Los macroútiles han sido habitualmente marginados de los estu- dios, debido al peso que ha tenido... more Los macroútiles han sido habitualmente marginados de los estu- dios, debido al peso que ha tenido la industria lítica tallada para la observación de los cambios y continuidades cronológicos y culturales. Sin embargo, estos elementos aparecen en yacimien- tos arqueológicos asociados a diferentes contextos geográficos y cronológicos, lo cual les confiere un valor como marcadores de la adaptación y de la evolución técnica desarrollada por los grupos humanos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis detallado de un objeto procedente del yacimiento de Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faro (València), asociado a niveles grave- tienses. La singularidad de su morfología, de la materia prima y la presencia de huellas de uso apreciables a nivel macroscópico motivaron la aplicación de diferentes metodologías de estudio sobre la pieza para su comprensión. El análisis de las huellas de uso apunta a que esta roca carbonatada fue utilizada en activi- dades asociadas con el tratamiento de la piel. La diferenciación de dos grupos de huellas de uso ha determinado la distinción de dos tareas desarrolladas con el objeto. La presencia de residuos que se pueden correlacionar con el uso de la pieza se ha evaluado aplicando una aproximación multianalítica y no destructiva. Además, se han aplicado técnicas de espectroscopía atómica y molecular junto con estadística multivariante, con el objetivo de identificar la potencial fuente de materia prima. El interés de este estudio reside en la combinación de aproximaciones para el estudio de un macroútil. Todo ello ha permitido ampliar la limitada información que se tiene sobre este tipo de materiales, y abrir el debate sobre el conocimiento del nivel tecnológico alcanzado por los grupos humanos.
In this work, we present a preliminary analysis of the Solutrean antlerworking at Hort de Cortés-... more In this work, we present a preliminary analysis of the Solutrean antlerworking at Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faro (Valencia, Spain) (ca. 26-21 ka cal BP). A restudy of its archaeological sequence, which came to encompass the Early Upper Palaeolithic to the Magdalenian period, has been a mandatory subject in the last years. This site became an archaeological reference since the beginning of its excavation in the 1960s but has not been systematically studied. The implementation of more specialized studies is used a) to observe the distribution of technical pieces in the stratigraphy and identify possible stratigraphic alterations and b) to restudy a huge lithic, osseous, and faunal collection which can provide new information that may clarify them. The aim is to develop a systematic study, from a technological point of view, to identify and characterize operational schemes and to define the modalities of antlerworking. The technological analysis of waste products, blanks, roughouts, and objects allows us to observe how raw material is obtained and transformed into a toolkit following the refitting by default method. It will help us analyze some questions about the raw material acquisition and transformation like (1) selection between hunted and shed antlers and its possible explanation, (2) the existence of planning of tool manufacture, and (3) the step-by-step production of the debitage. We will extract conclusions and analyze different social aspects: (1) by identifying technical traditions and comparing them with other studied sites and periods and (2) by knowing a new aspect of the way of life of these human groups.
El desarrollo de dos campañas de excavación realizadas en el 2021 en el Abric de l'Hedra (Ontinye... more El desarrollo de dos campañas de excavación realizadas en el 2021 en el Abric de l'Hedra (Ontinyent, Valencia) ha propiciado la recuperación de materiales, sobre todo líticos y restos de fauna, y datos preliminares sobre las ocupaciones en el yacimiento. La industria lítica apunta a la diferenciación de dos grandes episodios ocupacionales que remiten al Paleolítico superior y al Paleolítico medio. El estudio de la fauna abre la discusión sobre cuestiones relacionadas con las estrategias de subsistencia de los grupos que utilizaron el abrigo, relacionándolas con los patrones conocidos para la región.
The archaeological investigations carried out in the last twenty years in the Lower Valley of the... more The archaeological investigations carried out in the last twenty years in the Lower Valley of the River Güena ˜ (Asturias, central part of northern Spain) have documented different prehistoric sites, particularly with Middle and Upper Palaeolithic occupations. This paper presents the first results of the archaeological excavation carried out in the cave of La Cuevona de Avín. From the systematic study of the biotic and abiotic remains, a total of three occupation phases (Phases 1 to 3) have been determined, dated in the Late Pleistocene. The lithic studies indicate the use of local raw materials (mainly quartzite), but also regional ones (different types of flint) in the whole sequence. Retouched implements are typologically representative only during the Upper Magdalenian (Phase II) and use-wear analysis indicates the manufacture and use of artefacts in situ during this phase. Archaeozoological studies reveal continuity in subsistence strategies throughout the sequence, noting specialization in red deer hunting during the Azilian (Phase I), and more diversified prey in the older phases of the sequence
The interest of this paper lies in the analysis of variability detected within the group of splin... more The interest of this paper lies in the analysis of variability detected within the group of splintered pieces, establishing distinctions within this broad category. A technological and traceological reading has been used for this purpose. These analyses have been applied to two geographically distant, chronologically disparate assemblages, which make up our case study, Grotta della Serratura, (Italy) and Cueva de Nerja (Spain). Addressing these assemblages together has allowed us to compare the different contexts in which they developed. We have found that the presence of these pieces can be correlated with different points in the chaîne opératoire, knapping, retouch or use; they may all be found at the same site or may be the consequence of a single phase. We have taken these sites as the basis for defining the different categories. This work is therefore intended to be used as a reference for researchers studying lithic assemblages containing such pieces.
Alba: revista d'estudis comarcals de la Vall d'Albaida, 2021
L’estudi dels materials de l’Abric de l’Hedra, procedents de les arreplegades en superfície, va p... more L’estudi dels materials de l’Abric de l’Hedra, procedents de les arreplegades en superfície, va proporcionar elements suficients per tal d’ubicar el jaciment en un context crono-cultural que remetia al Paleolític superior. L’antiguitat de les ocupacions així com el bon estat de conservació del lloc van incentivar l’inici de dos campanyes d’excavació que han tingut lloc durant l’any 2021. Presentem ací, de forma molt sintètica, les tasques realitzades a d’aquestes campanyes i un avanç dels resultats obtinguts.
This work describes the site of Cova de l’Hedra, located in Ontinyent (la Vall d’Albaida, Valence... more This work describes the site of Cova de l’Hedra, located in Ontinyent (la Vall d’Albaida, Valence) and the chronology of the occupations based on the study of the archaeological remains recovered in the 1970s. The results allow a chronocultural ascription ranging from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age.
The interest of this paper lies in the analysis of variability detected within the group of splin... more The interest of this paper lies in the analysis of variability detected within the group of splintered pieces, establishing distinctions within this broad category. A technological and traceological reading has been used for this purpose. These analyses have been applied to two geographically distant, chronologically disparate assemblages, which make up our case study, Grotta della Serratura, (Italy) and Cueva de Nerja (Spain). Addressing these assemblages together has allowed us to compare the different contexts in which they developed. We have found that the presence of these pieces can be correlated with different points in the chaîne opératoire, knapping, retouch or use; they may all be found at the same site or may be the consequence of a single phase. We have taken these sites as the basis for defining the different categories. This work is therefore intended to be used as a reference for researchers studying lithic assemblages containing such pieces.
