International Journal of Green Economics, Nov 7, 2014
ABSTRACT The advancement in information and communication technology based businesses and social ... more ABSTRACT The advancement in information and communication technology based businesses and social practices in last few decades have transformed many, if not most, economies into e-economy and businesses into e-businesses. Technology has the potential to create sustainable business and society both in grim and green economic times. Data centres are found major culprits in consuming too much energy in their overall operations and generating huge amount of CO2. This paper determines the properties and attributes of green IT infrastructures and provides ways for achieving green sustainable businesses. The proposed green IT attributes and characteristics using virtualisation technology are very industrious and efficient for data centres to be more energy efficient and green, hence reducing the emission of greenhouse gases so that the overall effect on global warming can be reduced or even eliminated.
ABSTRACT The development of entrepreneurial skills within the education system increases the poss... more ABSTRACT The development of entrepreneurial skills within the education system increases the possibility of producing more entrepreneurs in future. Many economists now believe that entrepreneurship plays an important role in economic growth of a country. Entrepreneurial education can be used as a mediation tool for impacting attitude of people towards entrepreneurship. A Mentor plays an important role in entrepreneurial development of an individual. It is a mentor who guide entrepreneur from conception of business to product development and business growth, but in order to provide mentoring a mentor need to have certain qualities and a proven track record. Select the right mentor is most important because a mentor who is incompatible with entrepreneur’s personality or requirement may cost entrepreneur the whole business. This research puts a light on subjective and objective qualities a mentor should possess and will provide a guideline to protégé regarding selection of appropriate mentor.
International Journal of Global Warming, Jan 3, 2015
The environmental footprint of ICT continues to increase. Data centres are key contributors of gr... more The environmental footprint of ICT continues to increase. Data centres are key contributors of greenhouse gas emissions that pollute the environment and cause global warming. All data centres are overwhelmed with numerous servers as the major components of processing. These servers and other equipment consume high amounts of power, thereby emitting CO2. In an average server environment, 30% of the servers are ‘dead’ and only consume energy, but such servers are not properly utilised, in which their utilisation ratios range from 5% to 10%. This paper proposes a new algorithm to manage and categorise the workload of different underutilised volume servers properly to increase their utilisation capacity. The proposed algorithm helps apply server consolidation methodology and increases the utilisation ratio of underutilised servers by up to 50%, thereby saving high amounts of power and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 88%.
ABSTRACT The advancement in information and communication technology based businesses and social ... more ABSTRACT The advancement in information and communication technology based businesses and social practices in last few decades have transformed many, if not most, economies into e-economy and businesses into e-businesses. Technology has the potential to create sustainable business and society both in grim and green economic times. Data centres are found major culprits in consuming too much energy in their overall operations and generating huge amount of CO2. This paper determines the properties and attributes of green IT infrastructures and provides ways for achieving green sustainable businesses. The proposed green IT attributes and characteristics using virtualisation technology are very industrious and efficient for data centres to be more energy efficient and green, hence reducing the emission of greenhouse gases so that the overall effect on global warming can be reduced or even eliminated.
A Data center comprises of servers, storage devices, cooling and power delivery equipment to supp... more A Data center comprises of servers, storage devices, cooling and power delivery equipment to support other components, exchange data and information to provide general services such as software-as-a-service (SaaS), platform as-a-service (PaaS), and Internet-as-a-service (IaaS). Data centers require massive amount of computational power to drive complex systems. In return these massive systems bring many challenges and concerns including power dissipation and environmental sustainability. Higher power demand in data centers and changes in computing technology together to maximize data center performance has led to deploying multitude methods to estimate power intensity. Energy cost increment, global economic downturn, and global warming and other concerns have resulted in new research in achieving power efficient data centers. The research proposed in this paper evaluates three task scheduling algorithms RASA, TPPC, and PALB to get the most energy efficient task scheduling algorithm to be used in data centers for measuring their performance and efficiency. The three algorithms are evaluated for performance using three parameters; power efficiency, cost effectiveness, and amount of CO2 emissions. On top of that data center location and climate conditions are also considered and analyzed as parameters as they directly effect the operating costs, the amount of power consumption and CO2 emission. To minimize the power wasted by data center cooling systems is directly related to data center location and climate change. CloudSim simulator is used to implement the algorithms on an IaaS cloud infrastructure, to calculate the power consumption, and to analyze each algorithm's behavior for different parameters. The results generated clearly shows that TPPC is the most efficient algorithm due to less amount of power consumption and low volume of CO2 emission; however its implementation cost is bit higher compare to PALB and RASA.
