Jesús F. Jordá

El Lugar de Interés Geológico de Jarama VI es un abrigo rocoso que contiene una secuencia litoestratigráfica formada por cinco unidades sedimentarias del Pleistoceno superior, tres de las cuales presentan restos arqueológicos del Paleolítico medio con una edad mayor de 50 ka BP. En una de ellas se ha recuperado un resto óseo de Homo neanderthalensis. Para preservar toda la información analógica disponible sobre este LIG y contar con un registro digital del mismo, hemos llevado a cabo tres proyectos consecutivos cuyos objetivos se centraron en la obtención de una cartografía digital de detalle del yacimiento y su entorno, la digitalización del registro arqueológico analógico de las excavaciones realizadas entre 1989-1993, la creación y cumplimentación de una Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales y la realización de un análisis microespacial y estadístico del yacimiento, a la vez que hemos llevado a cabo un estudio hidráulico de las paleoinundaciones observadas en su registro sedimentario.

Here we present an evaluation of faunal studies and new isotopic results on human and faunal remains from the first farmers at Nerja Cave (Malaga, Spain), and assess the data obtained from a regional perspective and on the basis of the archaeological and archaeozoological context. The evidence shows that the Neolithic peoples who inhabited the cave had a mainly terrestrial diet, even if living on the coastline and in a region with a high marine productivity, as observed during previous periods at the same cave. This sharp dietary shift occurring at the onset of the Neolithic for this region supports the hypothesis that different modes of exploitation during distinct time periods are best explained in terms of cultural changes, rather than by slight changes in coastline and seawater temperature. Our conclusion has implications for the debate on the onset of the Neolithic for the entire Western Mediterranean.

The present work approaches the chronology of the Iron Age at the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula from the analysis of 457 dates 14C from 76 archaeological sites of the Iron Age. From these, a radiocarbon periodization is established that places the hillforts and other sites of this period on the calendrical scale.

Es presenten evidencies de practiques antropofagiques en un grup del Mesolitic mediterrani. S’han documentat trenta restes humanes en el nivell mesolitic de les coves de Santa Maira. A mes de la descripcio de les marques antropogeniques identificades, tambe se situa la troballa en el seu context regional dins les pautes de subsistencia dels grups mesolitics de la zona, i es plantegen hipotesis sobre la seua intencionalitat.

espanolEn este articulo se dan a conocer los resultados preliminares de los estudios recientes que un equipo interdisciplinar esta realizando en tres yacimientos arqueologicos localizados en el curso bajo del rio Sella: El Cierro, Tito Bustillo y Cova Rosa (Ribadesella, Asturias). Se hace hincapie en nuevas fechas radiocarbonicas que se han obtenido en los diferentes contextos, asi como en nuevas informaciones de tipo biotico, tanto arqueofaunisticos (terrestres y marinos), como antracologicos. EnglishThis paper gives the preliminary results of the research being carried out by a multi-disciplinary team at three archaeological sites in the lower valley of the River Sella: El Cierro, Tito Bustillo and Cova Rosa (Ribadesella, Asturias). It presents new radiocarbon dates for the different sites, and new data on terrestrial and marine fauna and anthracological remains.

El castro de San Chuis (Allande, Asturias, España) se excavó sistemáticamente por primera vez el año 1962 bajo la dirección del profesor Francisco Jordá Cerdá, siendo esta la primera de una serie de campañas que finalizaron en el año 1986. Dentro del marco de la futura tesis doctoral de uno de los firmantes (JMS), hemos acometido un proceso general de digitalización y sistematización de toda la documentación e información arqueológica que manejábamos con el objetivo de construir la IDE (Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales) del castro. Para ello hemos desarrollado una Base de Datos General complementada con una completa planimetría descriptiva. Una de las cuestiones más interesantes en todo este proceso ha sido la reintegración del registro arqueológico en su contexto espacial original, dotándolo de coordenadas reales dentro de un sistema de información georreferenciado, que nos ha permitido realizar análisis tanto macro como micro espaciales. Hemos transformado una información presentada en un formato obsoleto y pesado en otra ágil, susceptible de ser tratada y analizada de acuerdo a parámetros más actuales, aportando además otra nueva de la que carecíamos. Este procedimiento es extrapolable a otros yacimientos antiguos y su aplicación facilitaría la conservación de la información, su investigación y su divulgación.

