In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ... more In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ratio techniques based on carbon and nitrogen values. The d 13 C and d 15 N values of particulate organic matter (d 13 C POM and d 15 N POM , respectively) ranged from-30.64 ± 1.0 to-28.1 ± 0.7 %, and from-1.11 ± 0.8 to 3.98 ± 0.7 %, respectively. The d 13 C values of consumer species ranged from-33.94 to-16.92 %, showing a wide range from lower values in a freshwater lake and inner bay to higher values in a mangrove forest. The distinct dietary habits of consumer species and the location-specific food source composition were the main factors affecting the d 13 C values. The consumer 15 N-isotope enrichment values suggested that there were three trophic levels; primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary consumer trophic level was represented by freshwater herbivorous gastropods, filter-feeding bivalves, and plankton-feeding fish, with a mean d 15 N value of 5.052 %. The secondary consumer level included four deposit-feeding fish species distributed in Fai Chi Kei Bay and depositfeeding gastropods in the Lotus Flower Bridge flat, with a mean d 15 N value of 6.794 %. The tertiary consumers group consisted of four crab species, one shrimp species, and four fish species in the Lotus Flower Bridge Flat, with a mean d 15 N value of 13.473 %. Their diet mainly comprised organic debris, bottom fauna, and rotten animal tissues. This study confirms the applicability of the isotopic approach in food web studies.
Abstract: The metabolism of a city can be seen as the process of transforming all the materials a... more Abstract: The metabolism of a city can be seen as the process of transforming all the materials and commodities for sustaining the city’s economic activity. The Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) is a highly developed metropolitan region where prosperous tourism has made it possible to support a population of 0.54 million people on an area about 29.2 km 2. This paper highlights the economic and environmental transformation of Macao by emphasizing the following aspects: the population trends, tourists changing trends, GDP, foreign investment trends, material resource consumption and waste generation, so as to forecast the trend of the Macao development and provide valuable reference to government policy makers.
... Hung Lo, Shui-Yan Tang Corresponding Author Contact Information and Shek-Kiu Chan. ... POLITI... more ... Hung Lo, Shui-Yan Tang Corresponding Author Contact Information and Shek-Kiu Chan. ... POLITICAL ECONOMY OF EIA IN GUANGZHOU Carlos WingHung Lo The Hong Kong Polytechnic ... and medium projects (normally with an investment exceeding 200 million yuan or US 30 ...
In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ... more In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ratio techniques based on carbon and nitrogen values. The d 13 C and d 15 N values of particulate organic matter (d 13 C POM and d 15 N POM , respectively) ranged from-30.64 ± 1.0 to-28.1 ± 0.7 %, and from-1.11 ± 0.8 to 3.98 ± 0.7 %, respectively. The d 13 C values of consumer species ranged from-33.94 to-16.92 %, showing a wide range from lower values in a freshwater lake and inner bay to higher values in a mangrove forest. The distinct dietary habits of consumer species and the location-specific food source composition were the main factors affecting the d 13 C values. The consumer 15 N-isotope enrichment values suggested that there were three trophic levels; primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary consumer trophic level was represented by freshwater herbivorous gastropods, filter-feeding bivalves, and plankton-feeding fish, with a mean d 15 N value of 5.052 %. The secondary consumer level included four deposit-feeding fish species distributed in Fai Chi Kei Bay and deposit-feeding gastropods in the Lotus Flower Bridge flat, with a mean d 15 N value of 6.794 %. The tertiary consumers group consisted of four crab species, one shrimp species, and four fish species in the Lotus Flower Bridge Flat, with a mean d 15 N value of 13.473 %. Their diet mainly comprised organic debris, bottom fauna, and rotten animal tissues. This study confirms the applicability of the isotopic approach in food web studies.
