Valid and reliable diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder is important for clinical practice,... more Valid and reliable diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder is important for clinical practice, scientific research and forensic settings. The aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Polish version of SCID-I F Module for the diagnosis of PTSD. Five hundred twenty six motor vehicle accident survivors participated in the study. Clinical diagnosis was based on SCID-I-PTSD interview. Participants filled out a set of self-report inventories concerning PTSD symptoms (PDS), depression (BDI-II), anxiety (STAI) and posttraumatic cognitions (PTCI). The interview assessment showed high reliability and both convergent and discriminative validity. SCID-I-PTSD interview proved to be more specific than PDS inventory. Interview items show good psychometric properties (except an item C3) and no differential item functioning for sex. Latent structure analysis of PTSD symptoms were nonconclusive. A part of Module F of the SCID-I, a structured clinical interview for the asse...
The aim of the study was to examine the role of six temperamental traits as measured by the Forma... more The aim of the study was to examine the role of six temperamental traits as measured by the Formal Characteristics of Behavior–Temperament Inventory [briskness (BR), perseveration (PE), sensory sensitivity (SS), emotional reactivity (ER), endurance (EN) and activity (AC)] in mediating event-related potentials and heart rate responses to visual stimuli. 63 right-handed women, aged 19–25years, participated in the study. Pleasant, unpleasant
A psychometric study has been conducted with the aim of testing the validity of the Formal Charac... more A psychometric study has been conducted with the aim of testing the validity of the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour—Temperament Inventory (FCB—TI). FCB—TI has been constructed to measure six temperament traits according to the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT): Briskness, Perseverance (referring to the temporal aspect of behavior), Sensory Sensitivity, Emotional Reactivity, Endurance, and Activity (referring to the energetic characteristics of behaviour). These traits have been compared with other temperament as well as personality dimensions. The following measures were used: PTS, EAS—TS, DOTS—R, EPQ—R, SSS—V, 16PF, and NEO-FFI. The study was conducted on samples consisting of over 1500 subjects with satisfactory balanced gender ratio (about 50 per cent), and with a broad range of age (from 15 to 77 years), representing a variety of professions and educational levels. The correlational and factor analytic findings are presented; these show high theoretical validity of the FCB—TI scales, except the Sensory Sensitivity scale. In the discussion some conclusions concerning the revision of the structure of temperament have been suggested.
We examined the general factor of personality (GFP) in the structure of six Polish language inven... more We examined the general factor of personality (GFP) in the structure of six Polish language inventories (32 scales) and found the GFP most saturated by temperament traits located within Neuroticism and Extraversion (with high congruence between samples and applied measures). Data were obtained in two samples comprising over 2000 individuals by self-report and peer-ratings from analyses of six following inventories: NEO-FFI, EPQ-R, EAS-TS, DOTS-R, PTS, and FCB-TI. We suggest that arousability is the pivotal biological mechanism for these traits (and the GFP) and above this, the GFP may primarily reflect only a classification of basic dimensions of personality, based on their shared variances, which it is not useful to reduce to one general factor.
Among the criteria for a personality paradigm the following three are the most crucial: biologica... more Among the criteria for a personality paradigm the following three are the most crucial: biological basis (e.g., genetic contribution to the phenotypic variance), universality (existence of traits in different cultures) and reality (possibility to measure traits by different methods). The present study combines all three criteria to explore the impact of genetic and environmental factors on temperamental traits, as stipulated by Strelau's regulative theory of temperament, across two culturally different samples (Polish and German), and by means of two diagnostic methods (self-report and peer-rating). The analysis was conducted on data obtained from 1009 same-sex pairs of twins (German sample) and 546 same-sex pairs of twins (Polish sample). For each subject the self-report as well as rating from two independent peers was recorded by both the Polish and German versions of the Formal Characteristics of Behavior—Temperament Inventory. Results demonstrate substantial heritability of temperamental traits, although average peer-rating tends to provide lower heritability estimates than self-report (for six traits M = 33% and M = 46% of the total variance, respectively). After separating the error variance from the effect of nonshared environment for both methods (self-report and peer-rating) and both samples, joint analysis indicated a very high impact of genetic factors (the average raised up to 66% of the total variance). No significant "sample" effect was found, so that we may allows to conclude that temperamental traits are determined in both cultures to the same extent by genetic factors.
