Papers. Military Orders by Maria Bonet Donato
Religions, 2023
A set of memories forged an institutional history, disseminated for and by the Catalan, Aragonese... more A set of memories forged an institutional history, disseminated for and by the Catalan, Aragonese, and Navarrese Hospitallers, that paid attention to the crusader past in the Latin East as justification for their functional and administrative features after the Order was re-founded in Rhodes. The translated versions of the statutes were a key means for transmitting the Order’s iconic references to the time of the crusades in the Holy Land. These images operated as a mirror that permitted Hospitallers to recreate identity functions and mythical characters in the most emblematic phase and places, after becoming the crusader Order par excellence in the eastern Mediterranean in Rhodes. Reports on military actions from the 12th to 13th centuries and other allusions stood out in a historiographical tour that extolled its mission and identified itself with symbolic places and people. All this was without forgetting the importance of their caring and religious roles in these narratives. This paper analyses the uses of the memory of the Eastern Hispanic priories of the 14th century found in the crusades and in the history of the Latin East fundamental arguments to affirm and guarantee the strong links between East and West in the headquarters in Rhodes.
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Milites Dei. Las órdenes militares: encaje social y manifestaciones religiosas. XLVIII Semana Internacional de Estudios Medievales. Estella-Lizarra, 2022
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Memoria y Civilización. Anuario de Historia, 17, 2014
La rama femenina del Hospital fue singular en el seno de la institución y logró una autonomía y u... more La rama femenina del Hospital fue singular en el seno de la institución y logró una autonomía y una entidad diferenciadora que se manifestó y consolidó en la afirmación de ele-mentos identitarios. La identidad de las hospita-larias se concretó en la reivindicación y el des-pliegue de funciones y actividades singulares, en la existencia de mujeres carismáticas que encar-naron dicha identidad y en el reconocimiento de ciertos espacios. Las comunidades de monjas hospitalarias de la corona de Aragón en los siglos XII y XIII se caracterizaron por una dife-renciación entre ellas mayor que la que se dio entre las encomiendas masculinas, y a su vez tuvieron mayor individualización en el contexto institucional. Las hospitalarias expresaron su espiritualidad y lograron visibilidad y protago-nismo social, conforme a la creación o recrea-ción de la identidad hospitalaria. Dicha identidad femenina hospitalaria resultó de la combinación de aspectos concernientes a la identidad fami-liar, femenina, espiritual, religiosa, individual, política, y se acomodó a la “personalidad” de cada entidad conventual, e inclusive a la de algunas figuras con destacado liderazgo.
Abstract: Hospitaller women achieved both a distinct entity within the institution and also a remarkable autonomy, which manifested through a particular identity. The identity of Hospitaller women gave rise to claims for and deployment of unique functions and activities, the existence of charismatic women who em-bodied the aforementioned identity and the recognition of specific spaces. There was con-siderable diversity among communities of Hos-pitaller sisters in the twelfth and thirteenth-century Crown of Aragon, in contrast with the more uniform male preceptories. Also, they were more individualized in the institutional context. Hospitaller women expressed their spirituality and achieved social prominence and visibility thanks to the creation or recreation of Hospital identity. Female identity in the Order of Saint John was derived from a combination of issues concerning family, female, spiritual, reli-gious, personal and political identity, and it was shaped by the "personality" of each monastic institution, and adapted itself to some sisters who were outstanding in their leadership.
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Gli ordini di Terrasanta. Questione aperte. Nuove acquisizione (secoli XII-XVI). Atti del Convegno internazionale di studi. Perugia, 14-15 novembre 2019. A cura di Arnaud Baudin, Sonia Merli, Mirko Santanicchia, 2021
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Ordens militares. Identidade et mudança. Coordenaçao Isabel Cristina Fernandes, 2021
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The Templars, The Hospitallers and the Crusades. Essays in homage to Alan J. Forey. Edited by Helen J. Nicholson and Jochen Burgtorf, 2020
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Creences a l'època medieval: ortodòxia i heretgia, 2018
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Tra il Tirreno e Gibilterra. Un Mediterraneo Iberico? Tomo 1. Luciano Gallinari y Flocel Sabate (editores) Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, Cagliari, 2015
The identity of the Hospitallers, defined and promoted by the East, strengthened ties with Wester... more The identity of the Hospitallers, defined and promoted by the East, strengthened ties with Western preceptories and priories. This favoured the flow of supplies and men to the order in the Eastern enclaves. The main elements of this identity were: the unity of the institution, its caring and military roles, and the figure of the master, who em-bodied the institution in some extent. Jerusalem and Rhodes were iconic and identifier places of the Order’s functions. The multiple identity ideas circul-tated, above all, from East to West, while supplies went from West to East.