ABSTRACT The development of entrepreneurial skills within the education system increases the poss... more ABSTRACT The development of entrepreneurial skills within the education system increases the possibility of producing more entrepreneurs in future. Many economists now believe that entrepreneurship plays an important role in economic growth of a country. Entrepreneurial education can be used as a mediation tool for impacting attitude of people towards entrepreneurship. A Mentor plays an important role in entrepreneurial development of an individual. It is a mentor who guide entrepreneur from conception of business to product development and business growth, but in order to provide mentoring a mentor need to have certain qualities and a proven track record. Select the right mentor is most important because a mentor who is incompatible with entrepreneur’s personality or requirement may cost entrepreneur the whole business. This research puts a light on subjective and objective qualities a mentor should possess and will provide a guideline to protégé regarding selection of appropriate mentor.
—Internet of Thing (IoT) has been attracting the interest of researchers in recent years. Traditi... more —Internet of Thing (IoT) has been attracting the interest of researchers in recent years. Traditionally, only handful types of devices had the capability to be connected to internet/intranet, but due to the latest developments in RFID, NFC, smart sensors and communication protocols billions of heterogeneous devices are being connected each year. From smart phones uploading the data regarding location and fitness to smart grids uploading the data regarding energy consumption and distribution, these devices are generating a huge amount of data each passing moment. This research paper proposes a data management framework to securely manage the huge amount of data that is being generated by IoT enabled devices. The proposed framework is divided into nine layers. The framework incorporates layers such as data collection layer, fog computing layer, integrity management layer, security layer, data aggregation layer, data analysis layer, data storage layer, application layer and archiving layer. The security layer has been proposed as a background layer because all layers shall ensure the privacy and security of the data. These layers will help in managing the data from the point where it is generated by an IoT enabled device until the point where the data is archived at the data center.
—Advancement in deep unsupervised learning are finally bringing machine learning close to natural... more —Advancement in deep unsupervised learning are finally bringing machine learning close to natural learning, which happens with as few as one labeled instance. Ladder Networks are the newest deep learning architecture that proposes semi-supervised learning at scale. This work discusses how the ladder network model successfully combines supervised and unsupervised learning taking it beyond the pre-training realm. The model learns from the structure, rather than the labels alone transforming it from a label learner to a structural observer. We extend the previously-reported results by lowering the number of labels, and report an error of 1.27 on 40 labels only, on the MNIST dataset that in a fully supervised setting, uses 60000 labeled training instances.
—The use of data analytics to constitute a winning team for the least cost has become the standar... more —The use of data analytics to constitute a winning team for the least cost has become the standard modus operandi in club leagues, beginning from Sabermetrics for the game of basketball. Our motivation is to implement this phenomenon in other sports as well, and for the purpose of this work we present a model for football, for which to the best of our knowledge, previous work does not exist. The main objective is to pick the best possible squad from an available pool of players. This will help decide which team of 11 football players is best to play against a particular opponent, perform prediction of future matches and helps team management in preparing the team for the future. We argue in favour of a semi-supervised learning approach in order to quantify and predict player performance from team data with mutual influence among players, and report win accuracies of around 60%.
