Conserving viable large carnivore populations requires managing their interactions with humans in... more Conserving viable large carnivore populations requires managing their interactions with humans in increasingly anthropogenic landscapes. Faced with declining budgets and escalating wildlife conflicts, agencies in North America continue to grapple with uncertainty surrounding the efficacy of socially divisive management actions such as harvest to reduce conflict. We used multistate capture–reencounter methods to estimate cause-specific mortality for a large sample (\u3e3500) of American black bears Ursus americanus in north-western New Jersey, USA over a 33-year period. Specifically, we focused on factors that might influence the probability of bears being harvested, lethally managed, or dying from other causes. We further analysed temporal correlations between \u3e26 000 human–black bear incidents reported between 2001 and 2013 and estimates of total mortality rates, and specifically, rates of harvest from newly implemented public hunts and lethal management. Adult females were twic...
Humanity has a miserable track record in conserving large carnivores: from Paleolithic hunters sk... more Humanity has a miserable track record in conserving large carnivores: from Paleolithic hunters skinning the enormous cave lion 15,000 years ago to the contemporary loss of the marsupial Tasmanian tiger. Today, several iconic members of the order Carnivora are on the brink of extinction (Amur leopards, Asiatic cheetahs), and over 75% of the world9s 31 large carnivore species have experienced alarming population declines, often directly from human persecution. Yet, several species of large predators have dramatically rebounded (European gray wolf, American black bear) in the most unlikely of places: heavily human-dominated landscapes. For example, the black bear population in northwestern New Jersey (NJ), the state with the highest human densities in the United States, has exponentially increased over sixfold in just 15 years. During this period of unprecedented suburban sprawl in NJ there have been over 26,500 reported human-bear interactions including seven attacks on humans and one...
We investigated survival, reproduction, and population growth (λ) for a declining elk (Cervus can... more We investigated survival, reproduction, and population growth (λ) for a declining elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) population in South Dakota, USA, 2011–2015. We obtained survival data from 125 calves and 34 yearlings. We determined survival and pregnancy rates for 42 adults (2–8 years old) and 39 old adults (≥8 years old). We combined population vital rates into a matrix model, which indicated a slightly growing population but with considerable uncertainty (λ¯ = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.93–1.13). Our elasticity analysis suggested asymptotic growth rates were most sensitive to proportional changes in old adult and adult female survival, followed by proportional changes in calf and yearling survival. Our life-stage simulation analysis further supported asymptotic growth rates being most sensitive to variation in survival, and most of the variation in λ we observed was a consequence of variation in annual calf survival (R2 = 0.58). Annual calf survival was low (0.26, 95% CI = 0.05–0.52), and p...
... JAROD D. RAITHEL,1 Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Science... more ... JAROD D. RAITHEL,1 Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA ... on population growth is a function of both its influence on k (elasticity) and its magnitude of change (variability; Wisdom ...
... JAROD D. RAITHEL,1 Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Science... more ... JAROD D. RAITHEL,1 Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA ... on population growth is a function of both its influence on k (elasticity) and its magnitude of change (variability; Wisdom ...
Conserving viable large carnivore populations requires managing their interactions with humans in... more Conserving viable large carnivore populations requires managing their interactions with humans in increasingly anthropogenic landscapes. Faced with declining budgets and escalating wildlife conflicts, agencies in North America continue to grapple with uncertainty surrounding the efficacy of socially divisive management actions such as harvest to reduce conflict. We used multistate capture–reencounter methods to estimate cause-specific mortality for a large sample (\u3e3500) of American black bears Ursus americanus in north-western New Jersey, USA over a 33-year period. Specifically, we focused on factors that might influence the probability of bears being harvested, lethally managed, or dying from other causes. We further analysed temporal correlations between \u3e26 000 human–black bear incidents reported between 2001 and 2013 and estimates of total mortality rates, and specifically, rates of harvest from newly implemented public hunts and lethal management. Adult females were twic...
Humanity has a miserable track record in conserving large carnivores: from Paleolithic hunters sk... more Humanity has a miserable track record in conserving large carnivores: from Paleolithic hunters skinning the enormous cave lion 15,000 years ago to the contemporary loss of the marsupial Tasmanian tiger. Today, several iconic members of the order Carnivora are on the brink of extinction (Amur leopards, Asiatic cheetahs), and over 75% of the world9s 31 large carnivore species have experienced alarming population declines, often directly from human persecution. Yet, several species of large predators have dramatically rebounded (European gray wolf, American black bear) in the most unlikely of places: heavily human-dominated landscapes. For example, the black bear population in northwestern New Jersey (NJ), the state with the highest human densities in the United States, has exponentially increased over sixfold in just 15 years. During this period of unprecedented suburban sprawl in NJ there have been over 26,500 reported human-bear interactions including seven attacks on humans and one...
We investigated survival, reproduction, and population growth (λ) for a declining elk (Cervus can... more We investigated survival, reproduction, and population growth (λ) for a declining elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) population in South Dakota, USA, 2011–2015. We obtained survival data from 125 calves and 34 yearlings. We determined survival and pregnancy rates for 42 adults (2–8 years old) and 39 old adults (≥8 years old). We combined population vital rates into a matrix model, which indicated a slightly growing population but with considerable uncertainty (λ¯ = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.93–1.13). Our elasticity analysis suggested asymptotic growth rates were most sensitive to proportional changes in old adult and adult female survival, followed by proportional changes in calf and yearling survival. Our life-stage simulation analysis further supported asymptotic growth rates being most sensitive to variation in survival, and most of the variation in λ we observed was a consequence of variation in annual calf survival (R2 = 0.58). Annual calf survival was low (0.26, 95% CI = 0.05–0.52), and p...
... JAROD D. RAITHEL,1 Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Science... more ... JAROD D. RAITHEL,1 Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA ... on population growth is a function of both its influence on k (elasticity) and its magnitude of change (variability; Wisdom ...
... JAROD D. RAITHEL,1 Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Science... more ... JAROD D. RAITHEL,1 Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA ... on population growth is a function of both its influence on k (elasticity) and its magnitude of change (variability; Wisdom ...
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