Aggression

During middle childhood and adolescence, victimisation appears to be a group process involving different participant roles. However, peer reports with younger children (four to six years old) have failed to identify the participant roles of assistant (to the bully) reinforcers or defenders with much reliability. This may be because peer victimisation is a more dyadic process among younger children (behavioural reality), or because of limitations in young children’s cognitive capacity to identify these behaviours (cognitive limitations). The findings of an observational study which examined the group nature of peer victimisation among young children are presented. Observations were made of 56 children aged four and five years using time sampling during free play at school (totalling 43.5 h of observation). Records were made of their behaviour when an onlooker witnessed aggression by others, and also of others’ behaviour when they were being aggressive or being victimised. Although children other than the aggressor and target were present in nearly two thirds of the episodes of peer victimisation observed, few exhibited behavioural responses in line with the assistant, reinforcer or defender roles. This supports the behavioural reality rather than the cognitive limitations explanation. Sex differences were observed in types of aggression displayed by children, with boys more likely than girls to be physically aggressive. Children were less likely to be aggressive to other-sex peers and were most likely to be victimised by children of the same sex as them. There were also sex differences in children’s onlooker behaviour. The implications for our understanding of the development of peer victimisation and bullying in children are discussed.

Precondition to prevention and control of morbidity and mortality of myocardial ischemia--coronary disease, is its good diagnostic. Goal of this study is to asses diagnostic significance of positive trademill stress test in diagnosis of coronary disease. we analyzed 120 patients with markedly positive classic trademill stress test using Bruce protocol in the year 2003. In all cases, positive stress test was followed by selective angiography, using standard technique with multiple sections. Blood vessel narrowing of more than 50% was chosen as the criteria for positive angiographie finding. With the help of coronary angiography, it was found that 62 (51.7%) of patients has stenosis of less than 50% or normal angiographic finding. 58 (48.3%) of patients had stenosis of more than 50%. Of that number, 24 (41.4%) had one-vessel coronary disease, 12 (20.7%) two-vessel coronary disease, and 10 (34.5%) three-vessel coronary disease. 2 patients (3.4%) had stenosis of the trunk of left corona...

Sağlıkta şiddet, kamusal bir sorun olma bağlamında anlaşılıp açıklanmasında yazılı basının önemli bir temsil alanı olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Özellikle sektörel bir sorun olarak tanımlanan ve hastalar ile sağlık çalışanlarının ilişkisi sonucu ortaya çıkan şiddet haberleri, yazılı basın açısından önemli bir haber nesnesi haline dönüşmektedir. Yapılan çalışmada sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet haberlerini tespit etmek için Hürriyet, Milliyet ve Cumhuriyet gazeteleri incelenmiştir. Verileri analiz edebilmek için gazetelerin resmi internet sayfalarında yer alan mevcut arşivlerine yeniden eskiye sıralanarak ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada gazetelerin, 1 Ocak 2017- 21 Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında günlük yayım yapan sağlıkta şiddet konusunu ele alan toplam 501 gazete haberine erişilmiştir. Gazete haberlerinden 143 tanesi ‘’sağlıkta şiddete yönelik yaşanan’’ haberleri kapsarken, 358 tanesi ‘’sağlıkta şiddete yönelik tepkide bulunan’’ haberleri kapsamaktadır. Toplanan verileri ise analiz edebilmek için MAXQDA 2018 nitel veri analiz programına yüklenilmiş ve betimsel istatistiki yöntemler sayesinde analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. MAXQDA 2018 nitel veri analiz programında tematik kodlama yapılarak içerik analizi değerlendirilmiş ve bulgular yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre ise gazete haberlerinde sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet sıklığı, Türkiye’nin genelini yansıtabilecek çalışmalarda saptananlarla benzerlik gösterebilecek şekilde oldukça yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır