Although Romania joined the European Union (EU) in 2007 and adopted EU road safety regulations, r... more Although Romania joined the European Union (EU) in 2007 and adopted EU road safety regulations, road safety legislation was lacking and disparate. Prior to 2016, Romania was one of few EU countries that did not have a National Road Safety Strategy, and a National Law mandating Road Safety Audits in 2008 for road infrastructure was ineffective. This road safety management policy gap resulted in Romania having one of the worst road fatality rates in the EU. This presentation outlines the consequences of such a gap and legislative changes made to improve road safety management to precipitate reductions in road fatalities. Background The European Parliament and Council adopted on the 19th of November 2008 directive 2008/98/CE regarding road safety management, thus emphasising the increasing importance of road safety in that jurisdiction. The United Nations also, through the resolution adopted on the 2nd of March 2010, recognised the gravity of the road safety problem by declaring the de...
Road safety has an increasing importance, especially after UN proclaiming 2011-2020 the Decade of... more Road safety has an increasing importance, especially after UN proclaiming 2011-2020 the Decade of Action for Road Safety. As many factors contribute to producing traffic accidents, infrastructure has its own part in this. Studies related to road surface are very important, especially due to the fact that the quality of the tyre-road surface contact could influence the occurrence of road accidents. Aspects like skid-resistance, permeability, and evenness are the main properties that should be taken into consideration for a road surface. The present research paper has the aim to correlate the characteristics of materials used in the wearing layer with the risk of producing road accidents, by calculating the braking distance, as a sub-component of stopping sight distance. The results of the laboratory tests undertaken on aggregates will show that only by varying the source of materials, stopping sight distance can differ with up to 20 meters. Siguranța rutieră are o importanță crescută...
Improving road safety has been the key objective for road authorities worldwide for the last year... more Improving road safety has been the key objective for road authorities worldwide for the last years. Lately, many concepts were adopted to reduce the number of fatalities, concepts like self-explaining roads, low cost measures or forgiving roads. As new research findings are published, differing theories evolve and road safety visions change. Nowadays, around 30% of accidents on the entire European Union (EU) road network are caused by inadequate infrastructure. The way roads are laid out and designed can reduce the exposure to traffic of vulnerable road users, reduce the probability that crash and injury occur when these users are exposed and reduce the severity of injury if it occurs. Substantial and sustainable casualty reductions can be achieved in relatively short time and at relatively short cost by identifying and treating high risk infrastructure sites, creating safer and forgiving roads. The aim of this paper is to improve traffic safety by increasing the awareness of road a...
Although most road accidents involve numerous factors, detailed studies on this issue have shown ... more Although most road accidents involve numerous factors, detailed studies on this issue have shown a strong link between road events and the characteristics or conditions of the roadway surface, such as the quality of tire-road contact. So, since there was not yet established any scientific relationship between accidents cause and the road surface, there is a clear need for extensive research in this direction of road safety, in order for engineers to develop effective solutions to potentially dangerous situations. Thus, this paper will highlight through laboratory research the correlation between the polished stone value of aggregates in the wearing course and braking distance. Basically, through elaborated scientific research, this paper presents how the quality of the asphalt aggregates can influence the happening of a car accident, by direct calculation of the braking distance for different values of friction coefficients calculated for different samples, depending on the degree o...
This article outlines a capacity review of Romania’s national road infrastructure and road safety... more This article outlines a capacity review of Romania’s national road infrastructure and road safety in general. Romania’s road fatality rate per 100,000 population has improved overall from a 2008 high of around 15 to the current 2019 value of 9.6. However, the rate has flat-lined with no real improvement for the last decade, stalling at around 9.7 over the period 2011- 2019 and around double the EU rate. Moreover, Romania’s total annual number of road deaths has remained at an average of around 1900 fatalities per annum over this period. Romania has been the worst performing country in the European Union (EU) in recent years, and one of the worst performing countries compared to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations in terms of road safety. The review performed in 2016 found inadequate political leadership and commitment to effective actions to reduce road fatalities, fragmented government road safety activities across a number of regulatory entities, ...
Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure, 2016
This report’s main aim is to propose a methodology for assessing state-budget-funded projects bas... more This report’s main aim is to propose a methodology for assessing state-budget-funded projects based on a rigorous selection model, including clear and effective prioritization criteria. This report first argues that project prioritization and selection should be optimized against four dimensions: absorption, impact, legitimacy, and capacity. Second, it provides a diagnostic of the National Program for Local Development (PNDL), managed by the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration (MRDPA), as the most significant source of state-budget funding for local infrastructure projects. The PNDL’s current design and implementation leaves room for improvement, as reflected by the lack of strategic direction in allocating funds and the continued rise in the number of projects that get started without a feasible timeline for their completion. Further, this report makes recommendations for improvement of project evaluation and selection procedures for local infrastructure deve...
This report aims at providing key recommendations toward the use of innovative designs in small i... more This report aims at providing key recommendations toward the use of innovative designs in small infrastructure in Romania. The overall aim is to compare Romanian and international practices in design, construction, and maintenance of roads, water and wastewater infrastructure, and social infrastructure. The objective is to assess how innovative designs and technologies can contribute to better quality, cost efficient, and sustainable infrastructure projects. In this endeavor, this report includes a complete assessment of the current designs and technologies deployed for a set of public infrastructure investments in Romania. In addition, it presents a set of global best practices potentially recommended for the Romanian context. This Report also includes an assessment of non-technical issues with direct impact on design, construction, and maintenance practices. This report provides a complete overview of the current key issues related to project design in Romania. It also serves as b...
This report aims at providing key recommendations toward the use of innovative designs in small i... more This report aims at providing key recommendations toward the use of innovative designs in small infrastructure in Romania. The overall aim is to compare Romanian and international practices in design, construction, and maintenance of roads, water and wastewater infrastructure, and social infrastructure. The objective is to assess how innovative designs and technologies can contribute to better quality, cost efficient, and sustainable infrastructure projects. In this endeavor, this report includes a complete assessment of the current designs and technologies deployed for a set of public infrastructure investments in Romania. In addition, it presents a set of global best practices potentially recommended for the Romanian context. This Report also includes an assessment of non-technical issues with direct impact on design, construction, and maintenance practices. This report provides a complete overview of the current key issues related to project design in Romania. It also serves as b...
In the context of Romania’s push toward sustainable and inclusive development, the government has... more In the context of Romania’s push toward sustainable and inclusive development, the government has asked the World Bank to support the harmonization of public investments financed by the European Union and the state budget. The current report describes the national program for local development (PNDL’s) framework and project cycle and provides an overview of the program’s project portfolio in 2014. It also draws a number of preliminary observations and presents some potential policy measures, based on a review of 289 technical-economic documentations (in most cases feasibility studies) for new investments proposed for PNDL financing in 2014. The aim is to understand gaps and opportunities in the PNDL’s programming and implementation, and also to help develop the MRDPA’s capacity for assessing received proposals. This report seeks to contribute to the overall objective of improving the design and implementation of state-budget-funded investment programs under the Ministry of Regional ...
Research shows that vehicle speed affects the severity of all road crashes. Higher speed crashes ... more Research shows that vehicle speed affects the severity of all road crashes. Higher speed crashes involve more kinetic energy: the more energy that is dispersed in a crash, the more severe that crash will be. Speed also affects the likelihood of a crash occurring in the first place. The likelihood of a serious or fatal crash increases significantly even with small increases in vehicle speed. Field studies demonstrate that a one percent increase in mean average speeds results in a roughly two percent increase in the frequency of crashes involving injury, a three percent increase in severe crashes, and a four percent increase in deaths. The safety of infrastructure is heavily influenced by traffic speed, to the extent that without a detailed understanding of speed limits and vehicle operating speeds, it is difficult to assess the safety performance of infrastructure at a given location. This report seeks to highlight the central role of speed management in the Safe System approach and ...
This article outlines a capacity review of Romania’s national road infrastructure and road safety... more This article outlines a capacity review of Romania’s national road infrastructure and road safety in general. Romania’s road fatality rate per 100,000 population has improved overall from a 2008 high of around 15 to the current 2019 value of 9.6. However, the rate has flat-lined with no real improvement for the last decade, stalling at around 9.7 over the period 2011- 2019 and around double the EU rate. Moreover, Romania’s total annual number of road deaths has remained at an average of around 1900 fatalities per annum over this period. Romania has been the worst performing country in the European Union (EU) in recent years, and one of the worst performing countries compared to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations in terms of road safety. The review performed in 2016 found inadequate political leadership and commitment to effective actions to reduce road fatalities, fragmented government road safety activities across a number of regulatory entities, speed limits set at levels that exceed internationally accepted survivable limits, weak traffic law enforcement including a lack of speed enforcement cameras resulting in a failure of drivers to comply with speed limits, and a lack of structured programs to implement human error tolerant road infrastructure constructed according to Safe System principles. A series of recommendations from the capacity review were adopted (as described here) since 2016, although much remains to improve road safety in Romania.
The aquaplaning of a road vehicle occurs when a layer of water appears between the wheels of the ... more The aquaplaning of a road vehicle occurs when a layer of water appears between the wheels of the vehicle and the road surface. The aquaplaning causes loss of wheel adherence, and results in a reduced vehicle control capability. The efficiency of technical solutions applied on standard roads is analysed using a dedicated computer software called the Pavement Surface Runoff Model. The paper places emphasis on the significance of constructing a good quality pavement-structure wearing course, its influence on traffic safety, and the correlation between geometric properties of road elements and the aquaplaning phenomenon.
CETRA 2018, 5th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure, 17-19 May, Croatia, 2018
Although Romania joined the European Union in 2007 and adhered to its regulations regarding road ... more Although Romania joined the European Union in 2007 and adhered to its regulations regarding road safety, until 2016 there was a lack and disparity in the legislation on this field. Romania was one of the fewest countries in EU without an assumed National Road Safety Strategy, and even though a National Law on Road Safety Audit was adopted in 2008, it was hardly applied. Thus, the results of the policy gap can be clearly noticed in road safety statistics. Romania is one of the worst performing countries in EU on road safety, but hopefully, after previous years actions, this will change. The end of 2015 brought Romania a new government, with an intermediary and non-politic status, a technocrat government with specialists from all fields of interests. One of the priorities of this executive was road safety, especially with the two main topics: National Road Safety Strategy, and its Action Plan (which were in a draft status since 2010 and were never adopted by the Romanian Government); Law no. 265/2008 on road infrastructure safety management, which regulates Road Safety Audits and Inspections (a law with many flaws, which needed to be corrected in order to be properly applied).
Although Romania joined the European Union (EU) in 2007 and adopted EU road safety regulations, r... more Although Romania joined the European Union (EU) in 2007 and adopted EU road safety regulations, road safety legislation was lacking and disparate. Prior to 2016, Romania was one of few EU countries that did not have a National Road Safety Strategy, and a National Law mandating Road Safety Audits in 2008 for road infrastructure was ineffective. This road safety management policy gap resulted in Romania having one of the worst road fatality rates in the EU. This presentation outlines the consequences of such a gap and legislative changes made to improve road safety management to precipitate reductions in road fatalities. Background The European Parliament and Council adopted on the 19th of November 2008 directive 2008/98/CE regarding road safety management, thus emphasising the increasing importance of road safety in that jurisdiction. The United Nations also, through the resolution adopted on the 2nd of March 2010, recognised the gravity of the road safety problem by declaring the de...
