Conference Presentations by Famous O Igbinovia, PhD.
21st International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE), Prague, Czech Republic., 2020
Electricity storage is essential to permitting the advocacy of a purely renewable electricity gri... more Electricity storage is essential to permitting the advocacy of a purely renewable electricity grid architecture. This will be the utmost resolution for devoting only random renewable electricity resources like wind and solar plants, to only meet utility base load demand of electricity consumers. Electricity storage is one of the key facilitating equipment's for the future purely renewable electricity grid architecture. Which when intelligently controlled using Internet of Renewable Energy (IoRE) has the attributes that will reward both residential/industrial electricity consumers, and electricity utility authorities. Thereby making it possible to initiate new electricity market models and smart management of cities. This write up is influenced with the desire to give perception into the prospective utilization of electricity storage technology in IoRE domain for clean and sustainable smart city implementation.
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21st International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE), Prague, Czech Republic., 2020
Climate change and the finite nature of traditional electricity production sources have resulted ... more Climate change and the finite nature of traditional electricity production sources have resulted in the increasing utilization of renewable electricity sources in today's electricity grid architecture. Which is hoped to eventually lead to a hundred percent renewable electricity grid architecture. A purely renewable electricity grid will bring about the implementation of the Internet of Renewable Energy (IoRE). The European Union (EU) in an attempt to stimulate and strengthen the integration of electricity grid architecture of member states has set in motion several strategies. A great strategy should be a purely renewable electricity grid assets integration in the region. Besides hydro and wind energy, bioenergy is following on the listing of vital renewable energy sources consumed in the European electricity generation mix. Bioenergy electricity combined with other renewables on the IoRE framework will lead to a sustainable electricity grid integration in the EU. The anticipated utilization of IoRE technology in the short-term and long-term in the region will lead the way to assess a hundred percent renewable electricity product by consumers in each member country. It will as well bring about cleaner electricity product production in the EU.
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IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, Nairobi, Kenya., 2020
Internet of Renewable Energy (IoRE) and power cables are innovations in the electricity industry ... more Internet of Renewable Energy (IoRE) and power cables are innovations in the electricity industry for the intelligent and sustainable delivery of purely renewable electricity product to consumers. Transportation of electricity from one region to another across the sea using submarine power cables is one of the issues faced by electricity transporting utility authorities. In this paper, submarine power cables and IoRE technologies are proposed for the effective import/export of solely renewable electricity product across the sea. This will bring about the security, reliability, and stability of an inter-continental solely renewable electricity transporting grid architecture.
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IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, Nairobi, Kenya., 2020
Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is a thermosetting insulation material for power cable applicati... more Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is a thermosetting insulation material for power cable applications. It has the characteristic of not being easily recycled. Hence, the development of the polypropylene (PP) insulation technology. The non-crosslinking process of PP helps to maintain its thermoplastic nature. Thermoplastic is a recyclable insulation material for both Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) power cable project implementation. This research evaluates the thermoplastic insulated power cable, its production requirement, and installation. The thermo-plasticity, zero-degassing and recyclability attributes of thermoplastic insulation materials make it beneficial for both medium and high voltage power cable projects. Test results further confirm that thermoplastic insulated power cables are better and more reliable than the XLPE based insulation power cables.
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IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS), , 2019
There is a global drive towards a complete renewable electricity system. A purely renewable elect... more There is a global drive towards a complete renewable electricity system. A purely renewable electricity system with the Internet of Renewable Energy (IoRE) is a promising solution for providing efficient, reliable and comprehensive environmentally friendly services to electricity consumers. The internet technology is fundamental in the architecture of an Internet of Renewable Energy (IoRE) system. This paper proposes an Internet of Renewable Energy platform for electricity networks. The concept of IoRE has been introduced for a pollution free electricity grid architecture, which will bring about a total environmentally friendly electricity grid.
