Agustinus Widodo

Background: Endophytic fungi are microorganisms found in plant tissues that are mutually beneficial to the host plant. They are known as sources of bioactive metabolites which possess various biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant. Benalu batu (Begonia medicinalis) has been used empirically as a medicinal plant and has shown anticancer activity in breast cancer cells (T47D cells) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells). Objective: This study aimed to isolate the endophytic fungi from benalu batu and determine the toxicity activity and Lethal Concentration 50% (LC50) value of isolated endophytic fungi using shrimp larvae (Artemia salina). Method: Endophytic fungi were isolated from fresh parts; leaves, stems, roots of Benalu Batu. The selected parts were sterilized with ethanol 70% and sodium hypochlorite 1% subsequently placed into Potato Dextrose Agar Chloramphenicol (PDAC) then incubated at 28°C for 7 days. Isolated endophyti...

The snake fruit peel (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) traditionally has several health benefits, one of which is to treat diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine the content of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract of snake fruit peel and its activity on glucose and urea creatinine levels in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. This study is a laboratory experimental study using 30 test animals divided into 6 treatment groups (normal control, negative control, positive control, 70 mg/kg BW, 140 mg/kg BW, and 280 mg/kg BW). The results showed that the ethanol extract of the bark of the salak fruit contained 7.61 %w/w alkaloids, flavonoids 0.041% w/w, tannins 1.18% w/w, and saponins 2% w/w. Ethanol extract of salak fruit peel dose of 140 mg/kg BW affected decreasing blood glucose and urea creatinine levels. The skin of the salak fruit has the potential...

Traditional herbal substances are used in alternative diabetes mellitus care programs. This research aimed to determine the secondary metabolite levels of ethanol extract Ocimum basilicum L. leaves, clarify the effect of extracts on blood glucose levels, and histopathological pancreatic tissue Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out qualitatively according to standard methods. UV-Vis Spectrophotometric was the quantitative estimation of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The rats were treated with ethanol extract of O. basilicum L. leaves with a dose of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg bodyweight for 28 days, then calculated with blood levels and histopathology of pancreatic tissue in the group treated and compared to the group of diabetes. Group doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight could significantly reduce blood glucose levels, and according to histological results, can regenerate mouse pancreatic cells. It could conclude that...

Indonesia is known to have a considerable wealth of fishery resources. About 16% of the world’s fish species are estimated to live in Indonesian waters. According to the data, the total number of fish species found in Indonesian waters reach 7,000 species. About 2,000 of them are freshwater fish. Freshwater fish is a type of fish that live and inland waters (inland water), ie waters with salinity (salinity) less than 5 per ml (0-5%) (Khairuman, 2008). One region of Indonesia that has many endemic freshwater fish is Sulawesi. Around 117 species have been identified in the territorial waters of Sulawesi (Husnah, Tahjo et al., 2008). According to (Ndobe, 2010), freshwater fish in Central Sulawesi recorded 62 species and 52 of them are endemic fish species. One of the fish species in Sulawesi is eel fish. Research on eel fish is still focused on Posoriver and lake, while other rivers and lakes, including Palu river, are still very limited. The Poso region has quite high eel (sogili) pot...

The aim of this research is to determine the most effective concentration of “meniran” herb infuse in drawn–out the calcium of bladder stone.  The concentration of infuse was varied in 2 %, 6 %, 10 %, 14 % and 18 % w/v, then they were added with 100 mg of the bladder stone.  The calcium analysis was done by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and this study was formatted in the Completely Randomized Design.  The F test indicate that “meniran” herb infuse increase the calcium solubility of bladder stone significantly and the Duncan’s multiple range test also show that the most effective concentration is 10 % w/v.

