Emeritus Professor Science, Technology and Society (STS); Academic Director of the Netherlands Graduate Research School of Science, Technology and Modern Culture (WTMC) Address: University of Twente Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social sciences (BMS) Building 10 (Ravelijn) P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
PRACTICE OF TECHNOLOGY POLICY EVALUATION IN GERMANY: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW by Stefan Kuhlmann... more PRACTICE OF TECHNOLOGY POLICY EVALUATION IN GERMANY: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW by Stefan Kuhlmann and Frieder Meyer-Krahmer Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Karlsruhe The Aim of the Book Public technology and ...
Policymakers are increasingly drawn to the idea of transformative innovation policy. This takes t... more Policymakers are increasingly drawn to the idea of transformative innovation policy. This takes the form of setting overarching strategic initiatives that include and enable deep changes to social, technological and economic systems. Part of this includes the turn in research agendas towards tackling grand societal challenges and meeting sustainable development goals. Recently, this transformative turn has led to an interest in mission-oriented approach to research policy at both national and EU levels. With Horizon Europe's missions, the EU stands poised to make big, long-term, top-down commitments in science and technology, as part of a transformative approach to innovation involving both social and technical interventions. The traditional image of a mission is as a moon-shot – set a target, and go for it. But for most potential research missions, in areas such as climate change or public health, the questions cannot be defined in advance. This means that being highly prescriptive at an early stage about what research should be done and what it should achieve risks failure. There’s a strong case for a more tentative approach to policymaking.
Der Sammelband enthalt Beitrage uber das FuE-Potential der ehemaligen DDR, uber unternehmerische ... more Der Sammelband enthalt Beitrage uber das FuE-Potential der ehemaligen DDR, uber unternehmerische Apassungsprozesse, uber Dynamik und Perspektiven der wirtschaftsnahen Forschung sowie uber die Entwicklung innovationsorientierter Dienstleistungen in den neuen Bundeslandern. Die Forschungsergebnisse reflektieren deutlich die Dynamik, Heterogenitat und Kompliziertheit des bisherigen Strukturwandels in Ostdeutschland von 1990 bis 1994. Sie dokumentieren insbesondere den technologischen Umbruch in den neuen Bundeslandern und gestatten erste Schlusse fur die aktuellen industriellen und technologischen Veranderungen in Ost- und Mitteleuropa. Das Buch gibt Vertretern aus Wissenschaft, Industrie und Politik Anregungen im Rahmen ihrer Arbeiten zur Unterstutzung der Transformationsprozesse in Ostdeutschland und -europa.
PRACTICE OF TECHNOLOGY POLICY EVALUATION IN GERMANY: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW by Stefan Kuhlmann... more PRACTICE OF TECHNOLOGY POLICY EVALUATION IN GERMANY: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW by Stefan Kuhlmann and Frieder Meyer-Krahmer Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Karlsruhe The Aim of the Book Public technology and ...
Policymakers are increasingly drawn to the idea of transformative innovation policy. This takes t... more Policymakers are increasingly drawn to the idea of transformative innovation policy. This takes the form of setting overarching strategic initiatives that include and enable deep changes to social, technological and economic systems. Part of this includes the turn in research agendas towards tackling grand societal challenges and meeting sustainable development goals. Recently, this transformative turn has led to an interest in mission-oriented approach to research policy at both national and EU levels. With Horizon Europe's missions, the EU stands poised to make big, long-term, top-down commitments in science and technology, as part of a transformative approach to innovation involving both social and technical interventions. The traditional image of a mission is as a moon-shot – set a target, and go for it. But for most potential research missions, in areas such as climate change or public health, the questions cannot be defined in advance. This means that being highly prescriptive at an early stage about what research should be done and what it should achieve risks failure. There’s a strong case for a more tentative approach to policymaking.
Der Sammelband enthalt Beitrage uber das FuE-Potential der ehemaligen DDR, uber unternehmerische ... more Der Sammelband enthalt Beitrage uber das FuE-Potential der ehemaligen DDR, uber unternehmerische Apassungsprozesse, uber Dynamik und Perspektiven der wirtschaftsnahen Forschung sowie uber die Entwicklung innovationsorientierter Dienstleistungen in den neuen Bundeslandern. Die Forschungsergebnisse reflektieren deutlich die Dynamik, Heterogenitat und Kompliziertheit des bisherigen Strukturwandels in Ostdeutschland von 1990 bis 1994. Sie dokumentieren insbesondere den technologischen Umbruch in den neuen Bundeslandern und gestatten erste Schlusse fur die aktuellen industriellen und technologischen Veranderungen in Ost- und Mitteleuropa. Das Buch gibt Vertretern aus Wissenschaft, Industrie und Politik Anregungen im Rahmen ihrer Arbeiten zur Unterstutzung der Transformationsprozesse in Ostdeutschland und -europa.