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IEEE Power Africa Conference, 2019
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33rd IBIMA Conference:, 2019
Electricity transmission grids need to be operated in a safe, affordable, reliable, predictable a... more Electricity transmission grids need to be operated in a safe, affordable, reliable, predictable and sustainable manner. To do so, innovations in the electricity transmission industry have progressed in response to strict regulations and the unavoidable aging of transmission network infrastructure. Electric-power blackouts and increase in electricity demand equally put pressure on the transmission grid, which further buttress the need for more innovative tools and working methods for the transmission grid. The Nigerian electricity industry have received much attention as regards restructuring. To date, almost every segment of the industry has undergone restructuring in order to introduce formal markets as a vehicle for electricity transactions in the country, except for the transmission company. This paper talks about electric-power transmission innovations for improved electricity product development inclusive of: Contract networks for electric-power transmission; Spot pricing of electric-power transmission service; Prioritization of electricity transactions and related curtailment strategies for managing transmission congestion; Marginal pricing of transmission services; And robotics application to electricity transmission lines maintenance. A case study has been presented investigating employee's perspective of innovative electricity product development on the performance of the transmission company of Nigeria.
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33rd IBIMA Conference, 2019
This article provides an overview of science, technology and innovation (STI) policy that are cen... more This article provides an overview of science, technology and innovation (STI) policy that are central to the broader vision of Nigeria's manufactured-led economic and social transformation agenda. The realization of development goals requires a meticulous process of policy-making. However, in several developing countries such as Nigeria, there is discontinuity between policy and development preference as most policies are not based on scientific facts either due to the reason that they are unavailable or, where they exist, unreliable. Using a system analysis framework, this article brings into prospect the essential role played by STI indicators in providing scientific proof for designing, formulating and implementing national innovation policy for a manufactured-led economic and social transformation of Nigeria. This can serve as a structure for utilizing scientific proof in policy-making in a developing country frame of reference. This article is issued as part of a thematic collection on scientific advice to governments. The reason for STI in Nigeria's manufactured-led economic and social transformation agenda is that only when knowledge is changed into products and processes and utilized by the society in an economically and socially significant way, that it becomes an innovation.
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11th International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2018
A well designed algorithm helps to determine the
optimum size of power generation system. And for... more A well designed algorithm helps to determine the
optimum size of power generation system. And for Multi-Hybrid
Renewable Energy Systems (MHRESs), comprising of two
alternative energy systems working together, such as PV array,
Wind turbine, and Hydro generation capacity for back-up and
grid integrated MHRES of desired load, a thoroughly designed
algorithm will nevertheless assist in the optimal sizing of such a
MHRES. In this paper, MHRES was discussed and computational
complexity of algorithms was briefly analyzed. These
computational complexities are including of: Complexity of
converting among Context Free Grammars (CFGs) and
Pushdown Automata (PDAs); Running time of conversion to
Chomsky Normal Form (CNF); Testing emptiness of Context Free
Languages (CFLs); Testing membership in a Context Free
Language (CFL); and Complexity of Primality Testing. This was
done to understand the ingenious idea behind computational
complexity of algorithm. Thereby giving an understanding on how
fast a program for optimizing MHRES will be when it performs
computations and how a MHRES algorithm will behave as the
input grows larger.
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11th International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2018
Economic growth and the use of renewable power
technology in Africa now work together owing to co... more Economic growth and the use of renewable power
technology in Africa now work together owing to cost parity
between renewable and non-renewable energy technologies. As
renewable power technology is now becoming more inexpensive,
there are indications that in some markets in the continent,
renewable power technologies might become easily affordable as
compared to non-renewable energy. Thus, Africa’s economic
success could indeed be driven by renewable energy (RE)
technologies. This research paper discusses the integration of
renewable energy in Africa, Electricity consumption in Nigeria,
and integration of renewable energy in Nigeria. To correctly
capture how renewable energy is being integrated in the continent,
the effect of adoption of new technology on the performance of a
public utility electricity transmission firm is examined. The
Transmission Company of Nigeria was used as a case study.