The Nerja Cave (Málaga) which is situated on the Mediterranean Andalusian coast, offers an interesting cultural sequence, and in this study, the levels of this secuence corresponding to the Late Madgalenian, the Epipaleolithic, and the beginning of Neolithic periods are studied. Correlative to the cultural changes observed in this sequence, the analysis of the malacofaune provides a series of data which allows the environmental evolution to be established. From these environmental changes, we endeavour to explain the cultural evolution as well as to determine a basic feature in the dietary habits of the Cave’s inhabitants. In the same way, through the malacofaune we have been able to reconstruct the coastal landscape in the successive cultural stages.

Las últimas investigaciones realizadas a partir de la excavación del registro arqueológico de La Cueva de Ambrosio -yacimiento clave a la hora de estudiar el Solutrense del SE de la Península Ibérica- nos han permitido realizar una serie de precisiones sobre su posición en la escala cronoestratigráfica del Pleistoceno superior. Así, la calibración de una nueva datación radiocarbónica para el nivel IV (Solutrense Superior) y de otras seis nuevas fechas 14C (5 de ellas AMS) para el nivel 11 (Solutrense Superior Evolucionado), permite situar estos momentos entre el final del Greenland Stadial GS 3 (final del OIS 3) y el final del Greenland lnterstadial GI 2, con un momento álgido de ocupación del nivel II en los momentos posteriores al Heinrich Event H-2, coincidiendo con el interestadial que precede al último máximo glacial (GS 2). Esto retrotrae en la escala cronoestratigráfica la posición del registro de Ambrosio, situado hasta estos momentos en función de las tres fechas radiocarbónicas convencionales disponibles. Por otro lado, el descubrimiento de paneles decorados sellados por los sedimentos del Solutrense Superior nos permiten atribuir esas manifestaciones artísticas a las ocupaciones del Solutrense Medio (nivel VI), que estarían situadas en momentos anteriores, comprendidos entre el GI 5 y el Gl 3.

It is commonly accepted that some of the latest dates for Neanderthal fossils and Mousterian industries are found south of the Ebro valley in Iberia at ca. 36 ka calBP (calibrated radiocarbon date ranges). In contrast, to the north of the valley the Mousterian disappears shortly before the Proto-Aurignacian appears at ca. 42 ka calBP. The latter is most likely produced by anatomically modern humans. However, two-thirds of dates from the south are radiocarbon dates, a technique that is particularly sensitive to carbon contaminants of a younger age that can be difficult to remove using routine pretreatment protocols. We have attempted to test the reliability of chronologies of 11 southern Iberian Middle and early Upper Paleolithic sites. Only two, Jarama VI and Zafarraya, were found to contain material that could be reliably dated. In both sites, Middle Paleolithic contexts were previously dated by radiocarbon to less than 42 ka calBP. Using ultrafiltration to purify faunal bone colla...

56 Arribas Herrera, Diez Fernández-Lomaría & Jordá Pardo 1. Introducción La Cueva de los Tonejones está situada en el extremo NW de lu provincia de Guadalajara, en el tér-mino municipal de Tamajón (Figura 1 ). Se encuentra a la cota de l. i 00 m snm. y está desarrollada a ...

... Rupicapra rupicapra Sarrio X Medio montaña adaptable Felix silvestres Gato montés X X X Medios con vegetación Lynx pardina Lince X X X X Medios de vegetación. Mediterráneo ... Rupicapra rupicapra Sarrio 1 Felix silvestres Gato montés 1 1 10 Lynx pardina Lince 0,4 1 5 ...

Cacho, C., Martos, JA, Jordá Pardo, J., Yravedra, J, Avezuela, B., Martín Lerma, I. y Valdivia, J. (2008): El Magdaleniense en la Meseta Norte. La Peña de Estebanvela (Segovia). En: I Congreso Internacional de Arqueoloxía de Vilalba, 11-14 junio 2008 (E. Ramil Rego, ed.). ...

Four excavations have been performed at the archaeological site of Cova Rosa (Asturias, Cantabrian Spain): three of them in the second half of last century and the other in this decade. Although little of the archaeological material found in those excavations has been published, here we attempt the stratigraphic correlation of sections revealed by the different excavations and we present 22 new radiocarbon dates for bones and marine shells, built in a Bayesian statistical model. This has enabled the documentation of occupations that mainly took place during the Last Glacial period, in the Solutrean (middle and upper phases) and Magdalenian (archaic, lower, and upper phases), and also in the early Holocene (Mesolithic). These occupations are compared with the record at other sites in Cantabrian Spain in general and in Asturias, in particular.

In this study we present evidence of braided plant fibres and basketry imprints on clay recovered from Coves de Santa Maira, a Palaeolithic-Mesolithic cave site located in the Mediterranean region of Spain. The anatomical features of these organic fibre remains were identified in the archaeological material and compared with modern Stipa tenacissima (esparto grass). Based on direct dating, the fragments of esparto cord from our site are the oldest worked plant fibres in Europe. Sixty fragments of fired clay are described. The clay impressions have allowed us to discuss the making of baskets and containers. According to their attributes and their functional interpretation, we have grouped them into five types within two broad categories, hearth plates and baskets or containers. The clay pieces identified as fragments of containers with basketry impressions are less common than those of hearth plate remains and they are concentrated in the Epipalaeolithic occupation material (13.2–10....

The occupation of the Iberian Peninsula during the Upper Palaeolithic is mainly known from archaeological sites located in the Cantabrian and Mediterranean regions. Numerous sites have been excavated in these two regions when few sites are found in the interior of the peninsula. Several authors explain this scarcity of sites, in the inner region during the Upper Palaeolithic, by a decrease of human population resulting from a low capacity of human groups to adapt to the cold conditions of the Marine Isotopic Stage 2 (MIS 2), i.e. the effect of cold climate on human populations might have been stronger in the interior of the peninsula than in coastal areas. Recent studies underline the evidence of prehistoric occupation during this period in that region. It has been suggested that these occupations are isolated events limited to the warmest phases of the end of the MIS 2. The present study focuses on zooarchaeological and taphonomic aspects of the Magdalenian site of La Peña de Estebanvela (Segovia, Spain). Our results show that this site was recurrently occupied during the Magdalenian period, including warm and cold phases, which provide a new evidence of sustainable presence of human populations in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the Upper Palaeolithic. We further propose hypotheses on the subsistence strategies (e.g. availability of hunting resources) developed at La Peña de Estebanvela and in a larger context including other Magdalenian sites of the inner region of the Peninsula.

Abstract This paper presents the results obtained from the study of the bivalves recovered during the archaeological excavations in the Vestibulo chamber of Nerja Cave (Malaga, southern Spain) carried out by Professor Francisco Jorda Cerda between 1983 and 1987. These excavations recovered the archaeological record of the sequence from the Gravettian to the Neolithic. The mollusc remains from the Vestibulo chamber of Nerja Cave record constitute an extraordinary collection, composed of more than 136000 specimens which correspond to more than 78 kg. In this work, only marine bivalves were studied. The bivalve remains are more than 124000 specimens, corresponding to more than 65 kg from 31 taxa. More than 115000 of these specimens (59 kg) are derived from the shell midden dated to GS 1. The archaeological record of Nerja Cave is distinguished by the abundant presence of human-provided marine and continental molluscs with a high presence of bivalves. Marine bivalves increased clearly from the LGM to the mid-Holocene, and the human inhabitants of the cave accumulated an important shell midden in the contact between MIS 2 and MIS 1.