The plant of Benalu Batu (Begonia medicinalis) from the North Morowali regency has been used empirically and is known to have anticancer activity. The study aims to determine the profile of the activity of lymphocytes cell proliferation of extracts and fractions of Benalu Batu in vitro as well to measure the correlation of total flavonoid content against the stimulating index of lymphocytes cell proliferation. The extraction of simplicia by using the maceration method with methanol solvent. The liquid-liquid partition method is used in the fractionation of methanol extracts with hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvents, sequentially. Test of lymphocytes cell proliferation using MTT reduction (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method with concentration series 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/mL. The total of flavonoids content of extracts and fractions were determined by using colorimetric method. The stimulation index (IS) is used in measuring the activity of lymp...

Ikan sidat termasuk ikan yang memiliki kandungan gizi yang tinggi seperti vitamin A, vitamin B, DHA(Docosahexaenoic acid), EPA(Eicosapentaeonic acid), dan protein albumin. Albumin memiliki peranan penting sebagai sarana pada proses transportasi dalam darah, pembentukan jaringan tubuh yang baru pada masa pertumbuhan, senyawa proteksi hati dan juga bermanfaat dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada pasien pasca operasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar albumin ikan sidat Anguilla marmorata dan Anguilla bicolor pada fase glass eel, elver, yellow eel dan silver eel asal Sungai Palu dan Danau Poso. Sampel diambil menggunakan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan pada jenis, berat, ukuran, dan lokasi pengambilan. Pengujian kadar albumin ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode Bromocresol green dengan alat fotometer dan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar albumin tertinggi terdapat pada fase silver eel, yakni sebanyak 1,62 gram / 100 gram pada Anguilla marmorata as...

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antiviral potency of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and, water fractions of Begonia medicinalis Ardi & D.C.Thomas as well as to identify the chemical constituents. Methods Assays for antioxidant and antiviral activity (HIV-1) were carried out on MT-4 cells infected with HIV using the DPPH method and the determination of the cytopathic effect. Meanwhile, GC-MS was used to identify the chemical compounds. Results The determination of antioxidants showed that all fractions possessed potent activity with the IC50 ranging from 2.61 to 8.26 μg/mL. From the antiviral activity of MT-4 cells infected by HIV, the n-hexane fraction of B. medicinalis showed the most potency with the IC50 of 0.04 ± 0.05 μg/mL. It has less cytotoxicity (11.08 ± 4.60 μg/mL) affording the high selectivity index of 238.80. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis of n-hexane fraction found the major compound of carboxylic acid derivate with the area percentage of 76.4% and the ...

Shallot is one of the typical plants at Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, famous by local people as fried Shallot. It is used as a cooking spice and traditional medicine for treating various diseases. This study was carried out to assess the phytochemical constituent including total phenolics, total flavonoids, and quercetin content of the Palu shallot (Allium ascalonicum L var. aggregatum), and to determine the antifungal and antioxidant properties of this plant ethanolic extract. Total phenolics/ flavonoids and quercetin concentration were determined by spectrophotometry UV-Vis and Reverse Phase - High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods. Antifungal activity and antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract was assayed by using diffusion agar and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Results of the study revealed that the total flavonoids content of the ethanolic extract was 0.3634 ± 0.018 mg QE/100 mg while total phenolics content was 0.4834 ± 0.003 mg GA...

This study aims to identify and isolate the secondary metabolites of Zingiber officinale using GC-MS, preparative TLC, and LC-MS/MS methods, to evaluate the inhibitory potency on SARS-CoV-2 3 chymotrypsin-like protease enzyme, as well as to study the molecular interaction and stability by using docking and molecular dynamics simulations. GC-MS analysis suggested for the isolation of terpenoids compounds as major compounds on methanol extract of pseudostems and rhizomes. Isolation and LC-MS/MS analysis identified 5-hydro-7, 8, 2′-trimethoxyflavanone (9), (E)-hexadecyl-ferulate (1), isocyperol (2), N-isobutyl-(2E,4E)-octadecadienamide (3), and nootkatone (4) from the rhizome extract, as well as from the leaves extract with the absence of 9. Three known steroid compounds, i.e., spinasterone (7), spinasterol (8), and 24-methylcholesta-7-en-3β-on (6), were further identified from the pseudostem extract. Molecular docking showed that steroids compounds 7, 8, and 6 have lower predictive bi...