This study assesses the impact of temperament and trauma considered as predictors of Posttraumati... more This study assesses the impact of temperament and trauma considered as predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms experienced during flood and coal mining accidents. Five samples were studied – one comprised of coal miners who experienced a mining catastrophe (N = 52) and four samples of flood victims (N = 1041), including 562 females. PTSD symptoms were measured –
This paper presents the process of construction of the Italian version of the Formal Characterist... more This paper presents the process of construction of the Italian version of the Formal Characteristics of BehaviourTemperament Inventory, the instrument which was originally developed in Polish. This questionnaire measures six temperamental traits, according to ...
The relationship between the sense of coherence (SOC) and the intensity of posttraumatic stress d... more The relationship between the sense of coherence (SOC) and the intensity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was examined in order to determine its nature and to resolve the inconsistencies between (1) a growing body of empirical research that indicates a linear relationship between these variables, and (2) the schema-based theories of PTSD that suggest a curvilinear relationship between cognitions and the intensity of PTSD. In this cross-sectional study an attempt was also made to identify some psychological factors that moderate this relationship. Participants were a sample of 1132 motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors. The results showed that gender and temperamental predisposition to PTSD constituted moderator variables of the relationship between SOC and the intensity of PTSD. This supported both the empirical evidence on the linear and negative relationship between SOC and the intensity of PTSD and the theories that postulated the curvilinear relationship.
Behavioral genetic studies have demonstrated the heritability of many variables taken to be measu... more Behavioral genetic studies have demonstrated the heritability of many variables taken to be measures of environment and previously thought to be determined only by environment. It has been also shown that personal variables may determine the appearance of stressors understood as life changes (events). The hypothesis underlying this study predicted that the genetic factor does not contribute to the variance
Valid and reliable diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder is important for clinical practice,... more Valid and reliable diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder is important for clinical practice, scientific research and forensic settings. The aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Polish version of SCID-I F Module for the diagnosis of PTSD. Five hundred twenty six motor vehicle accident survivors participated in the study. Clinical diagnosis was based on SCID-I-PTSD interview. Participants filled out a set of self-report inventories concerning PTSD symptoms (PDS), depression (BDI-II), anxiety (STAI) and posttraumatic cognitions (PTCI). The interview assessment showed high reliability and both convergent and discriminative validity. SCID-I-PTSD interview proved to be more specific than PDS inventory. Interview items show good psychometric properties (except an item C3) and no differential item functioning for sex. Latent structure analysis of PTSD symptoms were nonconclusive. A part of Module F of the SCID-I, a structured clinical interview for the asse...
The aim of the study was to examine the role of six temperamental traits as measured by the Forma... more The aim of the study was to examine the role of six temperamental traits as measured by the Formal Characteristics of Behavior–Temperament Inventory [briskness (BR), perseveration (PE), sensory sensitivity (SS), emotional reactivity (ER), endurance (EN) and activity (AC)] in mediating event-related potentials and heart rate responses to visual stimuli. 63 right-handed women, aged 19–25years, participated in the study. Pleasant, unpleasant
A psychometric study has been conducted with the aim of testing the validity of the Formal Charac... more A psychometric study has been conducted with the aim of testing the validity of the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour—Temperament Inventory (FCB—TI). FCB—TI has been constructed to measure six temperament traits according to the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT): Briskness, Perseverance (referring to the temporal aspect of behavior), Sensory Sensitivity, Emotional Reactivity, Endurance, and Activity (referring to the energetic characteristics of behaviour). These traits have been compared with other temperament as well as personality dimensions. The following measures were used: PTS, EAS—TS, DOTS—R, EPQ—R, SSS—V, 16PF, and NEO-FFI. The study was conducted on samples consisting of over 1500 subjects with satisfactory balanced gender ratio (about 50 per cent), and with a broad range of age (from 15 to 77 years), representing a variety of professions and educational levels. The correlational and factor analytic findings are presented; these show high theoretical validity of the FCB—TI scales, except the Sensory Sensitivity scale. In the discussion some conclusions concerning the revision of the structure of temperament have been suggested.