This paper focuses on the implementation of virtualization technology in data centers to provide ... more This paper focuses on the implementation of virtualization technology in data centers to provide efficient solutions for increasing the efficiency and performance of data center. Data centers are the building blocks of IT business enterprises providing the capabilities of centralized repository for storage, management, networking and dissemination of data. With the rapid increase in the capacity and size of data centers, there is a continuous increase in the demand for energy consumption. These data centers not only consume a tremendous amount of energy but are riddled with IT inefficiencies. Data center are plagued with thousands of servers as major components. These servers consume huge energy without performing useful work. In an average server environment, 30% of the servers are “dead” only consuming energy, without being properly utilized. Their utilization ratio is only 5 to 10 percent. This paper proposes a five step model using an emerging technology called virtualization to achieve energy efficient data centers. This process helps to make data centers green and energy efficient so as to ensure that IT infrastructure contributes as little as possible to the emission of green house gases, and helps to regain power and cooling capacity, recapture resilience and dramatically reducing energy costs and total cost of ownership.
The increasing demand for storage, networking and computation has driven the escalation of large ... more The increasing demand for storage, networking and computation has driven the escalation of large complex data centers, the massive server farms that run many of today’s Internet, financial, commercial and business applications. A data center can comprise many thousands of servers and can use as much energy as a small city. The massive amounts of computation power required to drive these server systems results in many challenges like energy consumption, emission of green house gases, backups and recovery issues, etc. The rising costs of oil and global warming are some of the biggest challenges of today’s world. The research proposed in this paper discusses how virtualization can be used to improve the performance and energy efficiency of data centers. To prove this work, Green Information Technology (IT) based framework is developed to seamlessly and securely divide data center components into different resource pools depending on different parameters like energy consumption ratio, utilization ratio, workloads, etc. The framework highlights the importance of implementing green metrics like power usage effectiveness (PUE) and data center effectiveness, and carbon emission calculator to measure the efficiency of data center in terms of energy utilization and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The framework is based on virtualization and cloud computing to increase the utilization ratio of already installed servers from 10% to more than 50%.
Software Change Impact Analysis (SCIA) has defined as a process of identifying the consequences o... more Software Change Impact Analysis (SCIA) has defined as a process of identifying the consequences of the software changes requests. Almost no major corporations are free from the challenge of developing and implementing successful strategies for managing change. Different studies have been conducted in this subject for the last two decades, several approaches have been proposed. But most of these studies have less support to the current process of a software change management. The complexities of software change development nowadays cause the process of managing software change to be difficulty. There is major organizations that are free from the challenges of initiating, developing and implementing effective software changes management. As a result, software practitioners recognize that strategic change is not temporary issues but it’s continued process. Only few project managers got the ability to manage the change efficiently. Therefore, this paper investigates issues of change impact analysis process and identifies and compares current practice issues of a software change impact analysis, by evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. It also reviews existing tools and models of change impact analysis and how it supports to the current software change managements. Hence, it proposes existing process issues and suggests the need of an effective process of software change management.
Reducing the impact of greenhouse gases on climate change is an attempt to tackle global warming ... more Reducing the impact of greenhouse gases on climate change is an attempt to tackle global warming issues. It is a challenge many companies and businesses are trying to undertake. The research proposed in this paper discusses online delivery of mails through online postal services to deliver mails electronically later be printed by service providers to deliver at destinations. This technique reduces cost, time and carbon emission caused by conventional postal delivery system. A green postal services framework was proposed to deliver and exchange mails destined to appropriate locations. It increases efficiency and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases hazardous for global warming. An algorithm is designed to help postal service provider to shift to a new paradigm of electronic postal services to improve the quality of service. Results clearly show that by implementing proposed framework there is an enormous amount of decrease in over all carbon footprints and costs.
This paper highlights the importance of identifying and implementing Power Usage Effectiveness me... more This paper highlights the importance of identifying and implementing Power Usage Effectiveness metrics for measuring the performance and efficiency of data center to accomplish cost and operational savings. The research highlighted in this paper emphasizes the importance of green data centers to meet business industry requirements and to reduce the effects of global warming. The results clearly indicate that there a strong need for the implementation of green metrics like power usage effectiveness as done in one of the tier level data center in Pakistan. The outcome from paper show that overall performance and efficiency of data center investigated was very poor due to the underutilization of installed equipments like servers. This measurement helps data center managers to implement green IT initiatives and techniques to improve performance of already installed components.