Abstract San Quirce is an MIS 4 open-air site with a Neanderthal occupation in primary position. Expeditious technology was used here, aimed at producing very simple tools. Meat consumption has been detected along with, more notably, work on hides, wood and plant fibres which could be processed for string. Only a small part of the San Quirce Neanderthals campsite has been dug to date. Nevertheless, it is a reference site in the search for evidence of Neanderthal patterns, cultural exchanges (learning, shared space) and resource administration (food, deferred consumption, differential object deposition, etc). San Quirce is defined as a site with a high degree of variability in the context of the Middle Palaeolithic cultural record. This assemblage provides valuable information for the reinterpretation of Neanderthal technological, economic, cultural and social capacities in an open air campsite.

Abstract The cave of Coimbre contains an important archaeological deposit divided into two different zones, of which most of the excavations carried out to date have taken place in Zone B. Coimbre B displays a full and very interesting Magdalenian sequence (with Lower, Middle and Upper Magdalenian levels), in addition to a Gravettian layer. The excavations were performed from 2008 to 2012. The hunter–gatherers who lived in Coimbre in the Upper Palaeolithic made use of several adaptation strategies allowing them to exploit all the abiotic and animal resources the environment afforded them. In this way, the faunal assemblage includes remains of ibex and chamois, associated with the mountains and crags in the immediate surroundings of the site, and also red deer, roe deer, aurochs and horses, indicating the exploitation of the animal resources living in the Besnes valley, at the foot of Sierra del Cuera. When the faunal remains in the Magdalenian levels, and those in the Gravettian layer, are analysed in greater detail, significant differences indicate a differential use of the terrain. Thus, in the Gravettian, the preferential hunting of aurochs and red deer suggests the valleys in the vicinity were exploited while steeper and more mountainous areas were visited less. In contrast, in the Magdalenian, the most common faunal remains belong to ibex, which was the most hunted species. Together with ibex, chamois is also very common, whereas bovids are found in very small numbers in the Magdalenian levels. These patterns reflect a change in the hunting behaviour of the occupants of the cave, in which the hunting of valley resources was transformed into a more intensive use of animals in more rugged areas, such as ibex and chamois. This paper presents the preliminary results of the study of Magdalenian occupations in Coimbre, following the excavations in Zone B, one of the most important places of Magdalenian human activities in Western Cantabria (northern Iberia).

This paper shows the first results of the archaeological excavation of Coímbre B, a site which until this moment has provided evidences of a rich Upper Magdalenian habitat, as well as Lower Magdalenian and Gravettian occupation remains. Stratigraphical sequence identified in B zone of Coímbre cave, significantly influenced by the movement of a seasonal and frequent water current, but in a more marginal form by the end of Upper Paleolithic each time, conditioned an sporadic human presence in B zone, combined with the occupation of another areas of the cave, thus becoming in a preferential habitat area in the moment in which water flow ceases definitely. This levels succession shows, in a graphic way, how had influenced different climatic oscillations in karstic activity and in the human occupation model developed in Coímbre cave.

This paper presents a progress on the general knowledge of the level 2 of El Olivo cave, dated in Middle Magdalenian. First data of this level concerning technotypological characteristics of lithic assemblages and the selection of raw materials, faunal data represented in the site, bone industries, adornments documented, and a dating are shown in this research. The location of El Olivo, in an area where the terrain is mostly undulating and flat, would allow an agile movement of human groups in this environment, which would be in direct relationship with the fact that Magdalenian groups who frequented this place had a great mobility Thus, in level 2 we found Trivia sp. shells collected in coastal area, coming from the N, and Piloña and Piedramuelle flint coming respectively from the E and the SW. Although geographically El Olivo is not placed in Nalón river valley, this cavity would be included in the “territory of the Nalón”. We frame this site under the so-called “secondary camps”.

ABSTRACT This last chapter provides an overall interpretation of the La Peña de Estebanvela site, the result of multidisciplinary research. Studies of the geoarchaeological, chronostratigraphic, taxonomic, zooarchaeological, taphonomic, anthracological and phytological records allow the chronology of the site's occupations to be determined. Sometimes even the seasonality of occupation can be established, and patterns of territory exploitation discerned. The results of technotypological, traceological and spatial analyses show a marked internal structuring of the site's space, and provide clues on the possible functions of the site. Finally, the detailed examination of the site's ornamental pieces and decorated stones shows the groups that used the rock shelter sometimes travelled great distances.

