In light of global warming, pre-treatment plants with antioxidants may reduce the damage caused b... more In light of global warming, pre-treatment plants with antioxidants may reduce the damage caused by climatic changes. Indian almond seedlings were planted in pots subjected to ascorbic acid and potassium chloride alone or combined to reduce the negative impact of high field temperature. Compared with the control, all treatments improved the plant height, branch number, number of leaves, and leaf area. These treatments reduced loss in concentration of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid. Heat stress increased abscisic acid content and electrolyte leakage percentage, whereas the application of ascorbic acid alleviated this damage. Indian almond plants can better withstand high temperatures particularly using ascorbic acid treatments at 50 mg l−1 or treatment of ascorbic acid at 50 mg l−1 + potassium chloride at 250 mg l−1 to reduce heat stress damage.
Embryogenic suspension cultures of Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) allow mass propagation of s... more Embryogenic suspension cultures of Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) allow mass propagation of somatic embryos; Partial desiccation (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours) and low temperature (0 °C for 2 hr, 0 °C for 4 hr, 4 °C for 24 hr and 4 °C for 48 hr) treatments were applied to improve germination of somatic embryos in vitro of date palm cultivar Berhi with or without AC. The highest germination percentage was achieved when embryos were desiccated for three hours as well as treatment of low temperature in 4 °C for 24 hr. Also, the results proved that found activated charcoal (AC) in liquid media produced the highest somatic embryos number and weight and improving percentage of germination. Further, Partial desiccation and low temperature increased embryos proline content. The improvement of the germination of somatic embryos via low temperature and especially via partial desiccation embryos somatic is successful can be used for the purpose of commercial propagation especially for Berhi cult...
The experiment was conducted in the Abi Al-Khaseeb orchard, Basrah, Iraq, during the 2019 season,... more The experiment was conducted in the Abi Al-Khaseeb orchard, Basrah, Iraq, during the 2019 season, on date palm (‘Hillawi’). The effect of foliar nano-fertilizer on the response of the growth and fruit ripening rate was positive. Adding nano-fertilizer to the annual date palm fertilization program improved growth and increased production. A comparison was done of foliar-applied NPK (traditional; 1 and 2 g·L−1), nano-fertilizer, and a combined treatment. The results revealed that the treatment of traditional foliar fertilizer and nano-fertilizer together increased the weight of fruit and bunches, water content, indoleacetic acid, and gibberellic acid relative to other treatments. Nano-fertilizers (1 g·L−1) led to an increase in fruit ripening rate, dry mass, total soluble solids, activity of the enzymes peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and abscisic acid content. The leaflet protein expression shows that the appearance of protein bands 1 to 5 and 6 was upregulated by the control an...
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2017
Embryogenic suspension cultures of date palm are ideal for mass propagation of somatic embryos; h... more Embryogenic suspension cultures of date palm are ideal for mass propagation of somatic embryos; however, the low percentage of germination of somatic embryos (SE) remains an impediment. This chapter focuses on two important physical factors to improve germination of date palm somatic embryos: the use of partial desiccation (3 h) of somatic embryos and the exposure to low temperature (4 °C for 24 h). High germination percentage (41%) is achieved by desiccation for 3 h. Moreover, adding 0.3 g/L activated charcoal (AC) to the liquid medium further improves somatic embryo number and weight as well as the percentage of germination. Moreover, partial desiccation and low temperature exposure tend to increase proline content. This improved protocol for somatic embryo germination is potentially applicable for commercial micropropagation of date palm.