International Journal of Green Economics, Nov 7, 2014
ABSTRACT The advancement in information and communication technology based businesses and social ... more ABSTRACT The advancement in information and communication technology based businesses and social practices in last few decades have transformed many, if not most, economies into e-economy and businesses into e-businesses. Technology has the potential to create sustainable business and society both in grim and green economic times. Data centres are found major culprits in consuming too much energy in their overall operations and generating huge amount of CO2. This paper determines the properties and attributes of green IT infrastructures and provides ways for achieving green sustainable businesses. The proposed green IT attributes and characteristics using virtualisation technology are very industrious and efficient for data centres to be more energy efficient and green, hence reducing the emission of greenhouse gases so that the overall effect on global warming can be reduced or even eliminated.
ABSTRACT The development of entrepreneurial skills within the education system increases the poss... more ABSTRACT The development of entrepreneurial skills within the education system increases the possibility of producing more entrepreneurs in future. Many economists now believe that entrepreneurship plays an important role in economic growth of a country. Entrepreneurial education can be used as a mediation tool for impacting attitude of people towards entrepreneurship. A Mentor plays an important role in entrepreneurial development of an individual. It is a mentor who guide entrepreneur from conception of business to product development and business growth, but in order to provide mentoring a mentor need to have certain qualities and a proven track record. Select the right mentor is most important because a mentor who is incompatible with entrepreneur’s personality or requirement may cost entrepreneur the whole business. This research puts a light on subjective and objective qualities a mentor should possess and will provide a guideline to protégé regarding selection of appropriate mentor.
International Journal of Global Warming, Jan 3, 2015
The environmental footprint of ICT continues to increase. Data centres are key contributors of gr... more The environmental footprint of ICT continues to increase. Data centres are key contributors of greenhouse gas emissions that pollute the environment and cause global warming. All data centres are overwhelmed with numerous servers as the major components of processing. These servers and other equipment consume high amounts of power, thereby emitting CO2. In an average server environment, 30% of the servers are ‘dead’ and only consume energy, but such servers are not properly utilised, in which their utilisation ratios range from 5% to 10%. This paper proposes a new algorithm to manage and categorise the workload of different underutilised volume servers properly to increase their utilisation capacity. The proposed algorithm helps apply server consolidation methodology and increases the utilisation ratio of underutilised servers by up to 50%, thereby saving high amounts of power and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 88%.
ABSTRACT The advancement in information and communication technology based businesses and social ... more ABSTRACT The advancement in information and communication technology based businesses and social practices in last few decades have transformed many, if not most, economies into e-economy and businesses into e-businesses. Technology has the potential to create sustainable business and society both in grim and green economic times. Data centres are found major culprits in consuming too much energy in their overall operations and generating huge amount of CO2. This paper determines the properties and attributes of green IT infrastructures and provides ways for achieving green sustainable businesses. The proposed green IT attributes and characteristics using virtualisation technology are very industrious and efficient for data centres to be more energy efficient and green, hence reducing the emission of greenhouse gases so that the overall effect on global warming can be reduced or even eliminated.
A Data center comprises of servers, storage devices, cooling and power delivery equipment to supp... more A Data center comprises of servers, storage devices, cooling and power delivery equipment to support other components, exchange data and information to provide general services such as software-as-a-service (SaaS), platform as-a-service (PaaS), and Internet-as-a-service (IaaS). Data centers require massive amount of computational power to drive complex systems. In return these massive systems bring many challenges and concerns including power dissipation and environmental sustainability. Higher power demand in data centers and changes in computing technology together to maximize data center performance has led to deploying multitude methods to estimate power intensity. Energy cost increment, global economic downturn, and global warming and other concerns have resulted in new research in achieving power efficient data centers. The research proposed in this paper evaluates three task scheduling algorithms RASA, TPPC, and PALB to get the most energy efficient task scheduling algorithm to be used in data centers for measuring their performance and efficiency. The three algorithms are evaluated for performance using three parameters; power efficiency, cost effectiveness, and amount of CO2 emissions. On top of that data center location and climate conditions are also considered and analyzed as parameters as they directly effect the operating costs, the amount of power consumption and CO2 emission. To minimize the power wasted by data center cooling systems is directly related to data center location and climate change. CloudSim simulator is used to implement the algorithms on an IaaS cloud infrastructure, to calculate the power consumption, and to analyze each algorithm's behavior for different parameters. The results generated clearly shows that TPPC is the most efficient algorithm due to less amount of power consumption and low volume of CO2 emission; however its implementation cost is bit higher compare to PALB and RASA.