En 1968 se descubrieron las pinturas y grabados rupestres paleolíticos de la cueva del Pozu’l Ramu, actualmente conocida como cueva de Tito Bustillo y, por otro lado, diez años antes comenzaron los trabajos de investigación del profesor Francisco Jordá Cerda en los yacimientos paleolíticos riosellanos de Cova Rosa y El Cierro. Con motivo de estas dos efemérides -50 años del descubrimiento del arte de la cueva de Tito Bustillo y 60 del comienzo de los trabajos de Francisco Jordá en las cuevas citadas-, íntimamente relacionadas con la Prehistoria del valle del Sella, se presenta este libro que pretende ser una síntesis divulgativa del estado actual del conocimiento que se tiene sobre el poblamiento humano prehistórico en el valle del Sella y áreas aledañas, desde los primeros pobladores del Paleolítico inferior y medio hasta las sociedades complejas de la Edad del Hierro.

Autores de los capítulos:

Esteban Álvarez-Fernández
Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca.

Jesús F. Jordá Pardo
Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia - UNED. Madrid.

David Álvarez-Alonso
Departamento Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid – UCM. Madrid.

Pablo Arias Cabal
Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria. Santander.

Julián Bécares Pérez
Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca.

Rafael Bolado del Castillo
Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria. Santander.

Miriam Cubas Morera
Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi. Donostia-San Sebastián.

Fructuoso Díaz
Fundación Municipal de Cultura, Ayuntamiento de Siero, Siero (Asturias).

Mikel A. Fano
Departamento de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad de La Rioja. Logroño.

José Antonio López Saez
CSIC, Madrid

Manuel Mallo Viesca

Sergio Martín-Jarque
Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca.

Alberto Martínez Villa
Centro Ecomuseo de la Fauna Glacial de Onís, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Arqueológicos, Prehistóricos y Paleontológicos del Cuaternario Cantábrico. Avín (Onís).

Mario Menéndez Fernández
Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia - UNED. Madrid.

Sara Nuñez de la Fuente
Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria. Santander.

Rodrigo Portero
Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca.

The Geosite of Jarama VI is a rock shelter containing a lithostratigraphic sequence formed by five Upper Pleistocene sedimentary units, three of wich present archaeological remains of the Middle Palaeolithic with an age older than 50 ka BP and even a bone remain of Homo neanderthalensis. In order to preserve all this analog information of this Geosite we have reviewed the traditional archaeological record of the excavations performed between 1989-1993 in order to digitize it and perform a Spatial Data Infrastructure and a spatial and statistical analysis. We have also carried out a hydraulic study of the paleo-floods observed in its sedimentary record.

The Nerja Cave (Málaga) which is situated on the Mediterranean Andalusian coast, offers an interesting
cultural sequence, and in this study, the levels of this secuence corresponding to the Late Madgalenian,
the Epipaleolithic, and the beginning of Neolithic periods are studied.
Correlative to the cultural changes observed in this sequence, the analysis of the malacofaune provides a
series of data which allows the environmental evolution to be established. From these environmental
changes, we endeavour to explain the cultural evolution as well as to determine a basic feature in the
dietary habits of the Cave’s inhabitants. In the same way, through the malacofaune we have been able to
reconstruct the coastal landscape in the successive cultural stages.