Handbook on Science and Public Policy, Cheltenham, UK (Edward Elgar), 12 – 25, 2019
The idea of a ‘next generation’, here of science policy, is rhetorically powerful. On the one han... more The idea of a ‘next generation’, here of science policy, is rhetorically powerful. On the one hand, it invites the reader to consider what is changing, and diagnose what these changes are about. On the other hand, it also conveys a sense of inevitability of the changes. An example from the 1990s and early 2000s of a perceived generational shift in science policy is the analysis, by Michael Gibbons et al. (1994), of a new mode of knowledge production, which they call ‘Mode 2’ and which is the successor to ‘Mode 1’: the numbering creates rhetorical force in the same way the label ‘next generation’ does.1 At its height as a science policy fashion it was a triumphant narrative (Rip 2014): Mode 2 is upon us, inevitably, and you had better not resist, or you will be left behind. Such a triumphant narrative can certainly raise attention and a sense of urgency.
This Handbook on Science and Public Policy will capture a landscape in flux: the relation between... more This Handbook on Science and Public Policy will capture a landscape in flux: the relation between science and society has been changing in the last decades, and it has become a hot topic in the science system and in science policy studies. Even though historically the topic is not new, it seems that the roles of science and innovation are being debated more explicitly: the demand for science-based innovation is growing while the legitimation of scientific research is being questioned. Scientific knowledge is hailed as a significant societal and economic resource in global competition. Innovations emerging from science are considered to be the key to market success and prosperity. At the same time, scientific knowledge and research-based innovation are supposed to address so-called grand societal challenges and help achieve ‘sustainable development goals’ (United Nations 2015). Yet, there is also pressure to legitimise the increasing amounts of public funding for research worldwide. And the questions ‘how does society benefit from science?’ and ‘which research is “relevant” and “useful”?’ are raised emphatically. This Handbook assembles state-of-the-art insights into the co-evolutionary and precarious relations between science and public policy. Beyond this, it also offers a fresh outlook on emerging challenges for science (including technology and innovation) in changing societies, and related policy requirements, as well as the challenges for public policy in view of science-driven economic, societal, and cultural changes. In short, this book deals with science as a policy-triggered project as well as public policy as a science-driven venture.
In book "Research Handbook on Innovation Governance for Emerging Economies - Towards Better Model... more In book "Research Handbook on Innovation Governance for Emerging Economies - Towards Better Models", editors: Stefan Kuhlmann and Gonzalo Ordonez, ISBN: 978 1 78347 190 4.
Although in recent years some emerging economies have improved their performance in terms of R&D investment, outputs and innovative capacity, these countries are still blighted by extreme poverty, inequality and social exclusion. Hence, emerging countries are exposed to conditions which differ quite substantially from the dominant OECD model of innovation policy for development and welfare. This Handbook contributes to the debate by looking at how innovation theory, policy and practice interact, and explains different types of configurations in countries that are characterized by two contrasting but mutually reinforcing features: systemic failure and resourcefulness. Focusing on innovation governance and public policies, it aims to understand related governance failures and to explore options for alternative, more efficient approaches. 'This volume addresses head-on one of the main challenges of the 21st century: how to realize the new Sustainable Development Goals in emerging economies and developing countries. The contributors not only offer first-rate and original research, but also daringly take normative stances on how to better use knowledge, science, technology and innovation for development. The volume critically reviews existing innovation policies and convincingly offers a comprehensive set of alternative models. The turn from a traditional growth-based innovation policy to a more socially inclusive policy transcends the divide between development studies and science, technology and innovation studies.
Although in recent years some emerging economies have improved their performance in terms of R&D ... more Although in recent years some emerging economies have improved their performance in terms of R&D investment, outputs and innovative capacity, these countries are still blighted by extreme poverty, inequality and social exclusion. Hence, emerging countries are exposed to conditions which differ quite substantially from the dominant OECD model of innovation policy for development and welfare. This Handbook contributes to the debate by looking at how innovation theory, policy and practice interact, and explains different types of configurations in countries that are characterized by two contrasting but mutually reinforcing features: systemic failure and resourcefulness. Focusing on innovation governance and public policies, it aims to understand related governance failures and to explore options for alternative, more efficient approaches. 'This volume addresses head-on one of the main challenges of the 21st century: how to realize the new Sustainable Development Goals in emerging economies and developing countries. The contributors not only offer first-rate and original research, but also daringly take normative stances on how to better use knowledge, science, technology and innovation for development. The volume critically reviews existing innovation policies and convincingly offers a comprehensive set of alternative models. The turn from a traditional growth-based innovation policy to a more socially inclusive policy transcends the divide between development studies and science, technology and innovation studies.
in Carayannis, E. G., Campbell, D. F., Efthymiopoulos, M. P. (Eds.), Handbook of Cyber-Developmen... more in Carayannis, E. G., Campbell, D. F., Efthymiopoulos, M. P. (Eds.), Handbook of Cyber-Development, Cyber-Democracy, and Cyber-Defense. (Berlin: Springer).