Salicylic acid enhances the flowering process in the plant by creating new proteins under salinit... more Salicylic acid enhances the flowering process in the plant by creating new proteins under salinity stress. The study was to determine the role of salicylic acid (500 ppm) and potassium nitrate (1500 ppm), on flowering of date palm ‘Sayer’ offshoots under salinity effect. Application of salicylic acid increased the number of clusters, the number of new leaves, the content of carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, indoleacetic acid, zeatin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid significantly under salinity compared with control. Although the measured parameters were the highest in plants treated with salicylic acid, there was no distinction among potassium nitrate treatment under saltwater, and salicylic acid treatment with saltwater. Salicylic acid and potassium nitrate treatment demonstrated some amazing contrasts in protein patterns in light of gel electrophoresis. Plants treated with salicylic acid with fresh water and with saltwater showed five and six protein bands, respectively, that differed ...
In light of global warming, pre-treatment plants with antioxidants may reduce the damage caused b... more In light of global warming, pre-treatment plants with antioxidants may reduce the damage caused by climatic changes. Indian almond seedlings were planted in pots subjected to ascorbic acid and potassium chloride alone or combined to reduce the negative impact of high field temperature. Compared with the control, all treatments improved the plant height, branch number, number of leaves, and leaf area. These treatments reduced loss in concentration of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid. Heat stress increased abscisic acid content and electrolyte leakage percentage, whereas the application of ascorbic acid alleviated this damage. Indian almond plants can better withstand high temperatures particularly using ascorbic acid treatments at 50 mg l-1 or treatment of ascorbic acid at 50 mg l-1 + potassium chloride at 250 mg l-1 to reduce heat stress damage.
In light of global warming, adapting plants to a new area may reduce the damage of climatic chang... more In light of global warming, adapting plants to a new area may reduce the damage of climatic changes. Indian almond seedlings were planted in pots subjected to calcium and potassium (250 and 500 mg l-1) to reduce the negative impact of high field temperature. Compared with the control, all treatments improved the height plant, branch numbers, leaf numbers, and leaf area. The treatments increased total chlorophyll and carotenoid. However, the treatments modulated proline, total soluble carbohydrate, phenolic, and ascorbic acid contents. Heat stress increased abscisic acid content and electrolyte leakage percentage, whereas calcium and potassium treatments decreased abscisic acid and electrolyte leakage. The treatments modulated protein profile in the number of proteins separated into bands on the gel. The thickness and density of these bands indicate differences in the molecular weights of proteins by treatments. The seedlings responded to heat stress during the second week of July, and the untreated plants were more responsive to the temperature rise than the treated plants. The adaptability of the Indian almond during the summer in semi-tropical regions to high temperatures by using calcium and potassium to reduce heat stress damage on the plant.
This experiment has studied the role of Trichoderma harzianum (TH-fertilizer) at 30 and 60 g kg-1... more This experiment has studied the role of Trichoderma harzianum (TH-fertilizer) at 30 and 60 g kg-1 soil to improve the tolerance of date palm seedlings (Barhee cv.) against different salinity levels at 0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl in sandy soils. Salt stress reduced plant height, root length, and leaf and root numbers. On the other hand, TH-fertilizer improved these parameters and the chlorophyll and dry matter. Application of 60 g kg-1 soi-1 had a better effect on seedling growth than 30 g kg soil-1. Salt treatments increased the malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide content, which was decreased with TH-fertilizer treatments. TH-fertilizer increased proline, soluble proteins, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase enzyme, K, and Na/K ratio, whereas abscisic acid decreased under salt stress. Therefore, TH-fertilizer has effectively adjusted plant growth under such conditions. following review seeks to shed some light on certain specifics about the biology, pathogenicity, physical traits, and significant secreted metabolites of the hosts of this fungus.
Salty sandy soil usually hinders plant growth, while spraying nano-fertilizers such as iron and z... more Salty sandy soil usually hinders plant growth, while spraying nano-fertilizers such as iron and zinc enhances plant growth. This experiment investigated the role of iron and zinc nano-fertilizers (1 g l-1) in the adaptation of date palm seedlings (cv. Barhee) subjected to salt stress (0, 75, 150 mM NaCl). Nano-fertilizer increased plant height, length of roots, number of leaves, and roots. In contrast, salt stress led to reducing these parameters. Salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and antioxidants such as soluble proteins, proline, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase enzyme in the leaves. Abscisic acid also increased. Nano-fertilizers increased the chlorophyll and dry matter of the plant under salt stress. Nano-iron induced better seedling growth than nano-zinc, especially in the length of the roots. Nano-iron under salt stress increased iron and potassium concentration and K/Na ratio in leaves. Nano-fertilizers help the plant adapt to environmental stresses, and seedlings succeed in growing in saline sandy soils.