Prologue
It was around sixty six years ago when José Lombardía Zardaín (1913-2004) -a carpenter from the Council of Allande (Asturias, Spain)-, who was an archaeology enthusiast, discovered what seemed to be a hillfort in mount San Chuis. Quite wisely, he alerted Alfonso Pérez Garrido (1930-2017) right away. The latter was a merchant from Pola de Allande, the capital of the mentioned council, a man with a strong interest for knowledge and the preservation of the historical remains found in his land. A few years later, in 1955, Alfonso Pérez Garrido notified the then Head of the Archaeological Research Department from the Asturian Provincial Council and Director of the Archaeological Museum of Oviedo, Francisco Jordá Cerdá (1914-2004), the finding of a stone with some carvings during the forestry works that had taken place in the Council of Allande. Francisco Jordá Cerdá went to Pola and payed a visit to the site of the carved stone. After the purpose of the journey had been completed, Alfonso Pérez Garrido disclosed to him the existence of the hillfort found by José Lombardía Zardaín some years earlier. Immediately, they payed the latter a visit to his carpentry workshop in order to climb up to the San Chuis hillfort that very same day and perform the first scientific survey. The archaeological diggings started in Summer of 1962 and continued until the following Summer, under the direction of Francisco Jordá Cerdá. The archaeological works at the hillfort were interrupted for more than fifteen years, until 1979, when the very same director who had started the works resumed them; by then he was a Professor of Archaeology, Epigraphy and Numismatics in the University of Salamanca, and this time the leader of a large team of students, graduates and specialists from several Spanish and Portuguese universities, who Summer after Summer worked in the settlement until 1986.
All these archaeological works brought to light a large part of the hillfort of an aproximate stretch of 2,000 square meters and provided a large quantity of archaeological information, which was carefuly obtained and recorded following a very detailed methodology. During the years that had elapsed since the end of the diggings to the present, researchers who belonged to Francisco Jordá’s team and some new members who were gradually incorporated to the working team of San Chuis worked intensely in the production of a digital cartography of the settlement, a geophysical survey of the unexcavated areas, an stratigraphy of the site and its chronology through a program of radiocarbon dating, an analysis of the urban planning and defenses, an study of ceramic, lithic and metal remains and an analysis of the faunal and anthracologic remains.
Finally, the author of the present book, Juana Molina Salido, had the courage to accept my proposal for doing her doctoral dissertation using all the existing data, documents and knowledge about the hillfort, which we had accumulated along the years. The goal of her work was the integration of all these data, reports and publications in a spatial data infrastructure using the new information and communication technologies for their future adequate preservation, with the aim of making them available to the scientific community and for their outreach and dissemination to society. The result of this effort is the book the reader is now holding, together with the complementary information which can be browsed at the Archaeopress website. A book which gathers the history of the hillfort’s research, campaign after campaign, analyzing its archaeological register; but which above all focuses on the spatial data infrastucture and on the analysis of the archaeological remains, both constructive and artifactual, in order to attain an innovative proposal of a virtual 3D reconstruction of the settlement, that will allow its observation from a different perspective. Ultimately, the material contained in this work represents a step forward in the archaeological practice, for it allows to reconstruct the traces of the past in a very attractive manner, and can be used for virtually visiting the settlement through a website specially created for that purpose, and even for a future construction of a center for the interpretation of the hillfort; in essence, it provides a great chance to give back to society the results of a research undertaken with public funding.
Sixty six years have elapsed since the hillfort’s discovery and many have been the people who have worked investigating and defending its archaeological record. For this reason, I want to remember specially here the three persons who intervened in its discovery, José Lombardía Zardaín, Alfonso Pérez Garrido and Francisco Jordá Cerdá, as well as all the neighbors, students and graduates who participated in the diggings and the researchers who have worked with its archaeological record. Finally, I wish to highlight the enormous effort made by the book’s author, Juana Molina Salido, who undertook her doctoral dissertation without any institutional financial support, as well as the wise contributions of Professor Gonzalo Ruiz Zapatero, co-director of the dissertation, and of course, the enthusiasm expressed by David Davison, editor of Archaeopress, in fostering the publication of this book, and the great work of Darko Jerko, who was in charge of the complex layout.
I wish to put an end to this prologue with a consideration. Since the first publication by Professor Francisco Jordá Cerdá, the San Chuis hillfort has always been a first line reference in the study of the Asturian Iron Age. More than fifty years have elapsed since it was unearthed for the first time, and now, we have in our hands a beautiful book which gathers, in a quite synthetic way, the different investigations undertaken. It will surely become a new reference in the research of the Spanish Iron Age; however, the book does not represent the end of the archaeological investigations in the San Chuis hillfort, quite the opposite, it opens a pathway for proposing new hypotheses and for the development of new lines of research. The San Chuis hillfort and its discoverers deserve it.