This study aims to determine the effect of the extraction method based on the type and weight of the sample to the albumin levels, which can produce the highest albumin levels. The extraction method used is heating (hotplate) at heat temperature 60°C for 30 minutes using 0,1 M HCl solvent and steam (water bath) at heat temperature of 60°C (the sample temperature is 45°C) for 30 minutes with distilled water solvent. The weight of the sample used is 0,5 kg and 0,7 kg. Testing of the albumin levels using the Bromocresol green (BCG) method by photometer with a wavelength (λ) 546 nm. According to statistical data the highest albumin levels contained in the extraction of steaming water bath with a value of 0,156 g/100 g. Based on the type of eel, Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard with the highest albumin levels of 0,143g/100 g. The highest albumin levels of the Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard on the weight of 0,5 kg and 0,7 kg are 0,132 g/100 g and 0,153 g/100g.

Amino acid is an organic component containing amine and carboxyl groups. Amino acids are needed by the human body. One animal that has the amino acid content is eel (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) from Palu River and Poso Lake in Central Sulawesi which are endemic fish. This study aims to determine the comparison of amino acid profile in eel (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on silver eel phase. Testing amino acid profile using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the eel (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on phase of silver eel from the Palu River and Poso Lake contained 18 kinds of amino acid consisting of 9 kinds of essential amino acids and 9 types of non-essential amino acids. Data comparison shows a significant difference in glycine P = 0.000 and has no significant differences in the valine at P = 0.132.

Ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) memiliki keunggulan gizi atau nutrisi yang tinggi seperti protein, asam lemak, dan vitamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kadar vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, dan B12) pada ikan sidat fase yellow eel dan silver eel asal Sungai Palu Sulawesi Tengah. Metode yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling berdasarkan pada tempat, ukuran, dan fase ikan. Hasil pengujian vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, dan B9) menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Ultra menunjukkan bahwa vitamin B2 fase yellow eel sebesar 0,07 mg/100 g; silver eel sebesar 0,05 mg/100 g; vitamin B3 fase yellow eel sebesar 0,3 mg/100 g; silver eel sebesar 1,16 mg/100 g; dan untuk vitamin B1, B5, B6, dan B9 tidak terdeteksi kadarnya. Sedangkan pengujian vitamin B7 dan B12 menggunakan Kromatografi Cair-Spektrometri Massa menunjukkan bahwa vitamin B7 fase yellow eel sebesar 58,35 µg/100 g; silver eel sebesar 10,61 µg/100 g; vitamin B12 fase yellow eel sebesar 0,52 µg/1...

Pendahuluan & Tujuan: Ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) memiliki keunggulan gizi atau nutrisi yang tinggi seperti vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, protein, mineral, dan asam lemak yang baik bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perbedaan kadar vitamin C ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) fase Glass eel, Yellow eel, dan Silver eel asal danau Poso dan muara sungai Palu. Bahan dan Metode: Pengujian kadar vitamin C menggunakan bahan berupa daging ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) fase Glass eel, Yellow eel, dan Silver eel dengan metode HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) dengan teknik Purposive Sampling yang berdasarkan ukuran, tempat dan fase ikan sebagai syarat untuk pengambilan sampel. Hasil: Ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) pada fase Glass eel, Yellow eel, dan Silver eel asal danau Poso dan muara sungai Palu tidak terdeteksi adanya kandungan vitamin C. Kesimpulan: Ikan sidat (Anguilla mar...