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Ordines Militares. Colloquia Torunensia Historica. Yearbook for the Study of the Military Orders, 2018
A The policies of the papacy towards Templars and Hospitallers contributed to their implementatio... more A The policies of the papacy towards Templars and Hospitallers contributed to their implementation, deployment and protection in the Crown of Aragon and the kingdom of Navarre. Moreover, papal intervention acted as an important upsurge in the defence of their rights and unique status within the church. Therefore, papal bulls were preserved and translated in the regional written traditions as a source of legitimacy and were primordial in the construction of their institutional and historical memory. A significant part of the actions of the popes in relation to the orders were aimed at confirming and defining their characteristics and prerogatives as well as defending them from other powers, especially ecclesiastical ones. This paper explains how the pontiff played a key role in characterising, promoting and situating the military orders as essential institutions in the expansion
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Settlement and crusade in the thirteenth century. Multidisciplinary studies of the Latin East. Edited by Gil Fishof, Judith Bronstein and Vardit R. Shotten-Hallel, 2021
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Príncipe de Viana, 2019
The female hospitaller commandery of Bargota at the priory of Navarre, initially masculine, had a... more The female hospitaller commandery of Bargota at the priory of Navarre, initially masculine, had a hospital for pilgrims in the way of Saint James and achieved major expansion at 14th and 15th centuries. This article goes beyond the historical development of this convent so as to focus in its identity as it was reflected in a singular text preserved in ahn. This record was written in the mid-fifteenth century, when Bargota’s community was transferred to the convent of Crucifijo (Puente la Reina) and the story was intentionally reformulated in order to explain the origin and identity of the female community, to highlight certain principles, and also to reinforce a specific memory of it.
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Santa María de Montesa. La orden militar del Reino de Valencia (ss. XIV-XIX). Enric Guinot, Josep Cerdà, Juan F. Pardo, eds., 2019
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Carlos V y la Orden de Malta. Javier Alvarado y Jaime de Salazar (directores), 2020
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Transpyrénalia. Aragón y Bearne en los tiempos de Alfonso I y Gastón IV (1090-1134), 2021
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Miscel·lània del Centre d'Estudis de la Ribera d'Ebre. n. 30, 2020
The commanderies in the Ebro’s valley in Catalonia were established as principal domains in this ... more The commanderies in the Ebro’s valley in Catalonia were established as principal domains in this region in response to political and military needs, although they were subject to the international controls and authority of the Temple. They had to make economic contributions to the central authorities of the Order and, for this reason, the commanders gave an annual account of the economic and financial situation. This information is recorded in inventories, such as the one from 1289, and this was used to inform the Master and the provincial chapter of the state of the finances and stocks of the preceptories. The records detail large and small livestock, slaves, weapons and provisions, mentioning abundant quantities of agricultural produce, such as cereals and wine, which were reserved for the Master. These inventories also took care to record outstanding sums owed by creditors associated with the financial balance sheet and the cleaning up of each organisation’s accounts. The descriptions of Horta, Riba-roja, Ascó, Miravet and Tortosa show how the local farming economy was subject to controls in order to meet the requirements of a complex, modern and centralised fiscal and administrative organisation.
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This study of the Hospitallers’ patrimony in Northeastern Spain maps the many and diverse spaces ... more This study of the Hospitallers’ patrimony in Northeastern Spain maps the many and diverse spaces which it covered. These places were strategic for political and social purposes and, as such, they were located in the Pyrenees region, on the pilgrimage route to Santiago and the banks of the River Ebro, in cities and villages, and conquered or frontier lands. Such a plurality of properties was matched by a variety of types of commanderies and a flexible structure, which was subject to the jurisdiction of the priory, which added thus havinga political dimension. This regional, institutional and territorial organization was new in the context of the monastic tradition and more in line with political forms such as the monarchy, which had used the order it as an instrument bywhich to begin to project its own power across its territories.
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Papers. Military Orders by Maria Bonet Donato
Abstract: Hospitaller women achieved both a distinct entity within the institution and also a remarkable autonomy, which manifested through a particular identity. The identity of Hospitaller women gave rise to claims for and deployment of unique functions and activities, the existence of charismatic women who em-bodied the aforementioned identity and the recognition of specific spaces. There was con-siderable diversity among communities of Hos-pitaller sisters in the twelfth and thirteenth-century Crown of Aragon, in contrast with the more uniform male preceptories. Also, they were more individualized in the institutional context. Hospitaller women expressed their spirituality and achieved social prominence and visibility thanks to the creation or recreation of Hospital identity. Female identity in the Order of Saint John was derived from a combination of issues concerning family, female, spiritual, reli-gious, personal and political identity, and it was shaped by the "personality" of each monastic institution, and adapted itself to some sisters who were outstanding in their leadership.