Roman, D.; García-Argüelles, P.; Fullola, J. M. 2020 Las Facies microlaminares del final del Paleolítico en el Mediterráneo ibérico y el valle del Ebro, 2020
At the end of the Late Glacial period, the laminar-microlaminar techno-complexes of Mediterranean... more At the end of the Late Glacial period, the laminar-microlaminar techno-complexes of Mediterranean regions of the Iberian Peninsula exhibit a common Magdalenian substrate. At the same time, the regional data show some variability that is difficult to fit into a single evolutionary model. This paper seeks to analyse the main trends in the techno-economic system as a whole, without paying particular attention to changes in the typological indices of retouched tools. On the contrary, it indicates the growing presence of non-formalised lithic industries, perishable materials and a more numerous and diverse bone industry than has previously been accepted. The objective is to evaluate whether the economic trends and the different phases and facies (Epipalaeolithic, Microlaminar, Epimagdalenian, Sauveterroid) can be considered part of a technological cycle that we call Magdalenian. To address these issues, we look at the central and southern region of the Iberian Peninsula, between the River Palancia and Gibraltar, for the period between 15 and 10 ka cal. BP. It is an extensive region that presents significant limitations in terms of sequences, dating and bioarchaeological and techno-economic data.
Al final del Tardiglaciar, los tecnocomplejos laminares-microlaminares de las regiones mediterráneas ibéricas muestran un sustrato magdaleniense compartido. Al mismo tiempo, los datos regionales muestran cierta variabilidad que es difícil de encajar en un modelo único. Esta aportación pretende analizar las principales tendencias en el sistema tecno-económico en su conjunto, sin prestar una atención preferente a los cambios en los índices tipológicos del utillaje configurado. Por el contrario, se indica la presencia creciente de industrias líticas no formalizadas, de materiales perecederos y de una industria ósea más numerosa y diversa que lo admitido hasta ahora. En paralelo, se pretende evaluar si las tendencias económicas que registran las faunas de mamíferos y las diferentes fases y facies (Epipaleolítico, Microlaminar, Epimagdaleniense, Sauveterrroide) pueden ser consideradas como partes de un ciclo tecnológico que denominamos Magdaleniense. Para abordar estas cuestiones nos ocuparemos de la región centro-meridional ibérica, entre el rio Palancia y Gibraltar, para el periodo comprendido entre 15-10 ka cal. BP. Se trata de una extensa región que presenta importantes limitaciones de secuencias, dataciones, datos bioarqueológicos y tecno-económicos.
RESUMEN Los resultados de las excavaciones realizadas entre 1968 y 1984 en la Cova de Hort de Cor... more RESUMEN Los resultados de las excavaciones realizadas entre 1968 y 1984 en la Cova de Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faro quedaron limitados a iden-tificar materiales solutrenses, magdalenienses y neolíticos-calcolíticos. Una lectura crítica de la Memoria de excavaciones, publicada en 2003, permitió plantear la posibilidad de la presencia de ocupaciones anteriores, posiblemente gravetienses. En 2018 se iniciaron nuevos trabajos en el yacimiento, dentro de un proyecto que pretende recuperar información a partir de los cortes de las antiguas excavaciones. Los datos obtenidos en el área más externa (corte frontal posterior, cuadrícula O4) han permitido retomar la discusión sobre la existencia de los niveles presolutrenses. Los primeros resultados, sobre los trabajos realizados en el perímetro del sector A de las antiguas excavaciones, así como los datos geoaqueológicos, radiocarbónicos e industriales plantean una serie de alternativas sobre la formación y conservación del depósito que supone un punto de partida para la comprensión de un yacimiento complejo. LABURPENA 1968 eta 1984 artean Cova de Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faron egindako indusketen emaitzak Solutre aldiko, Madeleine aldiko eta Neo-lito-Kalkolito aldiko materialak identifikatzera mugatu ziren. 2003an indusketa-memoriaren irakurketa kritiko bat argitaratu zen, eta irakurketa hark lehenagoko okupazioen (beharbada okupazio Gravettiarrak) presentzia mahai gainean jartzeko aukera eman zuen. 2018an lan berriak hasi zituzten aztarnategian, garai bateko indusketen ebakiduretatik abiatuta informazioa berreskuratzea helburu duen proiektu baten baitan. Kanpoaldeko eremuan jasotako datuek (atzealdeko ebakidura frontala, O4 laukia) Solutre aldiaren aurreko mailak daudenaren inguruko ez-tabaidari berriro ekitea ahalbidetu dute. Garai bateko indusketetako A sektorearen perimetroan egindako lanen gaineko emaitzek eta datu geoarkeologikoek, erradiokarbonikoek eta industrialek metakinaren eratzearen eta kontserbazioaren gaineko hainbat alternatiba jarri dituzte mahai gainean, eta hori aztarnategi konplexu bat ulertzeko abiapuntua da. ABSTRACT The excavation of the Volcán del Faro site (Cullera, Valencia) did not live up to the expectations created after the discovery of the perforated staff. The prospect of a new Palaeolithic sequence, close to that of Parpalló (Gandia, Valencia), brought with it the possibility of obtaining new palaeoenvironmental, chronostratigraphic and archaeological data. However, the results of excavations carried out between 1968 and 1984 only identified Solutrean, Magdalenian and Neolithic-Chalcolithic materials. No chronostratigraphic data were obtained and the description of lithic and osseous industries was based on subjective considerations. Therefore, the repeated mention of Solutrean morphotypes, which were of Magdalenian chronology according to their excavator, could not be compared with any other site. Likewise, it was not possible to obtain any radiocarbon dates, largely due to poor collagen conservation, or lithostratigraphic data or a description of lithic and osseous industries that could be compared at a regional level. The only palaeoenvironmental and palaeoeconomic data were incorporated into the study of mam-malian fauna carried out by I. Davidson, a reference work in studies of the Palaeolithic economy in the Spanish Mediterranean region.
Thirteen fieldworks campaigns were carried out in the multistratified Palaeolithic site of Hort d... more Thirteen fieldworks campaigns were carried out in the multistratified Palaeolithic site of Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faro (HC-VF), the results of which were published in various papers and notes up to the definitive report of 2003. The first campaigns set its interest and parallels with the nearby sequence of Parpalló Cave (Gandia). However, the assessments were unfortunately limited to the Magdalenian evolution, almost neglecting the study of the Solutrean and Pre-Solutrean deposits. Reanalysis and critical reading of the report made it feasible to identify not only levels cited previously, but also Badegoulian levels and maybe there were even earlier Gravettian occupations.We presented at 2018 a research project to frame the study of the technical, economical and social trajectories of the prehistoric hunter-gatherers that inhabited it.
