Aquatic landscapes such as rivers, lakes, and seas played an important role in past human behavio... more Aquatic landscapes such as rivers, lakes, and seas played an important role in past human behaviour, affecting modes of subsistence, patterns of mobility, access to material resources, and technological choices and their developments. The interaction with aquatic landscapes was also influential in the establishment of economic and social structures and in the formation of communal identities. The aim of this special themed issue of Internet Archaeology is to contribute to a better understanding of different forms of human interaction with aquatic landscapes. A brief summary is given below of all issue contributions.
The purpose of this study was to biomechanically describe the front crawl flip turn technique of ... more The purpose of this study was to biomechanically describe the front crawl flip turn technique of an elite male swimmer using and integrating dynamometric, kinematical and electromyographic (EMG) data. Surface active bipolar electrodes, two underwater and four surface fixed ...
ABSTRACT "Our purpose was to describe physical and training background characteristics o... more ABSTRACT "Our purpose was to describe physical and training background characteristics of Water Polo players and compare them according to their specialized playing positions. The International Working Group of Kinanthropometry guidelines were followed. A one-way unvaried measure ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc was used to develop a multiple comparisons procedure between the specialized playing positions (α=0.05). It was concluded that the center players presented tendency for the highest values in 8 of the 10 parameters studied. Center backs are older than the drivers and center forwards have a higher BMI than the wingers and the goalkeepers. The somatotype is balanced mesomorph. Center forwards and Drivers tend to get closer endomorphy when compared with the remaining positions. KEY WORDS: Anthropometry, specialized playing position."
The relationship between handgrip isometric strength and swimming performance was assessed in the... more The relationship between handgrip isometric strength and swimming performance was assessed in the four competitive swimming strokes in swimmers of different age groups and of both sexes. 78 national-level Portuguese swimmers (39 males, 39 females) were selected for this study. Grip strength, previously used as a marker of overall strength to predict future swimming performance, was measured using a hand dynamometer. The best competitive time at 100 and 200 m in all four swimming strokes were converted into 2010 FINA points. Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate differences between groups. Pearson product-moment correlations were computed to verify the association between variables. Handgrip maximum isometric strength was significantly correlated with swimming performance, particularly among female swimmers. Among female age group swimmers, the relationship between handgrip and 100-m freestyle was significant. Handgrip isometric strength seems to be related to swimming performance, especially to 100-m freestyle and in female swimmers. For all other distances and strokes, technique and training probably are more influential than semi-hereditary strength markers such as grip strength.
RESUMO O presente estudo discute a necessidade de se repensar a abordagem tradicional do ensino d... more RESUMO O presente estudo discute a necessidade de se repensar a abordagem tradicional do ensino da Natação. A Natação, como disciplina desportiva, é uma actividade multidisciplinar, a qual pode ser extremamente rica ao nível da experimentação motora e ...
Our purpose was to demonstrate that 30-s tethered swimming test can be a useful tool to estimate ... more Our purpose was to demonstrate that 30-s tethered swimming test can be a useful tool to estimate swimming performance in short distance freestyle events. Thirteen high level adolescent swimmers (7 male and 6 female of 16.6 ± 1.0 and 15.8 ± 0.8 years old) performed a 30-s maximum effort in front crawl tethered swimming. Afterward, subjects completed 50-m and 100-m freestyle events at the National Championships. Both maximum and mean force values obtained in the tethered test related directly with 50-m (r = .78 and r = .72, p < .01, respectively) and 100-m freestyle velocities (r = .63 and r = .61, p < .05, respectively). Fatigue index did not present a significant relationship with any of the studied performance variables. However, a proposed parameter--fatigue slope-correlated with 50-m (r = -.75, p < .01), 100-m performances (r = -.57, p < .05) and with r[La-] (r = -.90, p < .01). It is concluded that, for adolescent swimmers, values obtained from 30-s tethered test are well related with swimming performance in sprint events. In addition, fatigue slope seems to be more associated with swimming performance in short distance events than fatigue index.