Pendahuluan & Tujuan: Ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata) memiliki keunggulan gizi atau nutrisi yang tinggi seperti protein, mineral, asam lemak dan salah satunya yaitu vitamin A. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk membandingkan jumlah kadar vitamin A ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata) fase glass eel, yellow eel , silver eel  asal Sungai Palu dan Danau Poso. Bahan dan Metode: Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu Ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata) berukuran Glass eel, Yellow eel, Silver eel yang berasal dari Sungai Palu dan Danau Poso, Ethanol, KOH, n-Hexane, BHT (Butil Hidroksil Toluen), Methanol. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling melihat berdasarkan jenis berat, ukuran dan lokasi pengambilan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT) dimana sebelumnya dilakukan uji saponifikasi (penyabunan) pada sampel ikan sidat. Hasil: Vitamin A pada ikan sidat asal Sungai Palu fase glass eel sebesar 4,01 mg/kg (1336,67 IU/100 gram), yellow eel sebesar 7...

Ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor) memiliki nilai gizi yang sangat tinggi antara lain vitamin larut air (B dan C) dan larut lemak A, D, E, dan K. Vitamin A merupakan salah satu vitamin yang diperlukan oleh tubuh untuk membantu pembentukan jaringan tubuh, tulang, meningkatkan penglihatan dan ketajaman mata, memelihara kesehatan kulit dan rambut, meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh, anti kanker dan katarak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kandungan vitamin A pada fase glass eel, yellow eel dan silver eel asal Danau Poso Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria seperti jenis (Anguilla bicolor) umur (4,5 – 10 tahun) dan panjang (55 mm – 30 cm ) asal Danau Poso Sulawesi Tengah. Pengujian vitamin A dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode KCKT (Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi). Kadar vitamin A ikan sidat fase Glass eel sebanyak 24,36 mcg/100g, Yellow eel 204,53 mcg/100g, dan Silver...

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become a worldwide health problem today. There are approximately 30 anti-HIV-1 drugs that have been used in the treatment of AIDS. However, effective anti HIV-1 agents with less side affect and high inhibition potency are still in demand. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the potential compounds from Zingiberaceae plants that might be active as anti-HIV-1 by molecular docking. Materials and Methods: Molecular docking simulation was performed by using AutoDock 4.2 on Linux operation system. Docking protocol was validated by using root mean square deviation (RMSD) value using redocking and cross-docking methods. The reported metabolites from Zingiberaceae plants were docked on HIV-1 protease, integrase, and reverse transcriptase protein enzymes. Results: The docking result showed that the genera of Zingiber, Etlingera, Alpinia, Hedychium, and Boesenbergia have potential metabolites that inhibit HIV protease, integrase, and reverse transcriptase enzymes by possessing lower docking energy than native ligand of amprenavir, raltegravir, and nevirapine. Among the metabolites, noralpindenoside B and alpindenoside A from Alpinia densespicata inhibited protease enzymes with the lowest docking energy of -18.02 and -17.90 kcal/mol, respectively. Meanwhile, panduratin E from Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb. and 5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol from Etlingera elatior showed the lowest docking energy on integrase protein with docking energy of -11.97 and -11.41 kcal/mol, respectively. Pahangensin A from Alpinia pahangensis Ridley showed the lowest docking energy on reverse transcriptase enzyme with docking energy of -13.76 kcal/mol. Conclusion: The docking molecular study has identified the possible potential compounds from Zingiberaceae plants that might be used for anti-HIV-1 treatment. So, this study suggested further isolation and purification of the predicted compounds.

This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites and the levels of total secondary metabolites in ethanol extract of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) fruit with UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) fruit extract was prepared by maceration method with 96% ethanol. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator that followed by a qualitative test for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins using suitable reagents with the test parameters, while for the qualitative assay using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Qualitative analysis of alkaloids using test parameters of total alkaloids equivalent to quinine, flavonoid using parameter of total flavonoids equivalent to quercetin, saponin using parameters of standard saponins total from the Quillaja Bark, and tannin using test parameters of total tannins equivalent to tannic acid. Qualitative test results indicated that the ethanol extract of Okra fruit tested positive for a...

Eel (Anguilla bicolor) is a fish that has high enough nutrients such as fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. This study aims to determine the composition and fatty acid levels of eel (Anguilla bicolor) in the elver and silver eel phases from the Palu River and Lake Poso. The research sampling technique using purposive sampling method based on type, weight, size and place of collection and samples were analyzed using the Gas Chromatography tool to transform extracts the fat into fatty acid methyl esters. The results of the analysis of fatty acid types of eel fish (Anguilla bicolor) in elver eel phase from Palu river and Lake Poso were respectively, saturated fatty acids 6.085g/100g and 5.543g/100g, monounsaturated fatty acids 5, 157g/100g and 7, 817g/100g, polyunsaturated fatty acids 1, 265g/100g and 1, 950g/100g. Whereas in the silver eel phase respectively, saturated fatty acids 3, 829 g/100g and 4, 177g/100g, monounsaturated fatty acids 2, 035g/100g and 2, 859g/100g, polyunsaturated fatty acids 3, 370 g/100g and 0, 524g/100g. The results showed that the fatty acid levels of the eels fish in the elver and silver eel phases from Palu River and Lake Poso in the elver eel phase were significantly different, namely myristic acid, miristoleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, for. While the silver eel phase the sample taken from Palu River and Poso Lake were significantly different, namely, lauric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and myristic acid.

Minyak goreng yang telah digunakan berulang kali akan mengalami kerusakan seperti peningkatan bilangan peroksida dan asam lemak bebas yang dapat menimbulkan bahaya bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini memvariasikan aktivator pada proses pembuatan karbon aktif ampas tahu yaitu NaCl 10%, Na2CO3 5% dan H3PO4 1M untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap kadar asam lemak bebas dan bilangan peroksida dalam minyak jelantah. Minyak yang digunakan adalah minyak goreng kemasan yang digunakan untuk menggoreng ikan kering, ikan basah, tahu-tempe dan daging ayam. Tahapan pemurnian minyak yaitu proses despising, netralisasi dan bleaching. Pengujian mengacu pada SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia) 7709:2012 sebagai syarat mutu minyak goreng. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar asam lemak bebas tertinggi dan terendah yang diperoleh yaitu 0,1925% dan 0,1473%, sedangkan bilangan peroksida tertinggi dan terendah yaitu 9,3203 meq O2/kg dan 4,3526 meq O2/kg. Aktivator yang paling berpengaruh pada penurunan kadar asam...

Ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) memiliki keunggulan gizi atau nutrisi yang tinggi seperti vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, protein, mineral, dan asam lemak yang baik bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar asam lemak, dan membandingkan komposisi asam lemak dari ikan sidat fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan danau Poso. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kromatografi gas dengan mengubah ekstrak lemak menjadi metil ester asam lemak. Hasil analisis komposisi asam lemak daging ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan Danau Poso menunjukan kadar asam lemak jenuh masing-masing 2,766g/100g dan 0,275g/100g; asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal 4,029g/100g dan 0,276g/100g; dan asam lemak tak jenuh ganda 0,541g/100g dan 0,102g/100g. Terdapat perbedaan secara statistik (p<0.05) komposisi dan kadar asam lemak antara daging ikan sidat fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan danau Poso. Komposisi asam lema...

Jotang kuda (Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.), gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm.f.) and pulutan (Urena lobata L.) leaves are used by several tribes in Central Sulawesi for the treatment of cancer. This study aims to determine the value of LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) of ethanol and water extracts from the S. nodiflora, J. gendarussa and U. lobata leaves and identify the class of chemical compounds contained in extracts with the highest toxicity. The ethanol extract was obtained by the maceration method using ethanol 96% and the water extract was obtained by the infusionmethod. The extract toxicity test was carried out byBrine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and dentification test was carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The toxicity test results (LC50) of 96% ethanol extract and water extract of S. nodiflora leaves were 395.60 μg/ml and 109.25 μg/ml; J. gendarussa leaves 713.34 μg/ml and 18.02 μg/ml; and U.lobata leaves 188.38 μg/ml and 85.37 μg/ml, respectively. The ...

Cleome gynandra L. is one of the plants that the people of Palu, Central Sulawesi use as food ingredients. This plant is empirically used in traditional medicine. This study aims to determine phytochemical constituents, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 96% ethanol extract of C. gynandra herb. C. gynandra herb extract was obtained by maceration. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract was carried out qualitatively according to the standard methods. Determination of total flavonoid using AlCl3 then determined by Spectrophotometric UV-Vis. Antioxidant activity using the DPPH method and determined IC50 value. Toxicity test was assessed using shrimp lethality as an indicator of toxicity. Phytochemical screening showed 96% ethanol extract containing alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins. Total flavonoid of the 96% ethanol extract was 4,778 ± 0,522 mg QE/g extract. Antioxidant activity (IC50) of the ethanol 96% extract was 189,455 µg/m...

Background & Objective: Vitamins are complex organic substances that are needed by the body in small amounts, usually cannot be synthesized by the body but are important in metabolic processes one of which is vitamin B. Vitamin B consists of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12. Eel is one of the fish that has a high nutrient content, one of which is vitamin B. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12) in Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Elver phase from Lake Poso. Material and Methods: Determination of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6 and B9 using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), and vitamin B12 using LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) . Results: The levels of vitamin B2, B3 and B12is 0.133 mg/100g, 1.895 mg/100g, and 0.017mg/100g, whereas in vitamin B1, B6 and B9 is not detected. Conclusion: Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Elver phase from Lake Poso can be used as a source of vitamins B2, B3 and B12.

Background & Objective: Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata) has high nutritional or nutrition advantages such as protein, minerals, fatty acids and one of them is vitamin A. This study aims to compare the amount vitamin A of eel fish (Anguilla marmorata) phase glass eel, yellow eel, silver eel from Palu River and Lake Poso.  Materials and Methods: The materials used in this research are eel fish (Anguilla marmorata) Glass eel, Yellow eel, Silver eel size from Palu River and Lake Poso, Ethanol, KOH, n-Hexane, BHT (Butyl Hydroxyl Toluene), Methanol. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling based on the type of weight, size and location of the taking. The method used is High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) where previously conducted saponification test (saponification) on sample of eel fish. Results: The result of vitamin A test on eel fish from Palu River phase of glass eel is 4.01 mg / kg (1336,67 IU / 100 gram), yellow eel 7,26 mg / kg (2420 IU / 100 gram), silver eel equal...

Background & Objective: Sidat Fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) has high nutrition or nutritional advantages such as vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, protein, minerals, and fatty acids that are good for health. This research was purposed decide the difference of the vitamin c level of Sidat Fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard), Glass eel fase, Yellow eel and Silver eel from poso lake and estuary of Palu River.  Materials and Methods: The testing of vitamin c using substance the meet of Sidat Fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) Glass eel fase, Yellow eel and Silver eel, vitamin C, metaphospat acid and aquadest with the HPLC method (High Perfomance Liquid Chromatography) with Purposive Sampling technique seen based on the size, place, and fish fase as the requirement for the sample taking. Results: The result showed that Sidat Fish (Angilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) with Glass eel fase, Yellow eel and Silver eel from Poso lake and estuary of Palu river wa...

Burm.f. has been known to have anti-HIV activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of incubation time on the antiviral activity of the leaves extract on HIV-infected MT-4 cells . Molecular docking test was also conducted to determine the interaction of alkaloids and flavonoids on the leaves against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase receptor. It is expected that this research will provide scientific information on the development of leaves as an anti-HIV drug. In the activity test, the effect of incubation time on the antiviral activity of leaves on HIV-infected MT-4 cells were evaluated. During the activity test, a parameter of cytolysis effect inhibition on MT-4 cell line was observed after 4 days and 6 days incubation period. The molecular docking test is performed by using Molegro Virtual Docker software to determine the interaction of alkaloid and flavonoid compounds of leaves with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase receptor. The incubation time influences the CC and EC value....