L'Abric de l'Hedra, situat en el marge de la serra de la Solana, al nord d'Ontinyent, és un gran ... more L'Abric de l'Hedra, situat en el marge de la serra de la Solana, al nord d'Ontinyent, és un gran abric rocós, amb bona potència sedimentària. Cap als anys 1970 es van localitzar en superfície, restes de talla de sílex que poden adscriure's al Paleolític superior. Fins el moment no ha estat objecte d'excavacions ni investigacions. En el present article es fa una aproximació al jaciment i un primer estudi dels seus materials superficials.
Archaeological research has been carried out
in the Eastern Rif (Morocco) since 1995 by a collabo... more Archaeological research has been carried out in the Eastern Rif (Morocco) since 1995 by a collaborative Moroccan-German research team. A major topic of the project is the transition from hunting-gathering to food production and related cultural developments. Innovations such as pottery and domesticated species appeared around 7.6 ka calBP. The cultivation of cereals and pulses is evident at that time. Two of the most important sites in the area are Ifri Oudadane and Ifri n’Etsedda. Both provide Epipaleolithic as well as Neolithic deposits. While innovative technologies such as pottery production and cultivation indicate external influences, lithic artifacts demonstrate local technological and behavioral traditions. Therefore, the study of lithic industries is crucial to understanding the nature of cultural continuity and discontinuity between the huntinggathering and agricultural populations in the Eastern Rif. Ifri n’Etsedda provides two distinct Epipaleolithic deposits and thus offers the opportunity to study possible changes throughout the Epipalaeolithic and relationship to the later Early Neolithic (ENC). In combination with the earlier phases of Early Neolithic assemblages (ENA, ENB) at Ifri Oudadane, we are now in a better position to understand the development of early-to-mid Holocene lithic technology in the Eastern Rif.We show that the lithic record of Ifri n’Etsedda does not indicate any significant change in raw material supply, blank production, and tool distribution from the Early Epipaleolithic to the Early Neolithic B. Therefore, we argue for behavioral continuity from the Epipaleolithic to the Neolithic period. In contrast, the assemblages of the Early Neolithic C show changes in lithic technology.
6é Congrés d’Estudis de la Marina Alta Institut d’Estudis Comarcal de la Marina Alta, 2019
Les recerques en el jaciment de les coves de Santa Maira (Castell de Castells) han permès documen... more Les recerques en el jaciment de les coves de Santa Maira (Castell de Castells) han permès documentar una àmplia seqüència cronostratigràfica, arqueològica i paleoambiental, amb ocupacions humanes des de l'últim Pleniglacial fins al Neolític (aproximadament entre fa 20.000 i 5.500 anys abans del present) i materials puntuals que arriben a temps històrics recents. La informació extreta, per la qualitat del registre arqueològic, constitueix una referència de primer ordre en la discussió del trànsit Plistocè-Holocè a la regió mediterrània peninsular. Però a banda d'això la cavitat també ens ha ofert dades importants sobre els processos de canvi cultural , sobre les relacions entre la mitja muntanya i la costa i una de les poques mostres evidents de canibalisme en un context mesolític (8.500-8.000 anys abans del present). Finalment, un plafó d'art rupestre llevantí (declarat patrimoni mundial per la UNESCO el 1998) ens parla d'un altre tipus de manifestacions vinculades a aquest jaciment.
For the first time we compare lithic production systems from the three archaeological phases iden... more For the first time we compare lithic production systems from the three archaeological phases identified in the Iberian Mediterranean region between 14.5 and 10.5 ky cal BP: final Magdalenian, microlaminar Epipalaeolithic and sauveterroid Epipalaeolithic. These phases coincided with rapid palaeoenvironmental changes, whose effects on a peripheral region of southern Europe require a regional analysis. The basic blanks used in all three phases were blades and bladelets and there is considerable typological homogeneity. The results obtained in the study of the three phases identified at Coves de Santa Maira provide new grounds for discussion about lithic production systems during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Through this study it has been possible to establish the local and regional origin of the raw materials. At the same time, it has been observed that the standardisation typical of the classic Magdalenian decreased and there was an increase in more flexible and opportunistic chaînes opératoires, in addition to the absence of some stone points that are characteristic of more northern facies and cultures. The results have made it possible to contextualise the known data for the central-southern region of the Iberian Peninsula, allowing us to draw up a regional model of lithic production systems and assess the continuity or break between the three phases, as well as providing new possibilities to investigate the relationship with other facies and regional groups.
ZEPHYRVS REVISTA DE PREHISTORIA Y ARQUEOLOGÍA, 2019
En la Región Mediterránea ibérica resulta difícil encontrar estudios dedicados a los percuto- res... more En la Región Mediterránea ibérica resulta difícil encontrar estudios dedicados a los percuto- res-retocadores empleados en la producción lítica del Epipaleolítico. En este trabajo se presenta el estudio de 11 pequeños cantos localizados en coves de Santa Maira (Castell de Castells, Alicante), que fueron recuperados en los niveles epipaleolíticos, datados entre 13445 y 10195 años cal bp. Se trata de cantos rodados, aplanados y de tendencia alargada, en los que se han identificado diversas marcas. Están asociados a una numerosa industria lítica, dominada por láminas y laminitas, que permite relacionar los percutores y los sistemas de producción. En paralelo al estudio de las marcas de uso, se ha realizado un programa experimental cuyo objetivo era identificar los diferentes gestos empleados durante la talla y configuración de útiles retocados. La comparación entre los cantos arqueológicos y los experimentales muestra coincidencias en las marcas, en su posición y asociación. Es- tos resultados plantean que la hipótesis más probable de uso fue su empleo en diferentes fases de la producción lítica: desde la talla al retoque. Los paralelos encontrados en otros yacimientos peninsulares y del Mediterráneo occidental señalan que también pudieron intervenir en otras tareas, e incluso podrían haberse utilizado en acti- vidades combinadas.
Within the evolutionary dynamics of post-Gravettian techno-complexes, one can observe an intense ... more Within the evolutionary dynamics of post-Gravettian techno-complexes, one can observe an intense re- gionalization phenomenon, both on a European scale, with the creation of two main provinces, and within the Italian peninsula. To date, typological studies have led to the recognition of several Italian Epigravettian facies, identifying trends, similarities, and differences in the lithic complexes. An important contribution was made by the technological method which in recent years has allowed us to identify the evolutionary processes of the lithic industries in numerous deposits of northern Italy. It is the intent of this reporting to add information which contributes to the debate on the latest Pleistocene complexes, expanding the area to southern Italy. The Grotta della Serratura, by virtue of a large and well-detailed stratigraphy, the optimum state of conservation of the findings, and for previous interdisciplinary studies that have been undertaken, represents an excellent reference site for the lower Tyrrhenian Italian coast. Thus it begins to bring new technological data to already known collections in an area rich in archaeological evidence that can make important contributions to the discussion of the lithic complexes in the Mediterranean area from the late Upper Paleolithic.