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11th International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2018
The synchronous condenser nowadays contributes
an essential share of resources for generating rea... more The synchronous condenser nowadays contributes
an essential share of resources for generating reactive power to
ensure voltage stability in modern power systems. Such resource
has to be taken care of by owners of electricity infrastructures. In
any case, real projects, experiments and simulation results have
shown need to use the synchronous condenser for enhancing
power quality of the grid. Hence, traditional generators are being
retrofitted to synchronous condensers in order for them to serve a
better purpose of voltage stabilization after they are retired and
new synchronous condensers are installed by electricity utility
managers to serve same purpose too. This paper presents the
synchronous condenser technology. It discusses the experience and
lessons learnt from the use of the synchronous condenser in real
projects. It also provides an outlook on the development of the use
of the technology in modern power grid using two simulation study
scenarios. These developments include Scenario One: utilizing
only the synchronous condenser for voltage regulation on a power
grid. And Scenario Two: Installing the synchronous condensers
with Type-3 wind farm for voltage support on an electricity
network, such contextualization is towards voltage stability in
modern power grids.
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— The objective of this study is to examine the cost implication and reactive power generating po... more — The objective of this study is to examine the cost implication and reactive power generating potential of the synchronous condenser. Universally, increase in electricity demand constitutes new issues for power generation, transmission and distribution. Synchronous condenser solutions are being initiated globally to be instrumental in the best usage of power resources and offer grid systems support for todays and future sustainable, stable and reliable electrical grid network. This research x-rays the cost implication of the synchronous condenser in today's challenging environment. A vivid description of the reactive power generating potential of the synchronous condenser is shown with Matlab/Simulink environment simulation of a medium voltage (MV) power system network. It is observed that the synchronous condenser is cost-effective as compared to other reactive power generating equipment's and sources. Furthermore, Matlab/Simulink simulation results of the MV electric-power network shows an effective scheme for reactive power generation.
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—This paper presents a new method for achieving voltage stability and reduction of power losses w... more —This paper presents a new method for achieving voltage stability and reduction of power losses with renewable wind turbine generating system (WTGS) installed at different position on a Medium Voltage (MV) distribution system. The proposed network is a three-phase system consisting of 0.4 kV low voltage (LV) feeder with an active power (P) of 8 MW and a negative VAR (QC) of 0.5 MVAR. And a 20 kV MV feeder with an active power (P) of 22 MW and a negative VAR (QC) of 1.5 MVAR. The 0.4 kV and 20 kV feeders has varying positive VAR values of 2, 2.25, 2.5 and 6, 6.5, 7 MVARs respectively. Three sets of data's were observed; data 1, 2, and 3, the feeders are connected to a 20 kV MV distribution network, which is then linked to a 20 kV substation. Thereafter, a 20 kV MV renewable WTGS energy source with IGBT converters is integrated to the network for effective reactive power compensation. Three different Cases have been analyzed; First is the case with the proposed power system network analyzed without any WTGS attached to the network, in other words when the WTGS is switched off (this is designated as Case 1). Second is the situation with the WTGS positioned at the terminal end of the 20 kV MV distribution network (point 1, which is designated as Case 2) and Third is the situation when the position of the wind energy source is changed and stationed at the beginning of the terminal of the 20 kV MV power line (point 2, which is designated as Case 3). Matlab/Simulink software is used for the simulation of the system model. Simulation results for each of the case studies is analyzed and it is observed that research findings for Case 2 is more efficient in achieving improved voltage stability and power losses reduction in medium voltage electric-power distribution network.
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—In this paper, authors focus on the use of the synchronous condenser device for voltage stabilit... more —In this paper, authors focus on the use of the synchronous condenser device for voltage stability and power flow control on a three-phase 33 kV Medium Voltage (MV) electric-power system network. Matlab/Simulink is used for the simulation of the proposed system model. To test the validity of the system, measured and calculated power factor values were obtained. Two scenarios were studied; Firstly, is the scenario with the synchronous condenser located at the terminal end of the 33 kV MV network (position 1). And secondly, is the scenario with the synchronous condenser placed at the beginning of the 33 kV MV power Line (position 2). Simulation results obtained from the study are compared in order to determine the most appropriate location for situating the synchronous condenser device. It is observed that the locations of the synchronous condenser equipment have different impacts on the electric-power system network. However, the proposed study of the simulation model base on the location of the synchronous condenser at the terminal end of the 33 kV MV electric-power system network (position 1) demonstrate a more effective and suitable scheme of the electric-power network concerning issues of voltage stability and power flow control.