ABSTRACT The development of entrepreneurial skills within the education system increases the poss... more ABSTRACT The development of entrepreneurial skills within the education system increases the possibility of producing more entrepreneurs in future. Many economists now believe that entrepreneurship plays an important role in economic growth of a country. Entrepreneurial education can be used as a mediation tool for impacting attitude of people towards entrepreneurship. A Mentor plays an important role in entrepreneurial development of an individual. It is a mentor who guide entrepreneur from conception of business to product development and business growth, but in order to provide mentoring a mentor need to have certain qualities and a proven track record. Select the right mentor is most important because a mentor who is incompatible with entrepreneur’s personality or requirement may cost entrepreneur the whole business. This research puts a light on subjective and objective qualities a mentor should possess and will provide a guideline to protégé regarding selection of appropriate mentor.
—Internet of Thing (IoT) has been attracting the interest of researchers in recent years. Traditi... more —Internet of Thing (IoT) has been attracting the interest of researchers in recent years. Traditionally, only handful types of devices had the capability to be connected to internet/intranet, but due to the latest developments in RFID, NFC, smart sensors and communication protocols billions of heterogeneous devices are being connected each year. From smart phones uploading the data regarding location and fitness to smart grids uploading the data regarding energy consumption and distribution, these devices are generating a huge amount of data each passing moment. This research paper proposes a data management framework to securely manage the huge amount of data that is being generated by IoT enabled devices. The proposed framework is divided into nine layers. The framework incorporates layers such as data collection layer, fog computing layer, integrity management layer, security layer, data aggregation layer, data analysis layer, data storage layer, application layer and archiving layer. The security layer has been proposed as a background layer because all layers shall ensure the privacy and security of the data. These layers will help in managing the data from the point where it is generated by an IoT enabled device until the point where the data is archived at the data center.
—Advancement in deep unsupervised learning are finally bringing machine learning close to natural... more —Advancement in deep unsupervised learning are finally bringing machine learning close to natural learning, which happens with as few as one labeled instance. Ladder Networks are the newest deep learning architecture that proposes semi-supervised learning at scale. This work discusses how the ladder network model successfully combines supervised and unsupervised learning taking it beyond the pre-training realm. The model learns from the structure, rather than the labels alone transforming it from a label learner to a structural observer. We extend the previously-reported results by lowering the number of labels, and report an error of 1.27 on 40 labels only, on the MNIST dataset that in a fully supervised setting, uses 60000 labeled training instances.
—The use of data analytics to constitute a winning team for the least cost has become the standar... more —The use of data analytics to constitute a winning team for the least cost has become the standard modus operandi in club leagues, beginning from Sabermetrics for the game of basketball. Our motivation is to implement this phenomenon in other sports as well, and for the purpose of this work we present a model for football, for which to the best of our knowledge, previous work does not exist. The main objective is to pick the best possible squad from an available pool of players. This will help decide which team of 11 football players is best to play against a particular opponent, perform prediction of future matches and helps team management in preparing the team for the future. We argue in favour of a semi-supervised learning approach in order to quantify and predict player performance from team data with mutual influence among players, and report win accuracies of around 60%.
