την καινοφανή του διδασκαλία, την πεμπτουσία των χαρτών και τους ανοικτούς τους ορίζοντες.
Ο θεματικός χάρτης είναι παραδοσιακά ένα επικοινωνιακό μέσο και ταυτόχρονα ένα εργαλείο ανάλυσης και ερμηνείας του γεωγραφικού και κοινωνικο-οικονομικού χώρου. Με τη σύγχρονη ψηφιακή έκφανση του και την υποστήριξη που παρέχουν τα γεωγραφικά πληροφοριακά συστήματα, εμπεδώνεται ως ένα μεθοδολογικό μέσο υποβοήθησης των διαδικασιών λήψης χωρικών αποφάσεων, του σχεδιασμού και της χάραξης πολιτικών σε εθνικό, περιφερειακό και τοπικό επίπεδο.
Αντικείμενο του θεματικού χάρτη είναι η μετάδοση μέσω μίας ολοκληρωμένης γραφικής σύνθεσης, του κατάλληλου "χωρικού μηνύματος" προς τον αναγνώστη - αναλυτή του χώρου. Ενός μηνύματος κατάλληλου προς το επίπεδο και τις ιδιαίτερες απαιτήσεις ενός εξειδικευμένου (ή μη) αναγνώστη ανάλογα με τις ανάγκες του, χωρίς βασικές ελλείψεις ή περιττό πληροφοριακό "θόρυβο". Για το σκοπό αυτό δεν αρκεί η απλή διαχειριστική δυνατότητα που προσφέρουν τα εξαιρετικά εργαλεία της πληροφορικής τα οποία, οδηγούν συνηθέστατα σε στοιχειώδη χαρτογραφικά λάθη όταν η θεωρητική τεκμηρίωση των γραφικών επιλογών απουσιάζει από τη χαρτογραφική απόπειρα.
Στόχος του βιβλίου είναι η γνώση, η εμπέδωση και εφαρμογή των χαρτογραφικών κανόνων και των αρχών της γραφικής σημειολογίας, η ικανότητα στη λήψη απόφασης περί τον χαρτογραφικό συμβολισμό, ανάλογα με τα προς απεικόνιση δεδομένα, η δεξιότητα στο χειρισμό σύγχρονων χαρτογραφικών εργαλείων και η ικανότητα στο σχεδιασμό και τη σύνθεση ενός εύληπτου, επικοινωνιακά ακριβούς, επιστημονικά αξιόπιστου και αισθητικά επαρκούς χαρτογραφικού αποτελέσματος.
The hill of Haghia Kyriaki, where the site of the central lakonian sanctuary of Apollon Amyklaios has been located around 5 km south of Sparta. The mention of Amyklae in the Homeric catalogue of ships (Il. 2.584) reflects the site’s importance as a Late Bronze to Early Iron Age settlement. Archaeological remains and literary sources bear witness to the great importance of the sanctuary and the related Hyakinthia festival to the people of Lakonia during the Greek and Roman antiquity. In the framework of the Amykles Research Project, commenced in 2005, a new exploration of the entire surface of the site has being conducted.
The site is often under threat from environmental conditions, structural instability and development. Geospatial techniques in combination with other digital documentation techniques, which aim at creating an archaeospatial database named “Apollo” and a 3D model of the site and the structures, provide an extremely useful way to document and protect the spatial characteristics of the site.
The project has demonstrated that TLS is a viable technique for the integrated surveying of cultural heritage monuments that allows obtaining the geometry of the object easily, regardless of its accessibility. The real possibility of acquiring dense geometric information by TLS allows the analysis through a number of different modelling approaches. Combined TLS integrated to the main “Apollo” Geospatial Database will be able to provide much-improved quality of documentation to experts and interested parties as well as to a large number of scholars and members of the public.