In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ... more In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ratio techniques based on carbon and nitrogen values. The d 13 C and d 15 N values of particulate organic matter (d 13 C POM and d 15 N POM , respectively) ranged from-30.64 ± 1.0 to-28.1 ± 0.7 %, and from-1.11 ± 0.8 to 3.98 ± 0.7 %, respectively. The d 13 C values of consumer species ranged from-33.94 to-16.92 %, showing a wide range from lower values in a freshwater lake and inner bay to higher values in a mangrove forest. The distinct dietary habits of consumer species and the location-specific food source composition were the main factors affecting the d 13 C values. The consumer 15 N-isotope enrichment values suggested that there were three trophic levels; primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary consumer trophic level was represented by freshwater herbivorous gastropods, filter-feeding bivalves, and plankton-feeding fish, with a mean d 15 N value of 5.052 %. The secondary consumer level included four deposit-feeding fish species distributed in Fai Chi Kei Bay and deposit-feeding gastropods in the Lotus Flower Bridge flat, with a mean d 15 N value of 6.794 %. The tertiary consumers group consisted of four crab species, one shrimp species, and four fish species in the Lotus Flower Bridge Flat, with a mean d 15 N value of 13.473 %. Their diet mainly comprised organic debris, bottom fauna, and rotten animal tissues. This study confirms the applicability of the isotopic approach in food web studies.
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is one of the main mineral constituents of teeth and bones. It is well-known... more Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is one of the main mineral constituents of teeth and bones. It is well-known that HAP has excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. Unfortunately, HAP cannot be used directly for heavy-loading applications because of its poor mechanical properties . Our previous studies show that a polyamide composite can be used as medical implant . It is bioinert and has good mechanical properties. This work succeeded in combining the mechanical advantages of the implant with the excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity of HAP by coating HAP on the implant. The HAP coating provides a stable connection of the implant to the bone and minimizes adverse reactions due to its biocompatibility. Several technologies have been used to form HAP films on polymers, such as a biomimetic process and sol-gel . This letter reports another method of coating HAP on the implant using glutin and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
The photochromic diarylethene, 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-(2,2%-dicyanovinyl)-thien-3-yl)perfluorocyclope... more The photochromic diarylethene, 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-(2,2%-dicyanovinyl)-thien-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene (1a), was synthesized by a novel method. Two kinds of single crystals of the compound were obtained depending on the different recrystallization conditions and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Allomorphism of the photochromic diarylethene was discovered. The compound underwent a photochromic reaction both in solution and in the single crystalline phase of the anti-parallel conformer.
An anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A 2 O) reactor was applied to simultaneously remove organics and nutrie... more An anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A 2 O) reactor was applied to simultaneously remove organics and nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from wastewater. The effect of chloride on biological nutrient removal from wastewater was investigated, using synthetic and real wastewaters. The internal recycle flowrate and the solids retention time were varied to determine the optimal operational conditions for the reactor using synthetic wastewater. The chloride concentrations of both synthetic and real wastewaters were increased to simulate the wastewater during salinity period. During the first phase, the chloride concentrations of synthetic wastewater were varied from 150 to 5,000 mg L -1 and the real wastewater obtained from the Taipa wastewater treatment plant in Macau SAR, China was tested during the second phase with the chloride concentrations varied from 500 to 2,500 mg L -1 . Results showed that the removal of ammonia nitrogen was not significantly affected by the chloride concentration for both synthetic and real wastewaters. The phosphorus removal efficiency, however, was decreased from 94% at 150 mg L -1 chloride to 74% at 1,500 mg L -1 chloride for the synthetic wastewater and from 86% at 500 mg L -1 chloride to 58% at 1,000 mg L -1 for the real wastewater, respectively. The phosphorus removal was completely inhibited when the chloride concentration was higher than 2,500 mg L -1 for both synthetic and real wastewaters. The removal efficiency for soluble chemical oxygen demand was also negatively affected by higher chloride concentrations.
... Hung Lo, Shui-Yan Tang Corresponding Author Contact Information and Shek-Kiu Chan. ... POLITI... more ... Hung Lo, Shui-Yan Tang Corresponding Author Contact Information and Shek-Kiu Chan. ... POLITICAL ECONOMY OF EIA IN GUANGZHOU Carlos WingHung Lo The Hong Kong Polytechnic ... and medium projects (normally with an investment exceeding 200 million yuan or US 30 ...
ABSTRACT A novel phthalocyanine-like photosensitizer, oxophosphorus(V) tetrasulfotriaza-tetrabenz... more ABSTRACT A novel phthalocyanine-like photosensitizer, oxophosphorus(V) tetrasulfotriaza-tetrabenzcorrole (POTBCS4), has been synthesized. Its structure and absorption spectrum are unique. POTBCS4 has an axial P=O group and peripheral sulfo groups. The fluorescence emission spectra, fluorescence quantum yield and quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation have been studied. The uptake and the photodynamic activities against HeLa cells were measured. The results indicated that POTBCS4 was a potential photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT).