Road safety has an increasing importance, especially after UN proclaiming 2011-2020 the Decade of... more Road safety has an increasing importance, especially after UN proclaiming 2011-2020 the Decade of Action for Road Safety. As many factors contribute to producing traffic accidents, infrastructure has its own part in this. Studies related to road surface are very important, especially due to the fact that the quality of the tyre-road surface contact could influence the occurrence of road accidents. Aspects like skid-resistance, permeability, and evenness are the main properties that should be taken into consideration for a road surface. The present research paper has the aim to correlate the characteristics of materials used in the wearing layer with the risk of producing road accidents, by calculating the braking distance, as a sub-component of stopping sight distance. The results of the laboratory tests undertaken on aggregates will show that only by varying the source of materials, stopping sight distance can differ with up to 20 meters. Siguranța rutieră are o importanță crescută...
Improving road safety has been the key objective for road authorities worldwide for the last year... more Improving road safety has been the key objective for road authorities worldwide for the last years. Lately, many concepts were adopted to reduce the number of fatalities, concepts like self-explaining roads, low cost measures or forgiving roads. As new research findings are published, differing theories evolve and road safety visions change. Nowadays, around 30% of accidents on the entire European Union (EU) road network are caused by inadequate infrastructure. The way roads are laid out and designed can reduce the exposure to traffic of vulnerable road users, reduce the probability that crash and injury occur when these users are exposed and reduce the severity of injury if it occurs. Substantial and sustainable casualty reductions can be achieved in relatively short time and at relatively short cost by identifying and treating high risk infrastructure sites, creating safer and forgiving roads. The aim of this paper is to improve traffic safety by increasing the awareness of road a...
Although most road accidents involve numerous factors, detailed studies on this issue have shown ... more Although most road accidents involve numerous factors, detailed studies on this issue have shown a strong link between road events and the characteristics or conditions of the roadway surface, such as the quality of tire-road contact. So, since there was not yet established any scientific relationship between accidents cause and the road surface, there is a clear need for extensive research in this direction of road safety, in order for engineers to develop effective solutions to potentially dangerous situations. Thus, this paper will highlight through laboratory research the correlation between the polished stone value of aggregates in the wearing course and braking distance. Basically, through elaborated scientific research, this paper presents how the quality of the asphalt aggregates can influence the happening of a car accident, by direct calculation of the braking distance for different values of friction coefficients calculated for different samples, depending on the degree o...
This article outlines a capacity review of Romania’s national road infrastructure and road safety... more This article outlines a capacity review of Romania’s national road infrastructure and road safety in general. Romania’s road fatality rate per 100,000 population has improved overall from a 2008 high of around 15 to the current 2019 value of 9.6. However, the rate has flat-lined with no real improvement for the last decade, stalling at around 9.7 over the period 2011- 2019 and around double the EU rate. Moreover, Romania’s total annual number of road deaths has remained at an average of around 1900 fatalities per annum over this period. Romania has been the worst performing country in the European Union (EU) in recent years, and one of the worst performing countries compared to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations in terms of road safety. The review performed in 2016 found inadequate political leadership and commitment to effective actions to reduce road fatalities, fragmented government road safety activities across a number of regulatory entities, ...
Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure, 2016
This report’s main aim is to propose a methodology for assessing state-budget-funded projects bas... more This report’s main aim is to propose a methodology for assessing state-budget-funded projects based on a rigorous selection model, including clear and effective prioritization criteria. This report first argues that project prioritization and selection should be optimized against four dimensions: absorption, impact, legitimacy, and capacity. Second, it provides a diagnostic of the National Program for Local Development (PNDL), managed by the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration (MRDPA), as the most significant source of state-budget funding for local infrastructure projects. The PNDL’s current design and implementation leaves room for improvement, as reflected by the lack of strategic direction in allocating funds and the continued rise in the number of projects that get started without a feasible timeline for their completion. Further, this report makes recommendations for improvement of project evaluation and selection procedures for local infrastructure deve...