Aquatic landscapes such as rivers, lakes, and seas played an important role in past human behavio... more Aquatic landscapes such as rivers, lakes, and seas played an important role in past human behaviour, affecting modes of subsistence, patterns of mobility, access to material resources, and technological choices and their developments. The interaction with aquatic landscapes was also influential in the establishment of economic and social structures and in the formation of communal identities. The aim of this special themed issue of Internet Archaeology is to contribute to a better understanding of different forms of human interaction with aquatic landscapes. A brief summary is given below of all issue contributions.
The purpose of this study was to biomechanically describe the front crawl flip turn technique of ... more The purpose of this study was to biomechanically describe the front crawl flip turn technique of an elite male swimmer using and integrating dynamometric, kinematical and electromyographic (EMG) data. Surface active bipolar electrodes, two underwater and four surface fixed ...
ABSTRACT "Our purpose was to describe physical and training background characteristics o... more ABSTRACT "Our purpose was to describe physical and training background characteristics of Water Polo players and compare them according to their specialized playing positions. The International Working Group of Kinanthropometry guidelines were followed. A one-way unvaried measure ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc was used to develop a multiple comparisons procedure between the specialized playing positions (α=0.05). It was concluded that the center players presented tendency for the highest values in 8 of the 10 parameters studied. Center backs are older than the drivers and center forwards have a higher BMI than the wingers and the goalkeepers. The somatotype is balanced mesomorph. Center forwards and Drivers tend to get closer endomorphy when compared with the remaining positions. KEY WORDS: Anthropometry, specialized playing position."
The relationship between handgrip isometric strength and swimming performance was assessed in the... more The relationship between handgrip isometric strength and swimming performance was assessed in the four competitive swimming strokes in swimmers of different age groups and of both sexes. 78 national-level Portuguese swimmers (39 males, 39 females) were selected for this study. Grip strength, previously used as a marker of overall strength to predict future swimming performance, was measured using a hand dynamometer. The best competitive time at 100 and 200 m in all four swimming strokes were converted into 2010 FINA points. Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate differences between groups. Pearson product-moment correlations were computed to verify the association between variables. Handgrip maximum isometric strength was significantly correlated with swimming performance, particularly among female swimmers. Among female age group swimmers, the relationship between handgrip and 100-m freestyle was significant. Handgrip isometric strength seems to be related to swimming performance, especially to 100-m freestyle and in female swimmers. For all other distances and strokes, technique and training probably are more influential than semi-hereditary strength markers such as grip strength.
RESUMO O presente estudo discute a necessidade de se repensar a abordagem tradicional do ensino d... more RESUMO O presente estudo discute a necessidade de se repensar a abordagem tradicional do ensino da Natação. A Natação, como disciplina desportiva, é uma actividade multidisciplinar, a qual pode ser extremamente rica ao nível da experimentação motora e ...
Our purpose was to demonstrate that 30-s tethered swimming test can be a useful tool to estimate ... more Our purpose was to demonstrate that 30-s tethered swimming test can be a useful tool to estimate swimming performance in short distance freestyle events. Thirteen high level adolescent swimmers (7 male and 6 female of 16.6 ± 1.0 and 15.8 ± 0.8 years old) performed a 30-s maximum effort in front crawl tethered swimming. Afterward, subjects completed 50-m and 100-m freestyle events at the National Championships. Both maximum and mean force values obtained in the tethered test related directly with 50-m (r = .78 and r = .72, p < .01, respectively) and 100-m freestyle velocities (r = .63 and r = .61, p < .05, respectively). Fatigue index did not present a significant relationship with any of the studied performance variables. However, a proposed parameter--fatigue slope-correlated with 50-m (r = -.75, p < .01), 100-m performances (r = -.57, p < .05) and with r[La-] (r = -.90, p < .01). It is concluded that, for adolescent swimmers, values obtained from 30-s tethered test are well related with swimming performance in sprint events. In addition, fatigue slope seems to be more associated with swimming performance in short distance events than fatigue index.
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