Los macroútiles han sido habitualmente marginados de los estu- dios, debido al peso que ha tenido... more Los macroútiles han sido habitualmente marginados de los estu- dios, debido al peso que ha tenido la industria lítica tallada para la observación de los cambios y continuidades cronológicos y culturales. Sin embargo, estos elementos aparecen en yacimien- tos arqueológicos asociados a diferentes contextos geográficos y cronológicos, lo cual les confiere un valor como marcadores de la adaptación y de la evolución técnica desarrollada por los grupos humanos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis detallado de un objeto procedente del yacimiento de Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faro (València), asociado a niveles grave- tienses. La singularidad de su morfología, de la materia prima y la presencia de huellas de uso apreciables a nivel macroscópico motivaron la aplicación de diferentes metodologías de estudio sobre la pieza para su comprensión. El análisis de las huellas de uso apunta a que esta roca carbonatada fue utilizada en activi- dades asociadas con el tratamiento de la piel. La diferenciación de dos grupos de huellas de uso ha determinado la distinción de dos tareas desarrolladas con el objeto. La presencia de residuos que se pueden correlacionar con el uso de la pieza se ha evaluado aplicando una aproximación multianalítica y no destructiva. Además, se han aplicado técnicas de espectroscopía atómica y molecular junto con estadística multivariante, con el objetivo de identificar la potencial fuente de materia prima. El interés de este estudio reside en la combinación de aproximaciones para el estudio de un macroútil. Todo ello ha permitido ampliar la limitada información que se tiene sobre este tipo de materiales, y abrir el debate sobre el conocimiento del nivel tecnológico alcanzado por los grupos humanos.
In this work, we present a preliminary analysis of the Solutrean antlerworking at Hort de Cortés-... more In this work, we present a preliminary analysis of the Solutrean antlerworking at Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faro (Valencia, Spain) (ca. 26-21 ka cal BP). A restudy of its archaeological sequence, which came to encompass the Early Upper Palaeolithic to the Magdalenian period, has been a mandatory subject in the last years. This site became an archaeological reference since the beginning of its excavation in the 1960s but has not been systematically studied. The implementation of more specialized studies is used a) to observe the distribution of technical pieces in the stratigraphy and identify possible stratigraphic alterations and b) to restudy a huge lithic, osseous, and faunal collection which can provide new information that may clarify them. The aim is to develop a systematic study, from a technological point of view, to identify and characterize operational schemes and to define the modalities of antlerworking. The technological analysis of waste products, blanks, roughouts, and objects allows us to observe how raw material is obtained and transformed into a toolkit following the refitting by default method. It will help us analyze some questions about the raw material acquisition and transformation like (1) selection between hunted and shed antlers and its possible explanation, (2) the existence of planning of tool manufacture, and (3) the step-by-step production of the debitage. We will extract conclusions and analyze different social aspects: (1) by identifying technical traditions and comparing them with other studied sites and periods and (2) by knowing a new aspect of the way of life of these human groups.
El desarrollo de dos campañas de excavación realizadas en el 2021 en el Abric de l'Hedra (Ontinye... more El desarrollo de dos campañas de excavación realizadas en el 2021 en el Abric de l'Hedra (Ontinyent, Valencia) ha propiciado la recuperación de materiales, sobre todo líticos y restos de fauna, y datos preliminares sobre las ocupaciones en el yacimiento. La industria lítica apunta a la diferenciación de dos grandes episodios ocupacionales que remiten al Paleolítico superior y al Paleolítico medio. El estudio de la fauna abre la discusión sobre cuestiones relacionadas con las estrategias de subsistencia de los grupos que utilizaron el abrigo, relacionándolas con los patrones conocidos para la región.
The archaeological investigations carried out in the last twenty years in the Lower Valley of the... more The archaeological investigations carried out in the last twenty years in the Lower Valley of the River Güena ˜ (Asturias, central part of northern Spain) have documented different prehistoric sites, particularly with Middle and Upper Palaeolithic occupations. This paper presents the first results of the archaeological excavation carried out in the cave of La Cuevona de Avín. From the systematic study of the biotic and abiotic remains, a total of three occupation phases (Phases 1 to 3) have been determined, dated in the Late Pleistocene. The lithic studies indicate the use of local raw materials (mainly quartzite), but also regional ones (different types of flint) in the whole sequence. Retouched implements are typologically representative only during the Upper Magdalenian (Phase II) and use-wear analysis indicates the manufacture and use of artefacts in situ during this phase. Archaeozoological studies reveal continuity in subsistence strategies throughout the sequence, noting specialization in red deer hunting during the Azilian (Phase I), and more diversified prey in the older phases of the sequence
The interest of this paper lies in the analysis of variability detected within the group of splin... more The interest of this paper lies in the analysis of variability detected within the group of splintered pieces, establishing distinctions within this broad category. A technological and traceological reading has been used for this purpose. These analyses have been applied to two geographically distant, chronologically disparate assemblages, which make up our case study, Grotta della Serratura, (Italy) and Cueva de Nerja (Spain). Addressing these assemblages together has allowed us to compare the different contexts in which they developed. We have found that the presence of these pieces can be correlated with different points in the chaîne opératoire, knapping, retouch or use; they may all be found at the same site or may be the consequence of a single phase. We have taken these sites as the basis for defining the different categories. This work is therefore intended to be used as a reference for researchers studying lithic assemblages containing such pieces.
Alba: revista d'estudis comarcals de la Vall d'Albaida, 2021
L’estudi dels materials de l’Abric de l’Hedra, procedents de les arreplegades en superfície, va p... more L’estudi dels materials de l’Abric de l’Hedra, procedents de les arreplegades en superfície, va proporcionar elements suficients per tal d’ubicar el jaciment en un context crono-cultural que remetia al Paleolític superior. L’antiguitat de les ocupacions així com el bon estat de conservació del lloc van incentivar l’inici de dos campanyes d’excavació que han tingut lloc durant l’any 2021. Presentem ací, de forma molt sintètica, les tasques realitzades a d’aquestes campanyes i un avanç dels resultats obtinguts.
This work describes the site of Cova de l’Hedra, located in Ontinyent (la Vall d’Albaida, Valence... more This work describes the site of Cova de l’Hedra, located in Ontinyent (la Vall d’Albaida, Valence) and the chronology of the occupations based on the study of the archaeological remains recovered in the 1970s. The results allow a chronocultural ascription ranging from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age.
The interest of this paper lies in the analysis of variability detected within the group of splin... more The interest of this paper lies in the analysis of variability detected within the group of splintered pieces, establishing distinctions within this broad category. A technological and traceological reading has been used for this purpose. These analyses have been applied to two geographically distant, chronologically disparate assemblages, which make up our case study, Grotta della Serratura, (Italy) and Cueva de Nerja (Spain). Addressing these assemblages together has allowed us to compare the different contexts in which they developed. We have found that the presence of these pieces can be correlated with different points in the chaîne opératoire, knapping, retouch or use; they may all be found at the same site or may be the consequence of a single phase. We have taken these sites as the basis for defining the different categories. This work is therefore intended to be used as a reference for researchers studying lithic assemblages containing such pieces.