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—This paper deals with the use of Medium Voltage (MV) renewable wind energy source to optimize re... more —This paper deals with the use of Medium Voltage (MV) renewable wind energy source to optimize reactive power in a distribution network, it describes the increase of power factor when the reactive power is controlled at a wind farm increase in power factor allows improvement in the stability of distribution networks, and the increase in power factor is used as new methodology to reduce power losses, Matlab/Simulink program is used to show the results of the analysis Keywords— distribution network; reactive power; power losses; wind energy; Medium Voltage; power factor.
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— The quality of electrical power in a network is a major concern which has to be examined with c... more — The quality of electrical power in a network is a major concern which has to be examined with caution in order to achieve a reliable electrical power system network. Reactive power compensation is a means for realising the goal of a qualitative and reliable electrical power system. This paper made a comparative review of reactive power compensation technologies; the devices reviewed include Synchronous Condenser, Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). These technologies were defined, critically examined and compared, the most promising technology is recommended for the realisation of an effective, efficient, sustainable, qualitative and reliable electrical power network.
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— Value chain examination of tertiary education institutions is centered on the dynamics of inter... more — Value chain examination of tertiary education institutions is centered on the dynamics of inter-connection within the education sector, most especially the way in which tertiary education providers such as universities, polytechnics, institutes and the likes are universally integrated, this entails conventional systems of economic, social analysis and much more. This research work is centered on the study of Edo State Institute of Technology and Management (ESITM) as a tertiary education provider, it is embarked upon in order to determine the institutes competitive advantage in the market place. It is hoped that this research would reveal the strengths and potential threats of the institute. The authors believe that this analysis would inform strategic planners and managers of the institute on the way forward to consolidate its position in the industry. Stakeholders of the institute are advised by the authors on the need of embarking on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in its policy making process, as this will make the institute focus on policies for improving access to education and training not only for middle manpower at ESITM, but equally be able to build degree holders workforce demand for services such as Research and Development (R&D), design etc. Keywords—product; value chain; competitive advantage; multiple criteria decision making; tertiary institution; edo state institute of technology and management
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—Improved electricity product development is becoming more significant to the business performanc... more —Improved electricity product development is becoming more significant to the business performance of electricity transmission companies. Despite the fact that the term improved/new product development is not new, very few studies have investigated the effect of improved electricity product development on the business performance of a public electricity transmission company, most especially in a developing country such as Nigeria. This paper present means by which improved electricity product development can be used to assist electricity transmission company's business performance in order to improve customers' electricity product adoption and other stakeholder's satisfaction in the industry. It is based on a case study of the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN), it provide guidelines to stakeholders in the industry in utilizing improved electricity product development to better support electricity transmission companies: it allows transmission companies to launch improved electricity products to end-users; it helps transmission companies to determine the weaknesses of the electricity product delivered to end-users; it allows improved quality of electricity product that customers are willing to pay a premium for, while eliminating epileptic electric-power supply end-users do not want. Keywords—electricity; electricity product; improved electricity product development; business performance; business performance of transmission companies; public electricity transmission company
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2017 IEEE PES-IAS PowerAfrica, Jul 27, 2017
Wind turbine designs and production is an advance
high-tech technology when considering design f... more Wind turbine designs and production is an advance
high-tech technology when considering design features from
different manufacturers. The design of a wind turbine gearbox is
demanding owing to loading and environmental circumstances in
which the gearbox must function, Hence, the need for gearless
wind turbine designs. As a replacement for gearbox, gearless
wind turbine technology can be used, this actually causes the
turbine to be more reliable, by reducing downtime and repair
costs, an important special consideration for offshore turbines, a
place or terrain some more costly to dispatch skilled workers to
carry out maintenance operations. This paper analysis a gearless
variable speed wind turbine system with Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Generator (PMSG). Modelling and simulation of
the gearless variable speed wind turbine scheme with PMSG is
implemented by utilizing MATLAB/Simulink software. Results
shows that the wind turbine has the capability to sustain an
electric-power scheme. This research work is beneficial to Model,
simulate and analyze the influence of changes in wind speed and
Q-reference of a variable speed wind turbine system with
permanent magnet synchronous generator.