The metabolism of a city can be seen as the process of transforming all the materials and commodi... more The metabolism of a city can be seen as the process of transforming all the materials and commodities for sustaining the city's economic activity. The Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) is a highly developed metropolitan region where prosperous tourism has made it possible to support a population of 0.54 million people on an area about 29.2 km 2 . This paper highlights the economic and environmental transformation of Macao by emphasizing the following aspects: the population trends, tourists changing trends, GDP, foreign investment trends, material resource consumption and waste generation, so as to forecast the trend of the Macao development and provide valuable reference to government policy makers.
An anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A 2 O) reactor was applied to simultaneously remove organics and nutrie... more An anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A 2 O) reactor was applied to simultaneously remove organics and nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from wastewater. The effect of chloride on biological nutrient removal from wastewater was investigated, using synthetic and real wastewaters. The internal recycle flowrate and the solids retention time were varied to determine the optimal operational conditions for the reactor using synthetic wastewater. The chloride concentrations of both synthetic and real wastewaters were increased to simulate the wastewater during salinity period. During the first phase, the chloride concentrations of synthetic wastewater were varied from 150 to 5,000 mg L -1 and the real wastewater obtained from the Taipa wastewater treatment plant in Macau SAR, China was tested during the second phase with the chloride concentrations varied from 500 to 2,500 mg L -1 . Results showed that the removal of ammonia nitrogen was not significantly affected by the chloride concentration for both synthetic and real wastewaters. The phosphorus removal efficiency, however, was decreased from 94% at 150 mg L -1 chloride to 74% at 1,500 mg L -1 chloride for the synthetic wastewater and from 86% at 500 mg L -1 chloride to 58% at 1,000 mg L -1 for the real wastewater, respectively. The phosphorus removal was completely inhibited when the chloride concentration was higher than 2,500 mg L -1 for both synthetic and real wastewaters. The removal efficiency for soluble chemical oxygen demand was also negatively affected by higher chloride concentrations.
In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ... more In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ratio techniques based on carbon and nitrogen values. The d 13 C and d 15 N values of particulate organic matter (d 13 C POM and d 15 N POM , respectively) ranged from-30.64 ± 1.0 to-28.1 ± 0.7 %, and from-1.11 ± 0.8 to 3.98 ± 0.7 %, respectively. The d 13 C values of consumer species ranged from-33.94 to-16.92 %, showing a wide range from lower values in a freshwater lake and inner bay to higher values in a mangrove forest. The distinct dietary habits of consumer species and the location-specific food source composition were the main factors affecting the d 13 C values. The consumer 15 N-isotope enrichment values suggested that there were three trophic levels; primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary consumer trophic level was represented by freshwater herbivorous gastropods, filter-feeding bivalves, and plankton-feeding fish, with a mean d 15 N value of 5.052 %. The secondary consumer level included four deposit-feeding fish species distributed in Fai Chi Kei Bay and depositfeeding gastropods in the Lotus Flower Bridge flat, with a mean d 15 N value of 6.794 %. The tertiary consumers group consisted of four crab species, one shrimp species, and four fish species in the Lotus Flower Bridge Flat, with a mean d 15 N value of 13.473 %. Their diet mainly comprised organic debris, bottom fauna, and rotten animal tissues. This study confirms the applicability of the isotopic approach in food web studies.
Abstract: The metabolism of a city can be seen as the process of transforming all the materials a... more Abstract: The metabolism of a city can be seen as the process of transforming all the materials and commodities for sustaining the city’s economic activity. The Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) is a highly developed metropolitan region where prosperous tourism has made it possible to support a population of 0.54 million people on an area about 29.2 km 2. This paper highlights the economic and environmental transformation of Macao by emphasizing the following aspects: the population trends, tourists changing trends, GDP, foreign investment trends, material resource consumption and waste generation, so as to forecast the trend of the Macao development and provide valuable reference to government policy makers.
... Hung Lo, Shui-Yan Tang Corresponding Author Contact Information and Shek-Kiu Chan. ... POLITI... more ... Hung Lo, Shui-Yan Tang Corresponding Author Contact Information and Shek-Kiu Chan. ... POLITICAL ECONOMY OF EIA IN GUANGZHOU Carlos WingHung Lo The Hong Kong Polytechnic ... and medium projects (normally with an investment exceeding 200 million yuan or US 30 ...