Burm.f. has an anti-HIV activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of incubation periods on the cytotoxicity and virucidal activities of the leaves extract on MOLT-4 cells. The cytotoxicity assay was evaluated by using the WST-1 test with incubation periods of 3 days and 5 days. The virucidal activity test was determined by measuring the inhibitory activities on the syncytium formation. The cytotoxicity assay showed the value of CC on MOLT-4 cell culture with the test material of 70% ethanol extract of leaves as much as 3928.620 µg /mL and 3176.581 µg /mL (incubation day 3 and day 5, respectively); fractionated-70% ethanol extract = 81782.428 µg /mL and 12175.870 µg/mL; and water extract = 16372.689 µg/mL and 2946.117 µg/mL. The test results of the virucidal activities (inhibit ≥ 90% the formation of syncytium) of 70% ethanol extract of leaves is at a concentration 250 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL (3-day incubation) and 250 µg/mL (5-day incubation); and fractionat...

Backgrounds: Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. has been known to have anti-HIV activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of incubation time on the antiviral activity of the J. gendarussa leaves extract on HIV-infected MT-4 cells in vitro. Molecular docking test was also conducted to determine the interaction of alkaloids and flavonoids on the J. gendarussa leaves against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase receptor. It is expected that this research will provide scientific information on the development of J. gendarussa leaves as an anti-HIV drug.
Materials and Methods: In the activity test, the effect of incubation time on the antiviral activity of J. gendarussa leaves on HIV-infected MT-4 cells were evaluated. During the activity test, a parameter of cytolysis effect inhibition on MT-4 cell line was observed after 4 days and 6 days incubation period. The molecular docking test is performed by using Molegro Virtual Docker software to determine the interaction of alkaloid and flavonoid compounds of J. gendarussa leaves with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase receptor.
Results: The incubation time influences the CC50 and EC50 value. Fractionated-70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves showed a higher anti-HIV activity with EC50 = 3.045 x 10-9 μg/mL, SI = 6.309 x 1012 (4 days of incubation) and EC50 = 6.066 μg/mL, SI = 58494.845 (6 days of incubation). From molecular docking test, it was found that flavonoid of J. gendarussa leaves could inhibit the activity of HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme.
Conclusion: Fractionated-70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa has potential as an anti-HIV.

Backgrounds: Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. has been known to have anti-HIV activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of incubation time on the antiviral activity of the J. gendarussa leaves extract on HIV-infected MT-4 cells in vitro. Molecular docking test was also conducted to determine the interaction of alkaloids and flavonoids on the J. gendarussa leaves against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase receptor. It is expected that this research will provide scientific information on the development of J. gendarussa leaves as an anti-HIV drug.
Materials and Methods: In the activity test, the effect of incubation time on the antiviral activity of J. gendarussa leaves on HIV-infected MT-4 cells were evaluated. During the activity test, a parameter of cytolysis effect inhibition on MT-4 cell line was observed after 4 days and 6 days incubation period. The molecular docking test is performed by using Molegro Virtual Docker software to determine the interaction of alkaloid and flavonoid compounds of J. gendarussa leaves with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase receptor.
Results: The incubation time influences the CC50 and EC50 value. Fractionated-70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves showed a higher anti-HIV activity with EC50 = 3.045 x 10-9 μg/mL, SI = 6.309 x 1012 (4 days of incubation) and EC50 = 6.066 μg/mL, SI = 58494.845 (6 days of incubation). From molecular docking test, it was found that flavonoid of J. gendarussa leaves could inhibit the activity of HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme.
Conclusion: Fractionated-70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa has potential as an anti-HIV.