Roman, D.; García-Argüelles, P.; Fullola, J. M. 2020 Las Facies microlaminares del final del Paleolítico en el Mediterráneo ibérico y el valle del Ebro, 2020
At the end of the Late Glacial period, the laminar-microlaminar techno-complexes of Mediterranean... more At the end of the Late Glacial period, the laminar-microlaminar techno-complexes of Mediterranean regions of the Iberian Peninsula exhibit a common Magdalenian substrate. At the same time, the regional data show some variability that is difficult to fit into a single evolutionary model. This paper seeks to analyse the main trends in the techno-economic system as a whole, without paying particular attention to changes in the typological indices of retouched tools. On the contrary, it indicates the growing presence of non-formalised lithic industries, perishable materials and a more numerous and diverse bone industry than has previously been accepted. The objective is to evaluate whether the economic trends and the different phases and facies (Epipalaeolithic, Microlaminar, Epimagdalenian, Sauveterroid) can be considered part of a technological cycle that we call Magdalenian. To address these issues, we look at the central and southern region of the Iberian Peninsula, between the River Palancia and Gibraltar, for the period between 15 and 10 ka cal. BP. It is an extensive region that presents significant limitations in terms of sequences, dating and bioarchaeological and techno-economic data.
Al final del Tardiglaciar, los tecnocomplejos laminares-microlaminares de las regiones mediterráneas ibéricas muestran un sustrato magdaleniense compartido. Al mismo tiempo, los datos regionales muestran cierta variabilidad que es difícil de encajar en un modelo único. Esta aportación pretende analizar las principales tendencias en el sistema tecno-económico en su conjunto, sin prestar una atención preferente a los cambios en los índices tipológicos del utillaje configurado. Por el contrario, se indica la presencia creciente de industrias líticas no formalizadas, de materiales perecederos y de una industria ósea más numerosa y diversa que lo admitido hasta ahora. En paralelo, se pretende evaluar si las tendencias económicas que registran las faunas de mamíferos y las diferentes fases y facies (Epipaleolítico, Microlaminar, Epimagdaleniense, Sauveterrroide) pueden ser consideradas como partes de un ciclo tecnológico que denominamos Magdaleniense. Para abordar estas cuestiones nos ocuparemos de la región centro-meridional ibérica, entre el rio Palancia y Gibraltar, para el periodo comprendido entre 15-10 ka cal. BP. Se trata de una extensa región que presenta importantes limitaciones de secuencias, dataciones, datos bioarqueológicos y tecno-económicos.
RESUMEN Los resultados de las excavaciones realizadas entre 1968 y 1984 en la Cova de Hort de Cor... more RESUMEN Los resultados de las excavaciones realizadas entre 1968 y 1984 en la Cova de Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faro quedaron limitados a iden-tificar materiales solutrenses, magdalenienses y neolíticos-calcolíticos. Una lectura crítica de la Memoria de excavaciones, publicada en 2003, permitió plantear la posibilidad de la presencia de ocupaciones anteriores, posiblemente gravetienses. En 2018 se iniciaron nuevos trabajos en el yacimiento, dentro de un proyecto que pretende recuperar información a partir de los cortes de las antiguas excavaciones. Los datos obtenidos en el área más externa (corte frontal posterior, cuadrícula O4) han permitido retomar la discusión sobre la existencia de los niveles presolutrenses. Los primeros resultados, sobre los trabajos realizados en el perímetro del sector A de las antiguas excavaciones, así como los datos geoaqueológicos, radiocarbónicos e industriales plantean una serie de alternativas sobre la formación y conservación del depósito que supone un punto de partida para la comprensión de un yacimiento complejo. LABURPENA 1968 eta 1984 artean Cova de Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faron egindako indusketen emaitzak Solutre aldiko, Madeleine aldiko eta Neo-lito-Kalkolito aldiko materialak identifikatzera mugatu ziren. 2003an indusketa-memoriaren irakurketa kritiko bat argitaratu zen, eta irakurketa hark lehenagoko okupazioen (beharbada okupazio Gravettiarrak) presentzia mahai gainean jartzeko aukera eman zuen. 2018an lan berriak hasi zituzten aztarnategian, garai bateko indusketen ebakiduretatik abiatuta informazioa berreskuratzea helburu duen proiektu baten baitan. Kanpoaldeko eremuan jasotako datuek (atzealdeko ebakidura frontala, O4 laukia) Solutre aldiaren aurreko mailak daudenaren inguruko ez-tabaidari berriro ekitea ahalbidetu dute. Garai bateko indusketetako A sektorearen perimetroan egindako lanen gaineko emaitzek eta datu geoarkeologikoek, erradiokarbonikoek eta industrialek metakinaren eratzearen eta kontserbazioaren gaineko hainbat alternatiba jarri dituzte mahai gainean, eta hori aztarnategi konplexu bat ulertzeko abiapuntua da. ABSTRACT The excavation of the Volcán del Faro site (Cullera, Valencia) did not live up to the expectations created after the discovery of the perforated staff. The prospect of a new Palaeolithic sequence, close to that of Parpalló (Gandia, Valencia), brought with it the possibility of obtaining new palaeoenvironmental, chronostratigraphic and archaeological data. However, the results of excavations carried out between 1968 and 1984 only identified Solutrean, Magdalenian and Neolithic-Chalcolithic materials. No chronostratigraphic data were obtained and the description of lithic and osseous industries was based on subjective considerations. Therefore, the repeated mention of Solutrean morphotypes, which were of Magdalenian chronology according to their excavator, could not be compared with any other site. Likewise, it was not possible to obtain any radiocarbon dates, largely due to poor collagen conservation, or lithostratigraphic data or a description of lithic and osseous industries that could be compared at a regional level. The only palaeoenvironmental and palaeoeconomic data were incorporated into the study of mam-malian fauna carried out by I. Davidson, a reference work in studies of the Palaeolithic economy in the Spanish Mediterranean region.
Thirteen fieldworks campaigns were carried out in the multistratified Palaeolithic site of Hort d... more Thirteen fieldworks campaigns were carried out in the multistratified Palaeolithic site of Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faro (HC-VF), the results of which were published in various papers and notes up to the definitive report of 2003. The first campaigns set its interest and parallels with the nearby sequence of Parpalló Cave (Gandia). However, the assessments were unfortunately limited to the Magdalenian evolution, almost neglecting the study of the Solutrean and Pre-Solutrean deposits. Reanalysis and critical reading of the report made it feasible to identify not only levels cited previously, but also Badegoulian levels and maybe there were even earlier Gravettian occupations.We presented at 2018 a research project to frame the study of the technical, economical and social trajectories of the prehistoric hunter-gatherers that inhabited it.