This report aims at providing key recommendations toward the use of innovative designs in small i... more This report aims at providing key recommendations toward the use of innovative designs in small infrastructure in Romania. The overall aim is to compare Romanian and international practices in design, construction, and maintenance of roads, water and wastewater infrastructure, and social infrastructure. The objective is to assess how innovative designs and technologies can contribute to better quality, cost efficient, and sustainable infrastructure projects. In this endeavor, this report includes a complete assessment of the current designs and technologies deployed for a set of public infrastructure investments in Romania. In addition, it presents a set of global best practices potentially recommended for the Romanian context. This Report also includes an assessment of non-technical issues with direct impact on design, construction, and maintenance practices. This report provides a complete overview of the current key issues related to project design in Romania. It also serves as b...
This report aims at providing key recommendations toward the use of innovative designs in small i... more This report aims at providing key recommendations toward the use of innovative designs in small infrastructure in Romania. The overall aim is to compare Romanian and international practices in design, construction, and maintenance of roads, water and wastewater infrastructure, and social infrastructure. The objective is to assess how innovative designs and technologies can contribute to better quality, cost efficient, and sustainable infrastructure projects. In this endeavor, this report includes a complete assessment of the current designs and technologies deployed for a set of public infrastructure investments in Romania. In addition, it presents a set of global best practices potentially recommended for the Romanian context. This Report also includes an assessment of non-technical issues with direct impact on design, construction, and maintenance practices. This report provides a complete overview of the current key issues related to project design in Romania. It also serves as b...
In the context of Romania’s push toward sustainable and inclusive development, the government has... more In the context of Romania’s push toward sustainable and inclusive development, the government has asked the World Bank to support the harmonization of public investments financed by the European Union and the state budget. The current report describes the national program for local development (PNDL’s) framework and project cycle and provides an overview of the program’s project portfolio in 2014. It also draws a number of preliminary observations and presents some potential policy measures, based on a review of 289 technical-economic documentations (in most cases feasibility studies) for new investments proposed for PNDL financing in 2014. The aim is to understand gaps and opportunities in the PNDL’s programming and implementation, and also to help develop the MRDPA’s capacity for assessing received proposals. This report seeks to contribute to the overall objective of improving the design and implementation of state-budget-funded investment programs under the Ministry of Regional ...
Research shows that vehicle speed affects the severity of all road crashes. Higher speed crashes ... more Research shows that vehicle speed affects the severity of all road crashes. Higher speed crashes involve more kinetic energy: the more energy that is dispersed in a crash, the more severe that crash will be. Speed also affects the likelihood of a crash occurring in the first place. The likelihood of a serious or fatal crash increases significantly even with small increases in vehicle speed. Field studies demonstrate that a one percent increase in mean average speeds results in a roughly two percent increase in the frequency of crashes involving injury, a three percent increase in severe crashes, and a four percent increase in deaths. The safety of infrastructure is heavily influenced by traffic speed, to the extent that without a detailed understanding of speed limits and vehicle operating speeds, it is difficult to assess the safety performance of infrastructure at a given location. This report seeks to highlight the central role of speed management in the Safe System approach and ...
This article outlines a capacity review of Romania’s national road infrastructure and road safety... more This article outlines a capacity review of Romania’s national road infrastructure and road safety in general. Romania’s road fatality rate per 100,000 population has improved overall from a 2008 high of around 15 to the current 2019 value of 9.6. However, the rate has flat-lined with no real improvement for the last decade, stalling at around 9.7 over the period 2011- 2019 and around double the EU rate. Moreover, Romania’s total annual number of road deaths has remained at an average of around 1900 fatalities per annum over this period. Romania has been the worst performing country in the European Union (EU) in recent years, and one of the worst performing countries compared to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations in terms of road safety. The review performed in 2016 found inadequate political leadership and commitment to effective actions to reduce road fatalities, fragmented government road safety activities across a number of regulatory entities, speed limits set at levels that exceed internationally accepted survivable limits, weak traffic law enforcement including a lack of speed enforcement cameras resulting in a failure of drivers to comply with speed limits, and a lack of structured programs to implement human error tolerant road infrastructure constructed according to Safe System principles. A series of recommendations from the capacity review were adopted (as described here) since 2016, although much remains to improve road safety in Romania.
The aquaplaning of a road vehicle occurs when a layer of water appears between the wheels of the ... more The aquaplaning of a road vehicle occurs when a layer of water appears between the wheels of the vehicle and the road surface. The aquaplaning causes loss of wheel adherence, and results in a reduced vehicle control capability. The efficiency of technical solutions applied on standard roads is analysed using a dedicated computer software called the Pavement Surface Runoff Model. The paper places emphasis on the significance of constructing a good quality pavement-structure wearing course, its influence on traffic safety, and the correlation between geometric properties of road elements and the aquaplaning phenomenon.
CETRA 2018, 5th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure, 17-19 May, Croatia, 2018
Although Romania joined the European Union in 2007 and adhered to its regulations regarding road ... more Although Romania joined the European Union in 2007 and adhered to its regulations regarding road safety, until 2016 there was a lack and disparity in the legislation on this field. Romania was one of the fewest countries in EU without an assumed National Road Safety Strategy, and even though a National Law on Road Safety Audit was adopted in 2008, it was hardly applied. Thus, the results of the policy gap can be clearly noticed in road safety statistics. Romania is one of the worst performing countries in EU on road safety, but hopefully, after previous years actions, this will change. The end of 2015 brought Romania a new government, with an intermediary and non-politic status, a technocrat government with specialists from all fields of interests. One of the priorities of this executive was road safety, especially with the two main topics: National Road Safety Strategy, and its Action Plan (which were in a draft status since 2010 and were never adopted by the Romanian Government); Law no. 265/2008 on road infrastructure safety management, which regulates Road Safety Audits and Inspections (a law with many flaws, which needed to be corrected in order to be properly applied).
Manual de Siguranta Rutiera Republica Moldova, editia I, 2011
Acest Manual de Siguranţă Rutieră se doreşte a fi documentul tehnic care sa stea la baza acceptăr... more Acest Manual de Siguranţă Rutieră se doreşte a fi documentul tehnic care sa stea la baza acceptării problemei siguranţei rutiere şi necesităţii tratării ei ca prioritate naţională în managementul reţelei rutiere a Republicii Moldova. Lucrarea îşi propune să popularizeze în rândul specialiştilor moldoveni acele concepte şi bune practici inginereşti pe care experienţa internaţională le-a relevat. Manualul de Siguranţă Rutieră se adresează specialiştilor din domeniu, tuturor celor care sunt interesaţi de acest fenomen, în principal: • specialiştilor din cadrul Administraţiei de Stat a Drumurilor şi a structurilor componente din teritoriu; • inginerilor proiectanţi implicaţi în proiecte de infrastructură rutieră; • specialiştilor din cadrul Poliţiei Rutiere; • arhitecţilor urbanişti; • studenţilor; Utilizatorii Manualului trebuie să îl parcurgă cu atenţie, iar principiile şi soluţiile prezentate trebuie înţelese în litera, dar şi în spiritul lor. Acestea trebuie utilizate într-un mod flexibil şi constructiv, prin prisma experienţei profesionale proprii. Manualul de Siguranţă Rutieră propune de asemenea valori şi cifre tehnice, stabilite în baza experienţelor internaţionale, acestea urmând a fi validate şi actualizate prin grija Ministerului Transporturilor şi Infrastructurii Drumurilor ca şi autoritate naţională, în perioade ciclice de timp de 2-5 ani.