We examined the general factor of personality (GFP) in the structure of six Polish language inven... more We examined the general factor of personality (GFP) in the structure of six Polish language inventories (32 scales) and found the GFP most saturated by temperament traits located within Neuroticism and Extraversion (with high congruence between samples and applied measures). Data were obtained in two samples comprising over 2000 individuals by self-report and peer-ratings from analyses of six following inventories: NEO-FFI, EPQ-R, EAS-TS, DOTS-R, PTS, and FCB-TI. We suggest that arousability is the pivotal biological mechanism for these traits (and the GFP) and above this, the GFP may primarily reflect only a classification of basic dimensions of personality, based on their shared variances, which it is not useful to reduce to one general factor.
Among the criteria for a personality paradigm the following three are the most crucial: biologica... more Among the criteria for a personality paradigm the following three are the most crucial: biological basis (e.g., genetic contribution to the phenotypic variance), universality (existence of traits in different cultures) and reality (possibility to measure traits by different methods). The present study combines all three criteria to explore the impact of genetic and environmental factors on temperamental traits, as stipulated by Strelau's regulative theory of temperament, across two culturally different samples (Polish and German), and by means of two diagnostic methods (self-report and peer-rating). The analysis was conducted on data obtained from 1009 same-sex pairs of twins (German sample) and 546 same-sex pairs of twins (Polish sample). For each subject the self-report as well as rating from two independent peers was recorded by both the Polish and German versions of the Formal Characteristics of Behavior—Temperament Inventory. Results demonstrate substantial heritability of temperamental traits, although average peer-rating tends to provide lower heritability estimates than self-report (for six traits M = 33% and M = 46% of the total variance, respectively). After separating the error variance from the effect of nonshared environment for both methods (self-report and peer-rating) and both samples, joint analysis indicated a very high impact of genetic factors (the average raised up to 66% of the total variance). No significant "sample" effect was found, so that we may allows to conclude that temperamental traits are determined in both cultures to the same extent by genetic factors.
This study assesses the impact of temperament and trauma considered as predictors of Posttraumati... more This study assesses the impact of temperament and trauma considered as predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms experienced during flood and coal mining accidents. Five samples were studied – one comprised of coal miners who experienced a mining catastrophe (N = 52) and four samples of flood victims (N = 1041), including 562 females. PTSD symptoms were measured –
This paper presents the process of construction of the Italian version of the Formal Characterist... more This paper presents the process of construction of the Italian version of the Formal Characteristics of BehaviourTemperament Inventory, the instrument which was originally developed in Polish. This questionnaire measures six temperamental traits, according to ...
The relationship between the sense of coherence (SOC) and the intensity of posttraumatic stress d... more The relationship between the sense of coherence (SOC) and the intensity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was examined in order to determine its nature and to resolve the inconsistencies between (1) a growing body of empirical research that indicates a linear relationship between these variables, and (2) the schema-based theories of PTSD that suggest a curvilinear relationship between cognitions and the intensity of PTSD. In this cross-sectional study an attempt was also made to identify some psychological factors that moderate this relationship. Participants were a sample of 1132 motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors. The results showed that gender and temperamental predisposition to PTSD constituted moderator variables of the relationship between SOC and the intensity of PTSD. This supported both the empirical evidence on the linear and negative relationship between SOC and the intensity of PTSD and the theories that postulated the curvilinear relationship.
Behavioral genetic studies have demonstrated the heritability of many variables taken to be measu... more Behavioral genetic studies have demonstrated the heritability of many variables taken to be measures of environment and previously thought to be determined only by environment. It has been also shown that personal variables may determine the appearance of stressors understood as life changes (events). The hypothesis underlying this study predicted that the genetic factor does not contribute to the variance
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