The shift from governance of to governance by information infrastructures has major implications for innovation policy. With algorithmic governance, regimes of inclusion/exclusion “sink” in information infrastructures that act as decision-makers. Inclusive governance of innovation thus needs to dig deeper into technological details. This chapter focuses on one major aspect that characterizes algorithmic decision-making, namely the overlap between policy and practice. Drawing upon the innovation dance metaphor, we ask whether any space for theory can be acknowledged when algorithmic governance tightly couples policy and practice. We first attempt to theoretically answer this question by introducing the Science and Technology Studies notion of “de-scription” as a translation of rules and behaviours from extra-somatic material devices to explicit textual instructions. We propose that space for innovation theory can be conceived of as a descriptive activity. We then exemplify the overlapping argument against the case of blockchain technologies. Blockchains are the algorithmic software underpinning peer-to-peer electronic payment systems – the most renowned of which is Bitcoin. We argue that blockchains “inscribe trust” into software, and thus constitute self-standing governance mechanisms. By analysing a recent controversy in the Bitcoin community, we show that space for theory is more likely to emerge when a controversy arises, that requires description in order to recruit new allies. This evidence suggests that the relationship between theory and inclusion might be inverted: inclusion might not be the outcome of theory, but space for theory is the result of controversies in which opposite factions carry out recruitment strategies.
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conveys a sense of inevitability of the changes. An example from the 1990s and early 2000s of a perceived generational shift in science policy is the
analysis, by Michael Gibbons et al. (1994), of a new mode of knowledge
production, which they call ‘Mode 2’ and which is the successor to ‘Mode 1’: the numbering creates rhetorical force in the same way the label ‘next generation’ does.1 At its height as a science policy fashion it was a triumphant narrative (Rip 2014): Mode 2 is upon us, inevitably, and you had better not resist, or you will be left behind. Such a triumphant narrative can certainly raise attention and a sense of urgency.
science policy studies. Even though historically the topic is not new, it seems that the roles of science and innovation are being debated more explicitly: the demand for science-based innovation is growing while the legitimation of scientific research is being questioned. Scientific knowledge is hailed as a significant societal and economic resource in global competition. Innovations emerging from science are considered to be the key to market success and prosperity. At the same time, scientific knowledge
and research-based innovation are supposed to address so-called grand societal challenges and help achieve ‘sustainable development goals’ (United Nations 2015). Yet, there is also pressure to legitimise the increasing amounts of public funding for research worldwide. And the questions ‘how does society benefit from science?’ and ‘which research is “relevant” and “useful”?’ are raised emphatically.
This Handbook assembles state-of-the-art insights into the co-evolutionary and precarious relations between science and public policy. Beyond this, it also offers a fresh outlook on emerging challenges for science (including technology and innovation) in changing societies, and related policy requirements, as well as the challenges for public policy in view of science-driven economic, societal, and cultural changes. In short, this book deals with science as a policy-triggered project as well as public policy as a science-driven venture.
Although in recent years some emerging economies have improved their performance in terms of R&D investment, outputs and innovative capacity, these countries are still blighted by extreme poverty, inequality and social exclusion. Hence, emerging countries are exposed to conditions which differ quite substantially from the dominant OECD model of innovation policy for development and welfare. This Handbook contributes to the debate by looking at how innovation theory, policy and practice interact, and explains different types of configurations in countries that are characterized by two contrasting but mutually reinforcing features: systemic failure and resourcefulness. Focusing on innovation governance and public policies, it aims to understand related governance failures and to explore options for alternative, more efficient approaches. 'This volume addresses head-on one of the main challenges of the 21st century: how to realize the new Sustainable Development Goals in emerging economies and developing countries. The contributors not only offer first-rate and original research, but also daringly take normative stances on how to better use knowledge, science, technology and innovation for development. The volume critically reviews existing innovation policies and convincingly offers a comprehensive set of alternative models. The turn from a traditional growth-based innovation policy to a more socially inclusive policy transcends the divide between development studies and science, technology and innovation studies.
The shift from governance of to governance by information infrastructures has major implications for innovation policy. With algorithmic governance, regimes of inclusion/exclusion “sink” in information infrastructures that act as decision-makers. Inclusive governance of innovation thus needs to dig deeper into technological details. This chapter focuses on one major aspect that characterizes algorithmic decision-making, namely the overlap between policy and practice. Drawing upon the innovation dance metaphor, we ask whether any space for theory can be acknowledged when algorithmic governance tightly couples policy and practice. We first attempt to theoretically answer this question by introducing the Science and Technology Studies notion of “de-scription” as a translation of rules and behaviours from extra-somatic material devices to explicit textual instructions. We propose that space for innovation theory can be conceived of as a descriptive activity. We then exemplify the overlapping argument against the case of blockchain technologies. Blockchains are the algorithmic software underpinning peer-to-peer electronic payment systems – the most renowned of which is Bitcoin. We argue that blockchains “inscribe trust” into software, and thus constitute self-standing governance mechanisms. By analysing a recent controversy in the Bitcoin community, we show that space for theory is more likely to emerge when a controversy arises, that requires description in order to recruit new allies. This evidence suggests that the relationship between theory and inclusion might be inverted: inclusion might not be the outcome of theory, but space for theory is the result of controversies in which opposite factions carry out recruitment strategies.