Thermal stress, associated with salinity or drought stress is more damaging to the anatomical cha... more Thermal stress, associated with salinity or drought stress is more damaging to the anatomical characteristics of the plant than the single factor. Leaves and roots from annual young date palm offshoots used as experimental materials. The results showed that the drought decreased thickness of blade, mesophyll, and vascular bundle in July and September. Whereas the irrigation with fresh water on September increased blade, mesophyll, and vascular bundle thickness. The salinity increased upper epidermal of the leaflet in July whereas the freshwater decreased upper epidermal of the leaflet in September. The lower epidermal affected with salinity in May and July. However, drought increased cuticle thickness in July compared to other treatments. The drought, salinity and thermal stress caused the damage roots of the date palm. The freshwater increased epidermis and the cortical thickness at all months. Whereas drought and salinity decreased epidermis and cortical thickness. However, the drought increased endodermis and sclerenchyma thickness, and vascular thickness compared to fresh water. The critical factor in the effect of drought stress associated with thermal stress is drought stress, and recovery of the tissue does not occur with the presence of drought stress despite the removal of thermal stress.
Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A field experiment was carried out on date... more Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A field experiment was carried out on date palm offshoots to improve the salt tolerance of the Sayer cultivar. Salicylic acid and citric acid (500 and 1,000 ppm) were used. The results showed that all growth parameters of plant height, leaf area, and leaf numbers decreased under the salinity conditions. The antioxidant applications increased the plant height, leaf area, carbohydrates, and relative water content compared with the control. Citric acid at 1,000 ppm decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde. Indoleacetic acid decreased, whereas abscisic acid increased under salinity. The antioxidant application increased indoleacetic, whereas abscisic acid decreased. Proline, protein content, and peroxidase activity increased under antioxidants. Also, the potassium and K/Na ratio increased under antioxidant applications. Citric acid improved the characteristics more than salicylic acid, encouraging farmers to use it for its ...
Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A fi eld experiment was carried out on dat... more Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A fi eld experiment was carried out on date palm offshoots to improve the salt tolerance of the Sayer cultivar. Salicylic acid and citric acid (500 and 1,000 ppm) were used. The results showed that all growth parameters of plant height, leaf area, and leaf numbers decreased under the salinity conditions. The antioxidant applications increased the plant height, leaf area, carbohydrates, and relative water content compared with the control. Citric acid at 1,000 ppm decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde. Indoleacetic acid decreased, whereas abscisic acid increased under salinity. The antioxidant application increased indoleacetic, whereas abscisic acid decreased. Proline, protein content, and peroxidase activity increased under antioxidants. Also, the potassium and K/Na ratio increased under antioxidant applications. Citric acid improved the characteristics more than salicylic acid, encouraging farmers to use it for its low cost as an antioxidant to reduce environmental stress damage.
Foliar fertilization is one of the crucial ways for continued cultivation of date palm, obtaining... more Foliar fertilization is one of the crucial ways for continued cultivation of date palm, obtaining the best results of growth and production, in addition to the possibility to reduce damage from abiotic stress. Although subjected date palm to an annual fertilization program, it faces some challenges, including low soil availability for nutrients, dryness of the soil surface, low root activity in the breeding period, soil alkalinity, as well as water scarcity in areas of cultivation, and symptoms of deficiency of some elements. This review attempts to shed light on the importance of using leaf fertilization, demonstrating the successful technique and positive results, and proving the ability of date palm cells to absorb nutrients, similar to other trees, and interact with chemical and biological fertilizers. Besides, the leaflet’s possibility of absorbing various nutrients, chelated iron, biostimulants, antioxidants, and nano-fertilization, are presented.