This paper focuses on the implementation of virtualization technology in data centers to provide ... more This paper focuses on the implementation of virtualization technology in data centers to provide efficient solutions for increasing the efficiency and performance of data center. Data centers are the building blocks of IT business enterprises providing the capabilities of centralized repository for storage, management, networking and dissemination of data. With the rapid increase in the capacity and size of data centers, there is a continuous increase in the demand for energy consumption. These data centers not only consume a tremendous amount of energy but are riddled with IT inefficiencies. Data center are plagued with thousands of servers as major components. These servers consume huge energy without performing useful work. In an average server environment, 30% of the servers are “dead” only consuming energy, without being properly utilized. Their utilization ratio is only 5 to 10 percent. This paper proposes a five step model using an emerging technology called virtualization to achieve energy efficient data centers. This process helps to make data centers green and energy efficient so as to ensure that IT infrastructure contributes as little as possible to the emission of green house gases, and helps to regain power and cooling capacity, recapture resilience and dramatically reducing energy costs and total cost of ownership.
The increasing demand for storage, networking and computation has driven the escalation of large ... more The increasing demand for storage, networking and computation has driven the escalation of large complex data centers, the massive server farms that run many of today’s Internet, financial, commercial and business applications. A data center can comprise many thousands of servers and can use as much energy as a small city. The massive amounts of computation power required to drive these server systems results in many challenges like energy consumption, emission of green house gases, backups and recovery issues, etc. The rising costs of oil and global warming are some of the biggest challenges of today’s world. The research proposed in this paper discusses how virtualization can be used to improve the performance and energy efficiency of data centers. To prove this work, Green Information Technology (IT) based framework is developed to seamlessly and securely divide data center components into different resource pools depending on different parameters like energy consumption ratio, utilization ratio, workloads, etc. The framework highlights the importance of implementing green metrics like power usage effectiveness (PUE) and data center effectiveness, and carbon emission calculator to measure the efficiency of data center in terms of energy utilization and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The framework is based on virtualization and cloud computing to increase the utilization ratio of already installed servers from 10% to more than 50%.
Software Change Impact Analysis (SCIA) has defined as a process of identifying the consequences o... more Software Change Impact Analysis (SCIA) has defined as a process of identifying the consequences of the software changes requests. Almost no major corporations are free from the challenge of developing and implementing successful strategies for managing change. Different studies have been conducted in this subject for the last two decades, several approaches have been proposed. But most of these studies have less support to the current process of a software change management. The complexities of software change development nowadays cause the process of managing software change to be difficulty. There is major organizations that are free from the challenges of initiating, developing and implementing effective software changes management. As a result, software practitioners recognize that strategic change is not temporary issues but it’s continued process. Only few project managers got the ability to manage the change efficiently. Therefore, this paper investigates issues of change impact analysis process and identifies and compares current practice issues of a software change impact analysis, by evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. It also reviews existing tools and models of change impact analysis and how it supports to the current software change managements. Hence, it proposes existing process issues and suggests the need of an effective process of software change management.
Reducing the impact of greenhouse gases on climate change is an attempt to tackle global warming ... more Reducing the impact of greenhouse gases on climate change is an attempt to tackle global warming issues. It is a challenge many companies and businesses are trying to undertake. The research proposed in this paper discusses online delivery of mails through online postal services to deliver mails electronically later be printed by service providers to deliver at destinations. This technique reduces cost, time and carbon emission caused by conventional postal delivery system. A green postal services framework was proposed to deliver and exchange mails destined to appropriate locations. It increases efficiency and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases hazardous for global warming. An algorithm is designed to help postal service provider to shift to a new paradigm of electronic postal services to improve the quality of service. Results clearly show that by implementing proposed framework there is an enormous amount of decrease in over all carbon footprints and costs.
This paper highlights the importance of identifying and implementing Power Usage Effectiveness me... more This paper highlights the importance of identifying and implementing Power Usage Effectiveness metrics for measuring the performance and efficiency of data center to accomplish cost and operational savings. The research highlighted in this paper emphasizes the importance of green data centers to meet business industry requirements and to reduce the effects of global warming. The results clearly indicate that there a strong need for the implementation of green metrics like power usage effectiveness as done in one of the tier level data center in Pakistan. The outcome from paper show that overall performance and efficiency of data center investigated was very poor due to the underutilization of installed equipments like servers. This measurement helps data center managers to implement green IT initiatives and techniques to improve performance of already installed components.
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Papers by Jamshed Memon