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In this study, we investigated the relations between features of parent-child conversations (neutral talk, positive and negative in-dyad and out-dyad talk) and children’s social and physical aggression from ages 9–18. Participants were... more
In this study, we investigated the relations between features of parent-child conversations (neutral talk, positive and negative in-dyad and out-dyad talk) and children’s social and physical aggression from ages 9–18. Participants were 297 youth (52% girls) of about 9 years old at Time 1 and their parent. Fifty-two percent of this United States sample identified as White, 20% Black, 20% Hispanic, 8% other races/ethnicities. One hundred eighty-seven parents participated in the parent-child observation task. Ninety four percent of parent participants were mothers. Parent-child conversations were observed in the laboratory during preadolescence, and teachers reported child’s aggression. Using multinomial logit analyses, we found that coded observations of communication features predicted membership in linear trajectories of social and physical aggression across nine years of adolescence; trajectories were derived via mixture modeling. Parent and child communication characteristics were...
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Data from the Children of the NLSY79 (CNLSY) are pooled together across survey waves, 1986–2000, to provide an unusually large sample size, as well as two or more observations at different time points for many children, recorded at single... more
Data from the Children of the NLSY79 (CNLSY) are pooled together across survey waves, 1986–2000, to provide an unusually large sample size, as well as two or more observations at different time points for many children, recorded at single months of age between 36 and 156 months. We fit a variety of multilevel growth models to these data. We find
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1150 / Social Forces 72:4, June 1994 of white women (Amott & Matthei 1991). As a consequence of their differing histories, black women's current occupational distribution differs markedly from that of white women (Malveaux 1988).... more
1150 / Social Forces 72:4, June 1994 of white women (Amott & Matthei 1991). As a consequence of their differing histories, black women's current occupational distribution differs markedly from that of white women (Malveaux 1988). Many of the policy initiatives associated with the ...
Research Interests: Sociology, Competence, Race, Racial discrimination, Industry, and 4 moreWork, Income, Social forces, and Industrie
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According to an embodiment of the present invention, an alerting system includes an activation device coupled to a first human and operable to emit a first signal, a transceiver coupled to the first human and operable to detect the first... more
According to an embodiment of the present invention, an alerting system includes an activation device coupled to a first human and operable to emit a first signal, a transceiver coupled to the first human and operable to detect the first signal and emit a second signal in response thereto, a receiver coupled to a second human and operable to receive a second signal, and an indicator coupled to the receiver and operable to activate in response to receipt of the second signal.
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... Residential housing sales data from the San Francisco Bay area are merged with earth-quake hazard measures, geologic measures, neigh-borhood quality measures, and community charac-teristics in order to estimate the hedonic price of... more
... Residential housing sales data from the San Francisco Bay area are merged with earth-quake hazard measures, geologic measures, neigh-borhood quality measures, and community charac-teristics in order to estimate the hedonic price of earthquake risk before and after the ...
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This study investigated developmental trajectories for prosocial behavior for a sample followed from age 10 - 18 and examined possible adjustment outcomes associated with membership in different trajectory groups. Participants were 136... more
This study investigated developmental trajectories for prosocial behavior for a sample followed from age 10 - 18 and examined possible adjustment outcomes associated with membership in different trajectory groups. Participants were 136 boys and 148 girls, their teachers, and their parents (19.4% African American, 2.4% Asian, 51.9% Caucasian, 19.5% Hispanic, and 5.8% other). Teachers rated children's prosocial behavior yearly in grades 4 - 12. At the end of the 12(th) grade year, teachers, parents, and participants reported externalizing behaviors and participants reported internalizing symptoms, narcissism, and features of borderline personality disorder. Results suggested that prosocial behavior remained stable from middle childhood through late adolescence. Group-based mixture modeling revealed three prosocial trajectory groups: low (18.7%), medium (52.8%), and high (29.6%). Membership in the high prosocial trajectory group predicted lower levels of externalizing behavior as compared to the low prosocial trajectory group, and for girls, lower levels of internalizing symptoms. Membership in the medium prosocial trajectory group also predicted being lower on externalizing behaviors. Membership in the high prosocial trajectory group predicted lower levels of borderline personality features for girls only.