Research shows that vehicle speed affects the severity of all road crashes. Higher speed crashes ... more Research shows that vehicle speed affects the severity of all road crashes. Higher speed crashes involve more kinetic energy: the more energy that is dispersed in a crash, the more severe that crash will be. Speed also affects the likelihood of a crash occurring in the first place. The likelihood of a serious or fatal crash increases significantly even with small increases in vehicle speed. Field studies demonstrate that a one percent increase in mean average speeds results in a roughly two percent increase in the frequency of crashes involving injury, a three percent increase in severe crashes, and a four percent increase in deaths. The safety of infrastructure is heavily influenced by traffic speed, to the extent that without a detailed understanding of speed limits and vehicle operating speeds, it is difficult to assess the safety performance of infrastructure at a given location. This report seeks to highlight the central role of speed management in the Safe System approach and how a simple speed variation can improve safety for all types of road user. At the core of this report lies the experience derived from iRAP assessments undertaken under the Bloomberg Philanthropies Initiative for Global Road Safety (BIGRS) on 867 km of national roads in Thailand and 258 km of streets in Bangkok, between 2015 and 2019. This also involved capacity building activities with local partner, Chulalongkorn University, which led to almost 700 specialists being trained on road safety engineering during this period. The importance of speed in influencing road user risk is highlighted in two case studies on different road types in Thailand — the Outer Ring Road and Hathai Rat Road in Bangkok — to demonstrate the effects of different speeds on the iRAP Star Ratings. These ratings objectively quantify the likelihood of a crash, and its severity, whereby a person's risk of injury is highest on a 1-star road, and lowest on a 5-star road. Among a series of simulations and results, this report shows that enforcing a 10 kph speed limit reduction could prevent one in three fatal and serious injuries (FSIs) on both those roads.
The main goal of this Manual is to change mindsets and show Romanian road safety professionals th... more The main goal of this Manual is to change mindsets and show Romanian road safety professionals that safer road environments are possible, sometimes even with very low costs. Road engineers should try to look at a road beyond technical road standards and put themselves in the shoes of a road user (either driver, pedestrian, cyclist or motorcyclist). The information provided in this Manual should be the basic knowledge that any Road Safety Auditor should have, which integrates around 50 highly-rated references, but also very important input from internationally recognized road safety experts, local road safety specialists and practitioners from public or private institutions, and also academia.
The report introduces how the Safe System Approach works, with a focus on road infrastructure and... more The report introduces how the Safe System Approach works, with a focus on road infrastructure and road safety engineering best practices from one of the best performing countries in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, Singapore. Singapore roads are not only considered the safest in the region, they rank among the safest globally. Road safety management rules and regulations implemented in the country have resulted in significant strides in managing the effects of collision factors related to roadway design, human behavior, and vehicle attributes. As a result, road safety statistics have shown that fatalities on the Singapore road network have been steadily declining over the past decade. This is leading to a desire on the part of neighboring countries to follow Singapore's example and learn from its experience. In order to mitigate collisions attributed to vehicle inadequacies or defects, one of the measures taken in Singapore was to enforce a strict vehicle import policy. Vehicle imports are permissible from countries that have adopted and comply with recognized high vehicle safety standards. Vehicle safety compliance is particularly focused on 52 items specified by the Land Transport Authority (LTA). In addition to strict vehicle import standards, Singapore enforces a strict vehicle quota system, which regulates the number of vehicles on the road network. Additionally, vehicles are required to undergo frequent inspections. Cars between 3 and 10 years old are required to have a biennial inspection, and cars older than 10 years are required to undergo annual inspections. Furthermore, taxis are required to undergo inspections every six months. Road safety education and driver education are core tenants of Singapore's roads safety strategy. Road safety education is predominately undertaken by the Singapore Traffic Police, but nongovernmental organizations such as the National Security Coordination Secretariat contribute significantly to road safety education in Singapore.
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Papers by Florentina-Alina Burlacu
of regulatory entities, speed limits set at levels that exceed internationally accepted survivable limits, weak traffic law enforcement including a lack of speed enforcement cameras resulting in a failure of drivers to comply with speed limits, and a lack of structured programs to implement human error tolerant road infrastructure constructed according to Safe System principles. A series of recommendations from the capacity review were adopted (as described here) since 2016, although much remains to improve road safety in Romania.
of regulatory entities, speed limits set at levels that exceed internationally accepted survivable limits, weak traffic law enforcement including a lack of speed enforcement cameras resulting in a failure of drivers to comply with speed limits, and a lack of structured programs to implement human error tolerant road infrastructure constructed according to Safe System principles. A series of recommendations from the capacity review were adopted (as described here) since 2016, although much remains to improve road safety in Romania.