Increasing world temperatures are bringing about climate changes creating abiotic stress in plant... more Increasing world temperatures are bringing about climate changes creating abiotic stress in plants. Date palm offshoot leaves (Khadrawi cv.) were analyzed for chlorophyll Chl a, Chl b, Total Chl, Chl a/b ratio, anthocyanin and carotenoid subject to salinity, drought and temperature stress under field conditions. Results demonstrated that drought and salinity stress accompanied by high temperatures in July and August significantly reduced the Chl a, Chl b, and Total Chl relative to the control. Anthocyanins, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde were markedly higher in July and August (45 ºC), whereas September showed lower values in these substances. Temperature reduction to 35 °C accompanied by drought or salinity stress, brought about a critical increment in relative water content and a decrease in electrolyte leakage. Although the impact of drought and salinity stress continued, the reduced temperatures in September resulted in a reduction of abscisic acid and proli...
The date palm can grow in desert areas using high salinity groundwater by increasing the number o... more The date palm can grow in desert areas using high salinity groundwater by increasing the number of irrigation cycles. A field experiment was carried out on date palm cv. Sayer offshoots grown in sandy saline soil during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The outcomes demonstrated that the application of saline (10 dS m–1) groundwater every four days increased plant height, number of new leaves, total chlorophyll, and relative water content. In turn, the hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage were reduced. Also, the effect of this treatment improved the growth of the plants, thus reduced the absorption of sodium, chloride, and increased potassium, then decreased the Na/K ratio. Cluster analysis showed two distinct cluster groups. In the first group, the dissimilarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of freshwater. While the second group showed the similarity between the treatments of four days and every week in the subgroup. Whereas treatmen...
In light of global warming, pre-treatment plants with antioxidants may reduce the damage caused b... more In light of global warming, pre-treatment plants with antioxidants may reduce the damage caused by climatic changes. Indian almond seedlings were planted in pots subjected to ascorbic acid and potassium chloride alone or combined to reduce the negative impact of high field temperature. Compared with the control, all treatments improved the plant height, branch number, number of leaves, and leaf area. These treatments reduced loss in concentration of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid. Heat stress increased abscisic acid content and electrolyte leakage percentage, whereas the application of ascorbic acid alleviated this damage. Indian almond plants can better withstand high temperatures particularly using ascorbic acid treatments at 50 mg l−1 or treatment of ascorbic acid at 50 mg l−1 + potassium chloride at 250 mg l−1 to reduce heat stress damage.
Embryogenic suspension cultures of Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) allow mass propagation of s... more Embryogenic suspension cultures of Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) allow mass propagation of somatic embryos; Partial desiccation (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours) and low temperature (0 °C for 2 hr, 0 °C for 4 hr, 4 °C for 24 hr and 4 °C for 48 hr) treatments were applied to improve germination of somatic embryos in vitro of date palm cultivar Berhi with or without AC. The highest germination percentage was achieved when embryos were desiccated for three hours as well as treatment of low temperature in 4 °C for 24 hr. Also, the results proved that found activated charcoal (AC) in liquid media produced the highest somatic embryos number and weight and improving percentage of germination. Further, Partial desiccation and low temperature increased embryos proline content. The improvement of the germination of somatic embryos via low temperature and especially via partial desiccation embryos somatic is successful can be used for the purpose of commercial propagation especially for Berhi cult...