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Students choose to take an economics class for various reasons. Some students have a goal of attaining admission to a business school or a specific job. Others desire the class for less concrete reasons such as an interest in... more
Students choose to take an economics class for various reasons. Some students have a goal of attaining admission to a business school or a specific job. Others desire the class for less concrete reasons such as an interest in understanding how to analyze policy or for general ...
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ABSTRACT Data are often observed in a binary form: vote for or vote against; buy or don’t buy; build or don’t build; move or don’t move, etc. In classical econometrics this situation has been extensively studied and appropriate procedures... more
ABSTRACT Data are often observed in a binary form: vote for or vote against; buy or don’t buy; build or don’t build; move or don’t move, etc. In classical econometrics this situation has been extensively studied and appropriate procedures developed to handle the nature of the data. The standard model however does not allow for spatial processes to drive the choices made by decision makers. For example, whether one city increases its sales tax may depend the actions of neighboring cities. Whether one jurisdiction subsidizes the construction of a new sports arena depends on the options that are offered to the sports enterprise by other jurisdictions — which has been occurring with increasing frequency in the United States, at the threat of the team moving elsewhere. In both of these cases, the conventional probit model fails to account for interdependencies.
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Students choose to take an economics class for various reasons. Some students have a goal of attaining admission to a business school or a specific job. Others desire the class for less concrete reasons such as an interest in... more
Students choose to take an economics class for various reasons. Some students have a goal of attaining admission to a business school or a specific job. Others desire the class for less concrete reasons such as an interest in understanding how to analyze policy or for general ...
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An upward extension of the Revised Social Experience Questionnaire (Paquette & Underwood, 1999) was tested in a sample of adolescents followed longitudinally from 7th through 10th grade. We hypothesized that a... more
An upward extension of the Revised Social Experience Questionnaire (Paquette & Underwood, 1999) was tested in a sample of adolescents followed longitudinally from 7th through 10th grade. We hypothesized that a 2-factor model with overt and social victimization factors would fit the data better than would a unidimensional model (a single general victimization factor) or a 3-factor model (separately examining verbal, physical, and social victimization). The 2-factor model best represented the data, and we found support for longitudinal invariance of this model across 7th through 10th grades for both boys and girls. Such findings of temporal invariance are important for further longitudinal comparisons, and we suggest future directions for using the Revised Adolescent Social Experience Questionnaire to examine stability and change in victimization as well as evaluating the effectiveness of intervention programs.
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Non-compliance with child support orders is separated into absent fathers who pay none of their obligation and those who make partial payments. This paper reports policy findings from an updated empirical study of those paying nothing.... more
Non-compliance with child support orders is separated into absent fathers who pay none of their obligation and those who make partial payments. This paper reports policy findings from an updated empirical study of those paying nothing. Such findings support better payment performance when the collection/ expenditure ratio is greater in a state's Child Support Enforcement Program. The paper argues that
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PURPOSE The aim of the study was to examine the concurrent and longitudinal associations between adolescents' text messaging frequency and mental health symptoms across 4 years of high school. METHODS A total of 203 adolescents (aged... more
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to examine the concurrent and longitudinal associations between adolescents' text messaging frequency and mental health symptoms across 4 years of high school. METHODS A total of 203 adolescents (aged 14-18 years) consented and were provided smartphones across 4 years of high school. Using billing records, daily frequencies of text messaging were created for each year. Adolescents reported on their mental health symptoms (internalizing, externalizing, social problems, and inattention) each summer. RESULTS Multilevel analyses tested the between- and within-person associations between texting and mental health symptoms. Between-person analyses revealed an association only between externalizing symptoms and texting. Girls who texted more (vs. less) frequently reported more externalizing and inattention symptoms, whereas there were no significant associations for boys. There were no significant within-person concurrent associations between texting and symptoms. Autoregressive latent cross-lagged model with structured residuals testing the longitudinal, bidirectional associations also did not find significant relations across 4 years of adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Across analyses, few robust associations emerged. Adolescent girls who text messaged more frequently reported greater externalizing and inattention symptoms. Contrasting the popular narrative that smartphones cause depression, this study did not find any consistent within-person or longitudinal associations between texting and mental health symptoms across adolescence. Research on the content, rather than quantity, of texts and device use is necessary to understand the potential effects on development.