L'Abric de l'Hedra, situat en el marge de la serra de la Solana, al nord d'Ontinyent, és un gran ... more L'Abric de l'Hedra, situat en el marge de la serra de la Solana, al nord d'Ontinyent, és un gran abric rocós, amb bona potència sedimentària. Cap als anys 1970 es van localitzar en superfície, restes de talla de sílex que poden adscriure's al Paleolític superior. Fins el moment no ha estat objecte d'excavacions ni investigacions. En el present article es fa una aproximació al jaciment i un primer estudi dels seus materials superficials.
Archaeological research has been carried out
in the Eastern Rif (Morocco) since 1995 by a collabo... more Archaeological research has been carried out in the Eastern Rif (Morocco) since 1995 by a collaborative Moroccan-German research team. A major topic of the project is the transition from hunting-gathering to food production and related cultural developments. Innovations such as pottery and domesticated species appeared around 7.6 ka calBP. The cultivation of cereals and pulses is evident at that time. Two of the most important sites in the area are Ifri Oudadane and Ifri n’Etsedda. Both provide Epipaleolithic as well as Neolithic deposits. While innovative technologies such as pottery production and cultivation indicate external influences, lithic artifacts demonstrate local technological and behavioral traditions. Therefore, the study of lithic industries is crucial to understanding the nature of cultural continuity and discontinuity between the huntinggathering and agricultural populations in the Eastern Rif. Ifri n’Etsedda provides two distinct Epipaleolithic deposits and thus offers the opportunity to study possible changes throughout the Epipalaeolithic and relationship to the later Early Neolithic (ENC). In combination with the earlier phases of Early Neolithic assemblages (ENA, ENB) at Ifri Oudadane, we are now in a better position to understand the development of early-to-mid Holocene lithic technology in the Eastern Rif.We show that the lithic record of Ifri n’Etsedda does not indicate any significant change in raw material supply, blank production, and tool distribution from the Early Epipaleolithic to the Early Neolithic B. Therefore, we argue for behavioral continuity from the Epipaleolithic to the Neolithic period. In contrast, the assemblages of the Early Neolithic C show changes in lithic technology.
6é Congrés d’Estudis de la Marina Alta Institut d’Estudis Comarcal de la Marina Alta, 2019
Les recerques en el jaciment de les coves de Santa Maira (Castell de Castells) han permès documen... more Les recerques en el jaciment de les coves de Santa Maira (Castell de Castells) han permès documentar una àmplia seqüència cronostratigràfica, arqueològica i paleoambiental, amb ocupacions humanes des de l'últim Pleniglacial fins al Neolític (aproximadament entre fa 20.000 i 5.500 anys abans del present) i materials puntuals que arriben a temps històrics recents. La informació extreta, per la qualitat del registre arqueològic, constitueix una referència de primer ordre en la discussió del trànsit Plistocè-Holocè a la regió mediterrània peninsular. Però a banda d'això la cavitat també ens ha ofert dades importants sobre els processos de canvi cultural , sobre les relacions entre la mitja muntanya i la costa i una de les poques mostres evidents de canibalisme en un context mesolític (8.500-8.000 anys abans del present). Finalment, un plafó d'art rupestre llevantí (declarat patrimoni mundial per la UNESCO el 1998) ens parla d'un altre tipus de manifestacions vinculades a aquest jaciment.
For the first time we compare lithic production systems from the three archaeological phases iden... more For the first time we compare lithic production systems from the three archaeological phases identified in the Iberian Mediterranean region between 14.5 and 10.5 ky cal BP: final Magdalenian, microlaminar Epipalaeolithic and sauveterroid Epipalaeolithic. These phases coincided with rapid palaeoenvironmental changes, whose effects on a peripheral region of southern Europe require a regional analysis. The basic blanks used in all three phases were blades and bladelets and there is considerable typological homogeneity. The results obtained in the study of the three phases identified at Coves de Santa Maira provide new grounds for discussion about lithic production systems during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Through this study it has been possible to establish the local and regional origin of the raw materials. At the same time, it has been observed that the standardisation typical of the classic Magdalenian decreased and there was an increase in more flexible and opportunistic chaînes opératoires, in addition to the absence of some stone points that are characteristic of more northern facies and cultures. The results have made it possible to contextualise the known data for the central-southern region of the Iberian Peninsula, allowing us to draw up a regional model of lithic production systems and assess the continuity or break between the three phases, as well as providing new possibilities to investigate the relationship with other facies and regional groups.
ZEPHYRVS REVISTA DE PREHISTORIA Y ARQUEOLOGÍA, 2019
En la Región Mediterránea ibérica resulta difícil encontrar estudios dedicados a los percuto- res... more En la Región Mediterránea ibérica resulta difícil encontrar estudios dedicados a los percuto- res-retocadores empleados en la producción lítica del Epipaleolítico. En este trabajo se presenta el estudio de 11 pequeños cantos localizados en coves de Santa Maira (Castell de Castells, Alicante), que fueron recuperados en los niveles epipaleolíticos, datados entre 13445 y 10195 años cal bp. Se trata de cantos rodados, aplanados y de tendencia alargada, en los que se han identificado diversas marcas. Están asociados a una numerosa industria lítica, dominada por láminas y laminitas, que permite relacionar los percutores y los sistemas de producción. En paralelo al estudio de las marcas de uso, se ha realizado un programa experimental cuyo objetivo era identificar los diferentes gestos empleados durante la talla y configuración de útiles retocados. La comparación entre los cantos arqueológicos y los experimentales muestra coincidencias en las marcas, en su posición y asociación. Es- tos resultados plantean que la hipótesis más probable de uso fue su empleo en diferentes fases de la producción lítica: desde la talla al retoque. Los paralelos encontrados en otros yacimientos peninsulares y del Mediterráneo occidental señalan que también pudieron intervenir en otras tareas, e incluso podrían haberse utilizado en acti- vidades combinadas.
Within the evolutionary dynamics of post-Gravettian techno-complexes, one can observe an intense ... more Within the evolutionary dynamics of post-Gravettian techno-complexes, one can observe an intense re- gionalization phenomenon, both on a European scale, with the creation of two main provinces, and within the Italian peninsula. To date, typological studies have led to the recognition of several Italian Epigravettian facies, identifying trends, similarities, and differences in the lithic complexes. An important contribution was made by the technological method which in recent years has allowed us to identify the evolutionary processes of the lithic industries in numerous deposits of northern Italy. It is the intent of this reporting to add information which contributes to the debate on the latest Pleistocene complexes, expanding the area to southern Italy. The Grotta della Serratura, by virtue of a large and well-detailed stratigraphy, the optimum state of conservation of the findings, and for previous interdisciplinary studies that have been undertaken, represents an excellent reference site for the lower Tyrrhenian Italian coast. Thus it begins to bring new technological data to already known collections in an area rich in archaeological evidence that can make important contributions to the discussion of the lithic complexes in the Mediterranean area from the late Upper Paleolithic.