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19th International Student Conference on Electrical Engineering, May 14th, 2015, Prague, Czech Republic. , May 14, 2015
This paper gives a brief evaluation of the Synchronous Machine. It describes the construction, op... more This paper gives a brief evaluation of the Synchronous Machine. It describes the construction, operating principles and its applications in different operational modes: Motor, Generator and Compensator. It emphasizes the need for the use of synchronous machines for compensation purposes due to its numerous advantages in this regard in power system networks.
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Uploads
Conference Presentations by Famous O Igbinovia, PhD.
optimum size of power generation system. And for Multi-Hybrid
Renewable Energy Systems (MHRESs), comprising of two
alternative energy systems working together, such as PV array,
Wind turbine, and Hydro generation capacity for back-up and
grid integrated MHRES of desired load, a thoroughly designed
algorithm will nevertheless assist in the optimal sizing of such a
MHRES. In this paper, MHRES was discussed and computational
complexity of algorithms was briefly analyzed. These
computational complexities are including of: Complexity of
converting among Context Free Grammars (CFGs) and
Pushdown Automata (PDAs); Running time of conversion to
Chomsky Normal Form (CNF); Testing emptiness of Context Free
Languages (CFLs); Testing membership in a Context Free
Language (CFL); and Complexity of Primality Testing. This was
done to understand the ingenious idea behind computational
complexity of algorithm. Thereby giving an understanding on how
fast a program for optimizing MHRES will be when it performs
computations and how a MHRES algorithm will behave as the
input grows larger.
technology in Africa now work together owing to cost parity
between renewable and non-renewable energy technologies. As
renewable power technology is now becoming more inexpensive,
there are indications that in some markets in the continent,
renewable power technologies might become easily affordable as
compared to non-renewable energy. Thus, Africa’s economic
success could indeed be driven by renewable energy (RE)
technologies. This research paper discusses the integration of
renewable energy in Africa, Electricity consumption in Nigeria,
and integration of renewable energy in Nigeria. To correctly
capture how renewable energy is being integrated in the continent,
the effect of adoption of new technology on the performance of a
public utility electricity transmission firm is examined. The
Transmission Company of Nigeria was used as a case study.
an essential share of resources for generating reactive power to
ensure voltage stability in modern power systems. Such resource
has to be taken care of by owners of electricity infrastructures. In
any case, real projects, experiments and simulation results have
shown need to use the synchronous condenser for enhancing
power quality of the grid. Hence, traditional generators are being
retrofitted to synchronous condensers in order for them to serve a
better purpose of voltage stabilization after they are retired and
new synchronous condensers are installed by electricity utility
managers to serve same purpose too. This paper presents the
synchronous condenser technology. It discusses the experience and
lessons learnt from the use of the synchronous condenser in real
projects. It also provides an outlook on the development of the use
of the technology in modern power grid using two simulation study
scenarios. These developments include Scenario One: utilizing
only the synchronous condenser for voltage regulation on a power
grid. And Scenario Two: Installing the synchronous condensers
with Type-3 wind farm for voltage support on an electricity
network, such contextualization is towards voltage stability in
modern power grids.
high-tech technology when considering design features from
different manufacturers. The design of a wind turbine gearbox is
demanding owing to loading and environmental circumstances in
which the gearbox must function, Hence, the need for gearless
wind turbine designs. As a replacement for gearbox, gearless
wind turbine technology can be used, this actually causes the
turbine to be more reliable, by reducing downtime and repair
costs, an important special consideration for offshore turbines, a
place or terrain some more costly to dispatch skilled workers to
carry out maintenance operations. This paper analysis a gearless
variable speed wind turbine system with Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Generator (PMSG). Modelling and simulation of
the gearless variable speed wind turbine scheme with PMSG is
implemented by utilizing MATLAB/Simulink software. Results
shows that the wind turbine has the capability to sustain an
electric-power scheme. This research work is beneficial to Model,
simulate and analyze the influence of changes in wind speed and
Q-reference of a variable speed wind turbine system with
permanent magnet synchronous generator.