The experiment was conducted in the Abi Al-Khaseeb orchard, Basrah, Iraq, during the 2019 season,... more The experiment was conducted in the Abi Al-Khaseeb orchard, Basrah, Iraq, during the 2019 season, on date palm (‘Hillawi’). The effect of foliar nano-fertilizer on the response of the growth and fruit ripening rate was positive. Adding nano-fertilizer to the annual date palm fertilization program improved growth and increased production. A comparison was done of foliar-applied NPK (traditional; 1 and 2 g·L−1), nano-fertilizer, and a combined treatment. The results revealed that the treatment of traditional foliar fertilizer and nano-fertilizer together increased the weight of fruit and bunches, water content, indoleacetic acid, and gibberellic acid relative to other treatments. Nano-fertilizers (1 g·L−1) led to an increase in fruit ripening rate, dry mass, total soluble solids, activity of the enzymes peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and abscisic acid content. The leaflet protein expression shows that the appearance of protein bands 1 to 5 and 6 was upregulated by the control an...
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2017
Embryogenic suspension cultures of date palm are ideal for mass propagation of somatic embryos; h... more Embryogenic suspension cultures of date palm are ideal for mass propagation of somatic embryos; however, the low percentage of germination of somatic embryos (SE) remains an impediment. This chapter focuses on two important physical factors to improve germination of date palm somatic embryos: the use of partial desiccation (3 h) of somatic embryos and the exposure to low temperature (4 °C for 24 h). High germination percentage (41%) is achieved by desiccation for 3 h. Moreover, adding 0.3 g/L activated charcoal (AC) to the liquid medium further improves somatic embryo number and weight as well as the percentage of germination. Moreover, partial desiccation and low temperature exposure tend to increase proline content. This improved protocol for somatic embryo germination is potentially applicable for commercial micropropagation of date palm.
Salicylic acid enhances the flowering process in the plant by creating new proteins under salinit... more Salicylic acid enhances the flowering process in the plant by creating new proteins under salinity stress. The study was to determine the role of salicylic acid (500 ppm) and potassium nitrate (1500 ppm), on flowering of date palm ‘Sayer’ offshoots under salinity effect. Application of salicylic acid increased the number of clusters, the number of new leaves, the content of carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, indoleacetic acid, zeatin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid significantly under salinity compared with control. Although the measured parameters were the highest in plants treated with salicylic acid, there was no distinction among potassium nitrate treatment under saltwater, and salicylic acid treatment with saltwater. Salicylic acid and potassium nitrate treatment demonstrated some amazing contrasts in protein patterns in light of gel electrophoresis. Plants treated with salicylic acid with fresh water and with saltwater showed five and six protein bands, respectively, that differed ...
In light of global warming, pre-treatment plants with antioxidants may reduce the damage caused b... more In light of global warming, pre-treatment plants with antioxidants may reduce the damage caused by climatic changes. Indian almond seedlings were planted in pots subjected to ascorbic acid and potassium chloride alone or combined to reduce the negative impact of high field temperature. Compared with the control, all treatments improved the plant height, branch number, number of leaves, and leaf area. These treatments reduced loss in concentration of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid. Heat stress increased abscisic acid content and electrolyte leakage percentage, whereas the application of ascorbic acid alleviated this damage. Indian almond plants can better withstand high temperatures particularly using ascorbic acid treatments at 50 mg l-1 or treatment of ascorbic acid at 50 mg l-1 + potassium chloride at 250 mg l-1 to reduce heat stress damage.
In light of global warming, adapting plants to a new area may reduce the damage of climatic chang... more In light of global warming, adapting plants to a new area may reduce the damage of climatic changes. Indian almond seedlings were planted in pots subjected to calcium and potassium (250 and 500 mg l-1) to reduce the negative impact of high field temperature. Compared with the control, all treatments improved the height plant, branch numbers, leaf numbers, and leaf area. The treatments increased total chlorophyll and carotenoid. However, the treatments modulated proline, total soluble carbohydrate, phenolic, and ascorbic acid contents. Heat stress increased abscisic acid content and electrolyte leakage percentage, whereas calcium and potassium treatments decreased abscisic acid and electrolyte leakage. The treatments modulated protein profile in the number of proteins separated into bands on the gel. The thickness and density of these bands indicate differences in the molecular weights of proteins by treatments. The seedlings responded to heat stress during the second week of July, and the untreated plants were more responsive to the temperature rise than the treated plants. The adaptability of the Indian almond during the summer in semi-tropical regions to high temperatures by using calcium and potassium to reduce heat stress damage on the plant.