The Southwestern Europe covers a wide territory with diverse ecosystems, from the Iberian Peninsu... more The Southwestern Europe covers a wide territory with diverse ecosystems, from the Iberian Peninsula, through southern France to Italy. In each of these areas the different research tradition has focused on defining cultural characteristics at the regional level, that has resulted in varied nomenclatures (eg. Badegoulian-Magdalenian-Epigravettian; Epipalaeolithic-Epimagdalenian-Azilian) used to name the latest palaeolithic technocomplexes of the same chronology. This fact makes it difficult to establish comparisons between the results of the different studies. Some of the differences that characterize, a priori, these cultural groups located in the several territories may be a consequence of the research tradition and / or the methodologies used. If this were the case, the existence of possible similarities between the territories should be considered and highlighted. If not, we should ask ourselves why these differences occur. This session aims to be a starting point to establish a summary of the current state of the art to assess the existence or otherwise of a cultural process of regionalization or to recognize and highlight the existence of common characteristics between territories in the proposed chronology: 18,500-10,000 cal. BP. Therefore, in the face of the increasing specialization of research projects, we propose an effort of synthesis of an interdisciplinary nature. In this sense, we invite you to present works that show the dynamics of human groups, connecting the main axes of study: resources (biotic and abiotic), technology, paleoenvironment, symbolism, settlement / occupation patterns. All this included in an updated radiocarbon chronology, which allows to establish a common chronological framework for the different regions.
13th International Symposium on Knappable Materials, 2021
The study on a long and marrow shaped sedimentary rock discovered in the Upper Palaeolithic level... more The study on a long and marrow shaped sedimentary rock discovered in the Upper Palaeolithic levels excavated in 1972 at the Valencian site of Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faro was carried out. This is an argillaceous limestone with a compact and soft appearance 19.43 cm long, 4.16 cm wide and 4.79 cm thick. The stratigraphic associated materials place this object between the Gravettian and Solutrean levels. However, there are no other references about its context and association that would provide elements. Indeed, similar objects have not been found in any other Valencian Palaeolithic site so far. The elongated morphology, with rounded ends and a flattened section, suggests its inclusion in the category of lissoirs. Throughout its surface, it preserves a large number of stigmata and use wear, together with the presence of residues. Diferent types of use-wear, in some cases connected to each other, have been distinguished. On the one hand, there are longitudinal striations associated with traces of red dye and polished areas. At the same time, a significant loss of material has been detected, together with pitting, especially in the two extremities of the piece, but also in medial areas. All these observations allow us to consider uses involving diferent actions and materials. Several non-destructive spectroscopic techniques were employed (pED-XRF, Raman and DRIFT) to determine its composition and to identify on its surface the residues of materials probably related to its use. In particular, it has been observed that the piece is predominantly composed of Ca and Si in the forms of calcite and clay minerals. In addition, the areas with red and brown stains have higher levels of elements such as Al, K, Ti, Mn and Fe, possibly related to the employment of the piece during diferent anthropogenic tasks carried out by the Paleolithic groups in the region.
EAA2021.Session ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF MAJOR CLIMATIC AND/OR ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS ON HUMAN CULTURE AND SUBSISTENCE, 2021
The Lateglacial to early Holocene transition includes climatic events of high and medium magnitud... more The Lateglacial to early Holocene transition includes climatic events of high and medium magnitude, which ended up defining the current Mediterranean landscapes. Santa Maira sequence covers this period and analyses of different materials have allowed for the reconstruction of the landscape and human strategies for raw materials exploitation. Wood charcoal analysis shows that the most exploited tree taxa are both deciduous and evergreen Quercus types (oak) together with Juniperus sp. (juniper) throughout the sequence. As far as the plant composition is concerned, there were no major changes. However, the frequencies of some taxa change noticeably, thus indicating a shift in the woodland structure and/or in the plant resources management strategies. Large numbers of macroremains of fruits (Quercus sp., Sorbus sp., Olea sp. and Vitis sp.) were also found, but a significant quantity of legumes together with a few grass seeds have also been identified. Regarding the exploitation of mammals, no abrupt changes are identified throughout the sequence. However, a trend towards diversification is observed, with a greater presence of taxa which in turn represent a greater relative weight within the samples. This trend starts in the Lateglacial and can be linked to ecological changes, particularly to afforestation processes . The evolution of lithic assemblages during this period is also characterised by continuity (local and regional raw material procurement, production objectives), although some changes occur (exploitation modalities and retouched tools). However, this did not affect the essential purposes of lithic production: microlaminar tools intended for creating composite and household tools linked to maintenance and consumption. It can be inferred that there was a long process of change in the management of forest resources and raw materials, which began ca. 14.5 ky cal BP and lasted until the appearance of the Mesolithic period ca. 10.5 ky cal BP.
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pieces, establishing distinctions within this broad category. A technological and traceological
reading has been used for this purpose. These analyses have been applied to two
geographically distant, chronologically disparate assemblages, which make up our case study,
Grotta della Serratura, (Italy) and Cueva de Nerja (Spain). Addressing these assemblages
together has allowed us to compare the different contexts in which they developed. We have
found that the presence of these pieces can be correlated with different points in the chaîne
opératoire, knapping, retouch or use; they may all be found at the same site or may be the
consequence of a single phase. We have taken these sites as the basis for defining the different
categories. This work is therefore intended to be used as a reference for researchers studying
lithic assemblages containing such pieces.
Al final del Tardiglaciar, los tecnocomplejos laminares-microlaminares de las regiones mediterráneas ibéricas muestran un sustrato magdaleniense compartido. Al mismo tiempo, los datos regionales muestran cierta variabilidad que es difícil de encajar en un modelo único. Esta aportación pretende analizar las principales tendencias en el sistema tecno-económico en su conjunto, sin prestar una atención preferente a los cambios en los índices tipológicos del utillaje configurado. Por el contrario, se indica la presencia creciente de industrias líticas no formalizadas, de materiales perecederos y de una industria ósea más numerosa y diversa que lo admitido hasta ahora. En paralelo, se pretende evaluar si las tendencias económicas que registran las faunas de mamíferos y las diferentes fases y facies (Epipaleolítico, Microlaminar, Epimagdaleniense, Sauveterrroide) pueden ser consideradas como partes de un ciclo tecnológico que denominamos Magdaleniense. Para abordar estas cuestiones nos ocuparemos de la región centro-meridional ibérica, entre el rio Palancia y Gibraltar, para el periodo comprendido entre 15-10 ka cal. BP. Se trata de una extensa región que presenta importantes limitaciones de secuencias, dataciones, datos bioarqueológicos y tecno-económicos.
nearby sequence of Parpalló Cave (Gandia). However, the assessments were unfortunately limited to the Magdalenian evolution, almost neglecting the study of the Solutrean and Pre-Solutrean deposits.