In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ... more In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ratio techniques based on carbon and nitrogen values. The d 13 C and d 15 N values of particulate organic matter (d 13 C POM and d 15 N POM , respectively) ranged from-30.64 ± 1.0 to-28.1 ± 0.7 %, and from-1.11 ± 0.8 to 3.98 ± 0.7 %, respectively. The d 13 C values of consumer species ranged from-33.94 to-16.92 %, showing a wide range from lower values in a freshwater lake and inner bay to higher values in a mangrove forest. The distinct dietary habits of consumer species and the location-specific food source composition were the main factors affecting the d 13 C values. The consumer 15 N-isotope enrichment values suggested that there were three trophic levels; primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary consumer trophic level was represented by freshwater herbivorous gastropods, filter-feeding bivalves, and plankton-feeding fish, with a mean d 15 N value of 5.052 %. The secondary consumer level included four deposit-feeding fish species distributed in Fai Chi Kei Bay and deposit-feeding gastropods in the Lotus Flower Bridge flat, with a mean d 15 N value of 6.794 %. The tertiary consumers group consisted of four crab species, one shrimp species, and four fish species in the Lotus Flower Bridge Flat, with a mean d 15 N value of 13.473 %. Their diet mainly comprised organic debris, bottom fauna, and rotten animal tissues. This study confirms the applicability of the isotopic approach in food web studies.
In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ... more In this study, components of the food-web in Macao wetlands were quantified using stable isotope ratio techniques based on carbon and nitrogen values. The d 13 C and d 15 N values of particulate organic matter (d 13 C POM and d 15 N POM , respectively) ranged from-30.64 ± 1.0 to-28.1 ± 0.7 %, and from-1.11 ± 0.8 to 3.98 ± 0.7 %, respectively. The d 13 C values of consumer species ranged from-33.94 to-16.92 %, showing a wide range from lower values in a freshwater lake and inner bay to higher values in a mangrove forest. The distinct dietary habits of consumer species and the location-specific food source composition were the main factors affecting the d 13 C values. The consumer 15 N-isotope enrichment values suggested that there were three trophic levels; primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary consumer trophic level was represented by freshwater herbivorous gastropods, filter-feeding bivalves, and plankton-feeding fish, with a mean d 15 N value of 5.052 %. The secondary consumer level included four deposit-feeding fish species distributed in Fai Chi Kei Bay and deposit-feeding gastropods in the Lotus Flower Bridge flat, with a mean d 15 N value of 6.794 %. The tertiary consumers group consisted of four crab species, one shrimp species, and four fish species in the Lotus Flower Bridge Flat, with a mean d 15 N value of 13.473 %. Their diet mainly comprised organic debris, bottom fauna, and rotten animal tissues. This study confirms the applicability of the isotopic approach in food web studies.
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is one of the main mineral constituents of teeth and bones. It is well-known... more Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is one of the main mineral constituents of teeth and bones. It is well-known that HAP has excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. Unfortunately, HAP cannot be used directly for heavy-loading applications because of its poor mechanical properties . Our previous studies show that a polyamide composite can be used as medical implant . It is bioinert and has good mechanical properties. This work succeeded in combining the mechanical advantages of the implant with the excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity of HAP by coating HAP on the implant. The HAP coating provides a stable connection of the implant to the bone and minimizes adverse reactions due to its biocompatibility. Several technologies have been used to form HAP films on polymers, such as a biomimetic process and sol-gel . This letter reports another method of coating HAP on the implant using glutin and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
The photochromic diarylethene, 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-(2,2%-dicyanovinyl)-thien-3-yl)perfluorocyclope... more The photochromic diarylethene, 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-(2,2%-dicyanovinyl)-thien-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene (1a), was synthesized by a novel method. Two kinds of single crystals of the compound were obtained depending on the different recrystallization conditions and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Allomorphism of the photochromic diarylethene was discovered. The compound underwent a photochromic reaction both in solution and in the single crystalline phase of the anti-parallel conformer.
An anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A 2 O) reactor was applied to simultaneously remove organics and nutrie... more An anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A 2 O) reactor was applied to simultaneously remove organics and nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from wastewater. The effect of chloride on biological nutrient removal from wastewater was investigated, using synthetic and real wastewaters. The internal recycle flowrate and the solids retention time were varied to determine the optimal operational conditions for the reactor using synthetic wastewater. The chloride concentrations of both synthetic and real wastewaters were increased to simulate the wastewater during salinity period. During the first phase, the chloride concentrations of synthetic wastewater were varied from 150 to 5,000 mg L -1 and the real wastewater obtained from the Taipa wastewater treatment plant in Macau SAR, China was tested during the second phase with the chloride concentrations varied from 500 to 2,500 mg L -1 . Results showed that the removal of ammonia nitrogen was not significantly affected by the chloride concentration for both synthetic and real wastewaters. The phosphorus removal efficiency, however, was decreased from 94% at 150 mg L -1 chloride to 74% at 1,500 mg L -1 chloride for the synthetic wastewater and from 86% at 500 mg L -1 chloride to 58% at 1,000 mg L -1 for the real wastewater, respectively. The phosphorus removal was completely inhibited when the chloride concentration was higher than 2,500 mg L -1 for both synthetic and real wastewaters. The removal efficiency for soluble chemical oxygen demand was also negatively affected by higher chloride concentrations.
... Hung Lo, Shui-Yan Tang Corresponding Author Contact Information and Shek-Kiu Chan. ... POLITI... more ... Hung Lo, Shui-Yan Tang Corresponding Author Contact Information and Shek-Kiu Chan. ... POLITICAL ECONOMY OF EIA IN GUANGZHOU Carlos WingHung Lo The Hong Kong Polytechnic ... and medium projects (normally with an investment exceeding 200 million yuan or US 30 ...
ABSTRACT A novel phthalocyanine-like photosensitizer, oxophosphorus(V) tetrasulfotriaza-tetrabenz... more ABSTRACT A novel phthalocyanine-like photosensitizer, oxophosphorus(V) tetrasulfotriaza-tetrabenzcorrole (POTBCS4), has been synthesized. Its structure and absorption spectrum are unique. POTBCS4 has an axial P=O group and peripheral sulfo groups. The fluorescence emission spectra, fluorescence quantum yield and quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation have been studied. The uptake and the photodynamic activities against HeLa cells were measured. The results indicated that POTBCS4 was a potential photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT).
The metabolism of a city can be seen as the process of transforming all the materials and commodi... more The metabolism of a city can be seen as the process of transforming all the materials and commodities for sustaining the city's economic activity. The Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) is a highly developed metropolitan region where prosperous tourism has made it possible to support a population of 0.54 million people on an area about 29.2 km 2 . This paper highlights the economic and environmental transformation of Macao by emphasizing the following aspects: the population trends, tourists changing trends, GDP, foreign investment trends, material resource consumption and waste generation, so as to forecast the trend of the Macao development and provide valuable reference to government policy makers.
An anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A 2 O) reactor was applied to simultaneously remove organics and nutrie... more An anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A 2 O) reactor was applied to simultaneously remove organics and nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from wastewater. The effect of chloride on biological nutrient removal from wastewater was investigated, using synthetic and real wastewaters. The internal recycle flowrate and the solids retention time were varied to determine the optimal operational conditions for the reactor using synthetic wastewater. The chloride concentrations of both synthetic and real wastewaters were increased to simulate the wastewater during salinity period. During the first phase, the chloride concentrations of synthetic wastewater were varied from 150 to 5,000 mg L -1 and the real wastewater obtained from the Taipa wastewater treatment plant in Macau SAR, China was tested during the second phase with the chloride concentrations varied from 500 to 2,500 mg L -1 . Results showed that the removal of ammonia nitrogen was not significantly affected by the chloride concentration for both synthetic and real wastewaters. The phosphorus removal efficiency, however, was decreased from 94% at 150 mg L -1 chloride to 74% at 1,500 mg L -1 chloride for the synthetic wastewater and from 86% at 500 mg L -1 chloride to 58% at 1,000 mg L -1 for the real wastewater, respectively. The phosphorus removal was completely inhibited when the chloride concentration was higher than 2,500 mg L -1 for both synthetic and real wastewaters. The removal efficiency for soluble chemical oxygen demand was also negatively affected by higher chloride concentrations.
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