This experiment has studied the role of Trichoderma harzianum (TH-fertilizer) at 30 and 60 g kg-1... more This experiment has studied the role of Trichoderma harzianum (TH-fertilizer) at 30 and 60 g kg-1 soil to improve the tolerance of date palm seedlings (Barhee cv.) against different salinity levels at 0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl in sandy soils. Salt stress reduced plant height, root length, and leaf and root numbers. On the other hand, TH-fertilizer improved these parameters and the chlorophyll and dry matter. Application of 60 g kg-1 soi-1 had a better effect on seedling growth than 30 g kg soil-1. Salt treatments increased the malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide content, which was decreased with TH-fertilizer treatments. TH-fertilizer increased proline, soluble proteins, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase enzyme, K, and Na/K ratio, whereas abscisic acid decreased under salt stress. Therefore, TH-fertilizer has effectively adjusted plant growth under such conditions. following review seeks to shed some light on certain specifics about the biology, pathogenicity, physical traits, and significant secreted metabolites of the hosts of this fungus.
Salty sandy soil usually hinders plant growth, while spraying nano-fertilizers such as iron and z... more Salty sandy soil usually hinders plant growth, while spraying nano-fertilizers such as iron and zinc enhances plant growth. This experiment investigated the role of iron and zinc nano-fertilizers (1 g l-1) in the adaptation of date palm seedlings (cv. Barhee) subjected to salt stress (0, 75, 150 mM NaCl). Nano-fertilizer increased plant height, length of roots, number of leaves, and roots. In contrast, salt stress led to reducing these parameters. Salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and antioxidants such as soluble proteins, proline, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase enzyme in the leaves. Abscisic acid also increased. Nano-fertilizers increased the chlorophyll and dry matter of the plant under salt stress. Nano-iron induced better seedling growth than nano-zinc, especially in the length of the roots. Nano-iron under salt stress increased iron and potassium concentration and K/Na ratio in leaves. Nano-fertilizers help the plant adapt to environmental stresses, and seedlings succeed in growing in saline sandy soils.
Thermal stress, associated with salinity or drought stress is more damaging to the anatomical cha... more Thermal stress, associated with salinity or drought stress is more damaging to the anatomical characteristics of the plant than the single factor. Leaves and roots from annual young date palm offshoots used as experimental materials. The results showed that the drought decreased thickness of blade, mesophyll, and vascular bundle in July and September. Whereas the irrigation with fresh water on September increased blade, mesophyll, and vascular bundle thickness. The salinity increased upper epidermal of the leaflet in July whereas the freshwater decreased upper epidermal of the leaflet in September. The lower epidermal affected with salinity in May and July. However, drought increased cuticle thickness in July compared to other treatments. The drought, salinity and thermal stress caused the damage roots of the date palm. The freshwater increased epidermis and the cortical thickness at all months. Whereas drought and salinity decreased epidermis and cortical thickness. However, the drought increased endodermis and sclerenchyma thickness, and vascular thickness compared to fresh water. The critical factor in the effect of drought stress associated with thermal stress is drought stress, and recovery of the tissue does not occur with the presence of drought stress despite the removal of thermal stress.
Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A field experiment was carried out on date... more Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A field experiment was carried out on date palm offshoots to improve the salt tolerance of the Sayer cultivar. Salicylic acid and citric acid (500 and 1,000 ppm) were used. The results showed that all growth parameters of plant height, leaf area, and leaf numbers decreased under the salinity conditions. The antioxidant applications increased the plant height, leaf area, carbohydrates, and relative water content compared with the control. Citric acid at 1,000 ppm decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde. Indoleacetic acid decreased, whereas abscisic acid increased under salinity. The antioxidant application increased indoleacetic, whereas abscisic acid decreased. Proline, protein content, and peroxidase activity increased under antioxidants. Also, the potassium and K/Na ratio increased under antioxidant applications. Citric acid improved the characteristics more than salicylic acid, encouraging farmers to use it for its ...
Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A fi eld experiment was carried out on dat... more Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A fi eld experiment was carried out on date palm offshoots to improve the salt tolerance of the Sayer cultivar. Salicylic acid and citric acid (500 and 1,000 ppm) were used. The results showed that all growth parameters of plant height, leaf area, and leaf numbers decreased under the salinity conditions. The antioxidant applications increased the plant height, leaf area, carbohydrates, and relative water content compared with the control. Citric acid at 1,000 ppm decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde. Indoleacetic acid decreased, whereas abscisic acid increased under salinity. The antioxidant application increased indoleacetic, whereas abscisic acid decreased. Proline, protein content, and peroxidase activity increased under antioxidants. Also, the potassium and K/Na ratio increased under antioxidant applications. Citric acid improved the characteristics more than salicylic acid, encouraging farmers to use it for its low cost as an antioxidant to reduce environmental stress damage.
Foliar fertilization is one of the crucial ways for continued cultivation of date palm, obtaining... more Foliar fertilization is one of the crucial ways for continued cultivation of date palm, obtaining the best results of growth and production, in addition to the possibility to reduce damage from abiotic stress. Although subjected date palm to an annual fertilization program, it faces some challenges, including low soil availability for nutrients, dryness of the soil surface, low root activity in the breeding period, soil alkalinity, as well as water scarcity in areas of cultivation, and symptoms of deficiency of some elements. This review attempts to shed light on the importance of using leaf fertilization, demonstrating the successful technique and positive results, and proving the ability of date palm cells to absorb nutrients, similar to other trees, and interact with chemical and biological fertilizers. Besides, the leaflet’s possibility of absorbing various nutrients, chelated iron, biostimulants, antioxidants, and nano-fertilization, are presented.
Increasing world temperatures are bringing about climate changes creating abiotic stress in plant... more Increasing world temperatures are bringing about climate changes creating abiotic stress in plants. Date palm offshoot leaves (Khadrawi cv.) were analyzed for chlorophyll Chl a, Chl b, Total Chl, Chl a/b ratio, anthocyanin and carotenoid subject to salinity, drought and temperature stress under field conditions. Results demonstrated that drought and salinity stress accompanied by high temperatures in July and August significantly reduced the Chl a, Chl b, and Total Chl relative to the control. Anthocyanins, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde were markedly higher in July and August (45 ºC), whereas September showed lower values in these substances. Temperature reduction to 35 °C accompanied by drought or salinity stress, brought about a critical increment in relative water content and a decrease in electrolyte leakage. Although the impact of drought and salinity stress continued, the reduced temperatures in September resulted in a reduction of abscisic acid and proli...
The date palm can grow in desert areas using high salinity groundwater by increasing the number o... more The date palm can grow in desert areas using high salinity groundwater by increasing the number of irrigation cycles. A field experiment was carried out on date palm cv. Sayer offshoots grown in sandy saline soil during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The outcomes demonstrated that the application of saline (10 dS m–1) groundwater every four days increased plant height, number of new leaves, total chlorophyll, and relative water content. In turn, the hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage were reduced. Also, the effect of this treatment improved the growth of the plants, thus reduced the absorption of sodium, chloride, and increased potassium, then decreased the Na/K ratio. Cluster analysis showed two distinct cluster groups. In the first group, the dissimilarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of freshwater. While the second group showed the similarity between the treatments of four days and every week in the subgroup. Whereas treatmen...
Uploads
Papers by Hussein Shareef