Abstract: Hospitaller women achieved both a distinct entity within the institution and also a remarkable autonomy, which manifested through a particular identity. The identity of Hospitaller women gave rise to claims for and deployment of unique functions and activities, the existence of charismatic women who em-bodied the aforementioned identity and the recognition of specific spaces. There was con-siderable diversity among communities of Hos-pitaller sisters in the twelfth and thirteenth-century Crown of Aragon, in contrast with the more uniform male preceptories. Also, they were more individualized in the institutional context. Hospitaller women expressed their spirituality and achieved social prominence and visibility thanks to the creation or recreation of Hospital identity. Female identity in the Order of Saint John was derived from a combination of issues concerning family, female, spiritual, reli-gious, personal and political identity, and it was shaped by the "personality" of each monastic institution, and adapted itself to some sisters who were outstanding in their leadership.
Tarragona tejió una memoria sobre su
autoridad, revestida de una identidad sagrada,
que difundió los caracteres específicos
de su potestad y de la realidad
dominical. Las tradiciones sobre la sede
tarraconense fueron establecidas durante
los siglos xii y xiii, con aportaciones
destacadas como la del prelado Benet de
Rocabertí. Algunos elementos laudatorios
y reivindicativos de sus mensajes
fueron: la vinculada a la primera cristianización
peninsular, la restauración de la
Iglesia romana tardía, la reclamación de
la primacía, la naturaleza sagrada de algunos
obispos, la preminencia en la jurisdicción
religiosa y dominical, el reconocimiento
del apoyo y patrocinio pontificio y los carismas religiosos. En resumen, el
poder del arzobispo se dotó de una ideología
que se apoyó en un conjunto de
imágenes icónicas al servició de una narrativa
legitimadora y para la afirmación
de los poderes y las proyecciones de la
mitra.
Abstract: These pages explain the making
of an episcopal identity story. The
medieval archbishopric of Tarragona
wove a specific memory on episcopal
authority, that defined a sacred identity,
linked to the first Peninsular
Christianization and with singular
mechanisms of power. This tradition of
the episcopal see was constructed
contemporary and reinforced in
subsequent times. Some key elements of
these memories were: the restoration of
the late-Roman Church, the sacred nature
of the seat and of some bishops, the
vindication of metropolitan and ‘first’
see, the religious authority in the region
and against other powers, the recognition
of pontifical support and patronage, religious charismae and the features of
lordly power. In short, the archbishop’s
power was supported by the tradition of
the see and drew on a set of iconic images
that became a story of legitimacy and
authority.
Resumen: Los territorios catalanes experimentaron una trascendente expansión territorial y crecimiento económico en el siglo XII. Nuevas instituciones y nuevas fórmulas de gobierno respondían e impulsaron dichas transformaciones. Se produjo la redefinición del poder condal, los inicios del gobierno urbano y la introducción de nuevas organizaciones eclesiásticas. A inicios del siglo XII, los condados catalanes configuraban un mosaico de poderes políticos mientras que a finales de siglo estaban sujetos a cierta hegemonía del condado de Barcelona, cuyo titular era el rey de Aragón. Ramón Berenguer IV, reforzó su liderazgo gracias a su unión con la heredera del reino de Aragón. Además el conde alcanzó su preeminencia frente a otros poderes regionales gracias a la conquista y a la administración de las tierras meridionales desde mediados de siglo. Desde entonces los signos del crecimiento poblacional y económico se hicieron evidentes en la proliferación de villas, el crecimiento de las ciudades, y de la actividad artesanal, agraria y mercantil. De forma pareja a la situación política, Barcelona fue principal y predominante en el despliegue mercantil, aunque otros núcleos urbanos prosperaron como centros regionales. Las novedades sociales y económicas reclamaron una nueva ordenación de los poderes, que garantizaban la paz, favorecieran la viabilidad comercial y la eficacia militar.
comportaron la consolidación de los distintos líderes militares y políticos aristocráticos. Entre ellos,
se impuso el poder condal o del rey, que amplió su dominación y consumó el proceso expansionista
mediante fórmulas novedosas como fueron la pacificación, la formación de ejércitos y los pactos
con dirigentes foráneos. Los condes y el rey implicaron a agentes militares ajenos a los intereses
aristocráticos regionales, implementaron nuevas políticas militares y encontraron recursos ideológicos
o legislativos en pro de su preeminencia en el despliegue militar. El auge de las ciudades, las
villas y la defensa o ocupación de las fronteras conquistadas contribuyeron a la reformulación del
sistema militar, que resquebrajó la casi exclusividad de las familias nobiliarias en la actividad militar.
Sin embargo, sus miembros señorearon y guerrearon en los ámbitos regionales, centrando su
actividad bélica en torno a la defensa y adquisición de patrimonio, así como en la fijación de su jurisdicción.
Patrimonializar, dominar y guerrear fueron conceptos asimilados a una misma realidad,
que incluso eran intercambiables. Entre tanto, las conquistas guiadas por la providencia situaron
en otro plano la “inevitabilidad” de la conquista, adquisición o “liberación” de al-Ándalus.
On-line edition: https://papiro.unizar.es/ojs/index.php/aem