Research Interests: Psychology, Education, Child and adolescent mental health, Mental Health, Adolescent Health, and 10 moreMobile Phones, Adolescence (Psychology), Medicine, Digital Communications, Text Messaging, Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior in Adolescence, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Elsevier, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
Research Interests: Psychology and Aggression
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Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Developmental Psychology, Parenting, Child Development, and 13 moreAdolescent Development, Personality Disorders, Adolescent, Social behavior, Child Behavior, Humans, Child, Aggression, Female, Male, American Psychological Association, Social Behavior, and Adolescent Behavior
This investigation examines whether negative interparental conflict strategies (stonewalling, triangulation, verbal aggression, and physical aggression) and parenting styles are related to social and physical aggression with peers for... more
This investigation examines whether negative interparental conflict strategies (stonewalling, triangulation, verbal aggression, and physical aggression) and parenting styles are related to social and physical aggression with peers for children followed longitudinally from age 9 to 10 (N = 256). Parents reported on negative conflict strategies and parenting styles at the beginning of the study and teachers rated children's social and physical aggression with peers when children were in the 3rd and 4th grades. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that, for girls, mothers' negative interparental conflict strategies were positively associated with both social and physical aggression with peers. Mothers' negative conflict strategies were not related to boys' social and physical aggression at school, fathers' negative conflict strategies were not related to aggression for either gender, and no relations emerged for parenting styles. These results offer partial sup...
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Objective The relationship between academic achievement, especially grade point average (GPA), and college athletics is often focused on “big-time” (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I (NCAA DI)) colleges. This study... more
Objective The relationship between academic achievement, especially grade point average (GPA), and college athletics is often focused on “big-time” (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I (NCAA DI)) colleges. This study examines athletic and academic identity correlates with student-athlete (SA) GPA for not only DI but also DII and DIII SAs, separately by sex. Methods The GPAs of over 19,000 SAs across divisions are analyzed using OLS with covariates including athletic and academic indicators. The analysis pools SAs, separates by division, and separates by division and sex. Additional analyses were conducted for the revenue-producing sports. Results SAs’ GPA is directly influenced by their athletic versus academic identity, the athletic context including the coach's influence, and the seriousness with which they view academics. Cross-equation joint testing found no statistical differences in athletic or academic identity across division and sex. Conclusions Two beliefs are widely presumed: that DI SAs' focus on athletics more than SAs in the “less competitive” divisions leads them to worse academic outcomes, and that the athletic identity of male SAs has a greater impact on academic performance than female SAs. Our results provide no evidence for either presumption.