optimum size of power generation system. And for Multi-Hybrid
Renewable Energy Systems (MHRESs), comprising of two
alternative energy systems working together, such as PV array,
Wind turbine, and Hydro generation capacity for back-up and
grid integrated MHRES of desired load, a thoroughly designed
algorithm will nevertheless assist in the optimal sizing of such a
MHRES. In this paper, MHRES was discussed and computational
complexity of algorithms was briefly analyzed. These
computational complexities are including of: Complexity of
converting among Context Free Grammars (CFGs) and
Pushdown Automata (PDAs); Running time of conversion to
Chomsky Normal Form (CNF); Testing emptiness of Context Free
Languages (CFLs); Testing membership in a Context Free
Language (CFL); and Complexity of Primality Testing. This was
done to understand the ingenious idea behind computational
complexity of algorithm. Thereby giving an understanding on how
fast a program for optimizing MHRES will be when it performs
computations and how a MHRES algorithm will behave as the
input grows larger.
technology in Africa now work together owing to cost parity
between renewable and non-renewable energy technologies. As
renewable power technology is now becoming more inexpensive,
there are indications that in some markets in the continent,
renewable power technologies might become easily affordable as
compared to non-renewable energy. Thus, Africa’s economic
success could indeed be driven by renewable energy (RE)
technologies. This research paper discusses the integration of
renewable energy in Africa, Electricity consumption in Nigeria,
and integration of renewable energy in Nigeria. To correctly
capture how renewable energy is being integrated in the continent,
the effect of adoption of new technology on the performance of a
public utility electricity transmission firm is examined. The
Transmission Company of Nigeria was used as a case study.
an essential share of resources for generating reactive power to
ensure voltage stability in modern power systems. Such resource
has to be taken care of by owners of electricity infrastructures. In
any case, real projects, experiments and simulation results have
shown need to use the synchronous condenser for enhancing
power quality of the grid. Hence, traditional generators are being
retrofitted to synchronous condensers in order for them to serve a
better purpose of voltage stabilization after they are retired and
new synchronous condensers are installed by electricity utility
managers to serve same purpose too. This paper presents the
synchronous condenser technology. It discusses the experience and
lessons learnt from the use of the synchronous condenser in real
projects. It also provides an outlook on the development of the use
of the technology in modern power grid using two simulation study
scenarios. These developments include Scenario One: utilizing
only the synchronous condenser for voltage regulation on a power
grid. And Scenario Two: Installing the synchronous condensers
with Type-3 wind farm for voltage support on an electricity
network, such contextualization is towards voltage stability in
modern power grids.
high-tech technology when considering design features from
different manufacturers. The design of a wind turbine gearbox is
demanding owing to loading and environmental circumstances in
which the gearbox must function, Hence, the need for gearless
wind turbine designs. As a replacement for gearbox, gearless
wind turbine technology can be used, this actually causes the
turbine to be more reliable, by reducing downtime and repair
costs, an important special consideration for offshore turbines, a
place or terrain some more costly to dispatch skilled workers to
carry out maintenance operations. This paper analysis a gearless
variable speed wind turbine system with Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Generator (PMSG). Modelling and simulation of
the gearless variable speed wind turbine scheme with PMSG is
implemented by utilizing MATLAB/Simulink software. Results
shows that the wind turbine has the capability to sustain an
electric-power scheme. This research work is beneficial to Model,
simulate and analyze the influence of changes in wind speed and
Q-reference of a variable speed wind turbine system with
permanent magnet synchronous generator.
dynamic reactive power sustenance, but owing to the steady growth in the number of renewable power generating plants across the
globe and the concurrent dismantling of these rotating synchronous machines principally driven by the demand to decrease carbon
emission and reliance on fossil fuels, the need for grid-stabilizing systems is increasing. Also, traditional electric-power generating
units are approaching the end of their useful operational life and utility authorities are faced with a difficult resolution of retiring
electric-power plants. One way of resolving these issues is the refurbishment of these machines that is the electric-power plants tosynchronous condensers. This paper presents a brief assessment of the synchronous machine and the motivation for this research
work. It discusses the importance of the synchronous machine in electrical power systems, and the progressive trend in the use of
the synchronous machine in electric-power networks. It stresses the need for the use of the synchronous machine for reactive power
compensation purposes, with a vivid description given with MATLAB/Simulink simulation model. When the synchronous condenser
is connected to the power system model at the terminating end of the network and switched ON, the medium voltage (MV)
electrical power network simulation model effectively allows the control of reactive power, which improves voltage stability and
power flow control of the proposed network.