Reanalysis and critical reading of the report made it feasible to identify not only levels cited previously, but also Badegoulian levels and maybe there were even earlier Gravettian occupations.We presented at 2018 a research project to frame the study of the technical, economical and social trajectories of the prehistoric hunter-gatherers that inhabited it.
in the Eastern Rif (Morocco) since 1995 by a collaborative
Moroccan-German research team. A major topic
of the project is the transition from hunting-gathering to
food production and related cultural developments. Innovations
such as pottery and domesticated species
appeared around 7.6 ka calBP. The cultivation of cereals
and pulses is evident at that time. Two of the most
important sites in the area are Ifri Oudadane and Ifri
n’Etsedda. Both provide Epipaleolithic as well as Neolithic
deposits. While innovative technologies such as
pottery production and cultivation indicate external influences,
lithic artifacts demonstrate local technological
and behavioral traditions. Therefore, the study of lithic
industries is crucial to understanding the nature of cultural
continuity and discontinuity between the huntinggathering
and agricultural populations in the Eastern
Rif. Ifri n’Etsedda provides two distinct Epipaleolithic
deposits and thus offers the opportunity to study possible
changes throughout the Epipalaeolithic and relationship
to the later Early Neolithic (ENC). In combination
with the earlier phases of Early Neolithic assemblages
(ENA, ENB) at Ifri Oudadane, we are now in a better
position to understand the development of early-to-mid
Holocene lithic technology in the Eastern Rif.We show
that the lithic record of Ifri n’Etsedda does not indicate
any significant change in raw material supply, blank
production, and tool distribution from the Early
Epipaleolithic to the Early Neolithic B. Therefore, we
argue for behavioral continuity from the Epipaleolithic
to the Neolithic period. In contrast, the assemblages of
the Early Neolithic C show changes in lithic technology.
pieces, establishing distinctions within this broad category. A technological and traceological
reading has been used for this purpose. These analyses have been applied to two
geographically distant, chronologically disparate assemblages, which make up our case study,
Grotta della Serratura, (Italy) and Cueva de Nerja (Spain). Addressing these assemblages
together has allowed us to compare the different contexts in which they developed. We have
found that the presence of these pieces can be correlated with different points in the chaîne
opératoire, knapping, retouch or use; they may all be found at the same site or may be the
consequence of a single phase. We have taken these sites as the basis for defining the different
categories. This work is therefore intended to be used as a reference for researchers studying
lithic assemblages containing such pieces.
Al final del Tardiglaciar, los tecnocomplejos laminares-microlaminares de las regiones mediterráneas ibéricas muestran un sustrato magdaleniense compartido. Al mismo tiempo, los datos regionales muestran cierta variabilidad que es difícil de encajar en un modelo único. Esta aportación pretende analizar las principales tendencias en el sistema tecno-económico en su conjunto, sin prestar una atención preferente a los cambios en los índices tipológicos del utillaje configurado. Por el contrario, se indica la presencia creciente de industrias líticas no formalizadas, de materiales perecederos y de una industria ósea más numerosa y diversa que lo admitido hasta ahora. En paralelo, se pretende evaluar si las tendencias económicas que registran las faunas de mamíferos y las diferentes fases y facies (Epipaleolítico, Microlaminar, Epimagdaleniense, Sauveterrroide) pueden ser consideradas como partes de un ciclo tecnológico que denominamos Magdaleniense. Para abordar estas cuestiones nos ocuparemos de la región centro-meridional ibérica, entre el rio Palancia y Gibraltar, para el periodo comprendido entre 15-10 ka cal. BP. Se trata de una extensa región que presenta importantes limitaciones de secuencias, dataciones, datos bioarqueológicos y tecno-económicos.
nearby sequence of Parpalló Cave (Gandia). However, the assessments were unfortunately limited to the Magdalenian evolution, almost neglecting the study of the Solutrean and Pre-Solutrean deposits.
Reanalysis and critical reading of the report made it feasible to identify not only levels cited previously, but also Badegoulian levels and maybe there were even earlier Gravettian occupations.We presented at 2018 a research project to frame the study of the technical, economical and social trajectories of the prehistoric hunter-gatherers that inhabited it.
in the Eastern Rif (Morocco) since 1995 by a collaborative
Moroccan-German research team. A major topic
of the project is the transition from hunting-gathering to
food production and related cultural developments. Innovations
such as pottery and domesticated species
appeared around 7.6 ka calBP. The cultivation of cereals
and pulses is evident at that time. Two of the most
important sites in the area are Ifri Oudadane and Ifri
n’Etsedda. Both provide Epipaleolithic as well as Neolithic
deposits. While innovative technologies such as
pottery production and cultivation indicate external influences,
lithic artifacts demonstrate local technological
and behavioral traditions. Therefore, the study of lithic
industries is crucial to understanding the nature of cultural
continuity and discontinuity between the huntinggathering
and agricultural populations in the Eastern
Rif. Ifri n’Etsedda provides two distinct Epipaleolithic
deposits and thus offers the opportunity to study possible
changes throughout the Epipalaeolithic and relationship
to the later Early Neolithic (ENC). In combination
with the earlier phases of Early Neolithic assemblages
(ENA, ENB) at Ifri Oudadane, we are now in a better
position to understand the development of early-to-mid
Holocene lithic technology in the Eastern Rif.We show
that the lithic record of Ifri n’Etsedda does not indicate
any significant change in raw material supply, blank
production, and tool distribution from the Early
Epipaleolithic to the Early Neolithic B. Therefore, we
argue for behavioral continuity from the Epipaleolithic
to the Neolithic period. In contrast, the assemblages of
the Early Neolithic C show changes in lithic technology.
The elongated morphology, with rounded ends and a flattened section, suggests its inclusion in the category of lissoirs. Throughout its surface, it preserves a large number of stigmata and use wear, together with the presence of residues. Diferent types of use-wear, in some cases connected to each other, have been distinguished. On the one hand, there are longitudinal striations associated with traces of red dye and polished areas. At the same time, a significant loss of material has been detected, together with pitting, especially in the two extremities of the piece, but also in medial areas. All these observations allow us to consider uses involving diferent actions and materials.
Several non-destructive spectroscopic techniques were employed (pED-XRF, Raman and DRIFT) to determine its composition and to identify on its surface the residues of materials probably related to its use. In particular, it has been observed that the piece is predominantly composed of Ca and Si in the forms of calcite and clay minerals. In addition, the areas with red and brown stains have higher levels of elements such as Al, K, Ti, Mn and Fe, possibly related to the employment of the piece during diferent anthropogenic tasks carried out by the Paleolithic groups in the region.
Regarding the exploitation of mammals, no abrupt changes are identified throughout the sequence. However, a trend towards diversification is observed, with a greater presence of taxa which in turn represent a greater relative weight within the samples. This trend starts in the Lateglacial and can be linked to ecological changes, particularly to afforestation processes . The evolution of lithic assemblages during this period is also characterised by continuity (local and regional raw material procurement, production objectives), although some changes occur (exploitation modalities and retouched tools). However, this did not affect the essential purposes of lithic production: microlaminar tools intended for creating composite and household tools linked to maintenance and consumption.
It can be inferred that there was a long process of change in the management of forest resources and raw materials, which began ca. 14.5 ky cal BP and lasted until the appearance of the Mesolithic period ca. 10.5 ky cal BP.