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Objective. The relationship between academic achievement, especially grade point average (GPA), and college athletics is often focused on "big-time" (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I (NCAA DI)) colleges. This study... more
Objective. The relationship between academic achievement, especially grade point average (GPA), and college athletics is often focused on "big-time" (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I (NCAA DI)) colleges. This study examines athletic and academic identity correlates with student-athlete (SA) GPA for not only DI but also DII and DIII SAs, separately by sex. Methods. The GPAs of over 19,000 SAs across divisions are analyzed using OLS with covariates including athletic and academic indicators. The analysis pools SAs, separates by division, and separates by division and sex. Additional analyses were conducted for the revenue-producing sports. Results. SAs' GPA is directly influenced by their athletic versus academic identity, the athletic context including the coach's influence, and the seriousness with which they view academics. Cross-equation joint testing found no statistical differences in athletic or academic identity across division and sex. Conclusions. Two beliefs are widely presumed: that DI SAs' focus on athletics more than SAs in the "less competitive" divisions leads them to worse academic outcomes, and that the athletic identity of male SAs has a greater impact on academic performance than female SAs. Our results provide no evidence for either presumption. The relationship between collegiate athletics and academic achievement has been a source of persistent discussion for years. Throughout most of this research, however, the focus has been on the high-profile (revenue-producing) sports of football and basketball in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (DI). Published research focusing on academics and athletics across the other two divisions-by themselves and in comparison to DI-as well as comparisons with the non-revenue-producing sports is very underdeveloped. In addition to this line of work, but also very much related, is the relationship between gender and academic performance. Much of the academic literature regarding women in collegiate sports tends to focus on issues germane to Title IX (Anderson, Cheslock, and Ehrenberg, 2006), as well as specific issues such as self-esteem, disordered eating (Johnson et al., 2004), and gender role orientation (Harrison and Lynch, 2005). Missing from this line of work is a consideration of more academic and sport-related factors that may influence academic performance.
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This paper develops a correlated probit model to describe dichotomous choices that may contain a public-goods component or some other forms of interdependency. The key contribution of the paper is to formulate tests for interdependent... more
This paper develops a correlated probit model to describe dichotomous choices that may contain a public-goods component or some other forms of interdependency. The key contribution of the paper is to formulate tests for interdependent behavior among agents. In particular, we examine the decisions by nations whether or not to ratify the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone
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This research examined developmental trajectories for social and physical aggression for a sample followed from age 9 to 18, and investigated possible family predictors of following different trajectory groups. Participants were 158 girls... more
This research examined developmental trajectories for social and physical aggression for a sample followed from age 9 to 18, and investigated possible family predictors of following different trajectory groups. Participants were 158 girls and 138 boys, their teachers, and their parents (21% African American, 5.3% Asian, 51.6% Caucasian, and 21% Hispanic). Teachers rated children's social and physical aggression yearly in grades 3-12. Participants' parent (83% mothers) reported on family income, conflict strategies, and maternal authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. The results suggested that both social and physical aggression decline slightly from middle childhood through late adolescence. Using a dual trajectory model, group-based mixture modeling revealed three trajectory groups for both social and physical aggression: low-, medium-, and high-desisting for social aggression, and stably-low, stably-medium, and high-desisting for physical aggression. Membership in higher trajectory groups was predicted by being from a single-parent family, and having a parent high on permissiveness. Being male was related to both elevated physical aggression trajectories and the medium-desisting social aggression trajectory. Negative interparental conflict strategies did not predict social or physical aggression trajectories when permissive parenting was included in the model. Permissive parenting in middle childhood predicted following higher social aggression trajectories across many years, which suggests that parents setting fewer limits on children's behaviors may have lasting consequences for their peer relations. Future research should examine transactional relations between parenting styles and practices and aggression to understand the mechanisms that may contribute to changes in involvement in social and physical aggression across childhood and adolescence.
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Research Interests: Human Geography, Spatial Analysis, Poverty, Adolescent, Child Behavior, and 4 moreHumans, Child, Female, and Male
... Page 8. American Journal of Sociology tion of the occupations (Steinberg et al. 1986; England 1992, chap. 3; England et al. 1994). Our analysis will take nurturant skills to be the exemplar of a skill associated with women and will... more
... Page 8. American Journal of Sociology tion of the occupations (Steinberg et al. 1986; England 1992, chap. 3; England et al. 1994). Our analysis will take nurturant skills to be the exemplar of a skill associated with women and will test whether it is devalued. ...