The Peruvian Andes are well known for its ethnic and highly compressed ecological diversity. Anci... more The Peruvian Andes are well known for its ethnic and highly compressed ecological diversity. Ancient and modern Andean societies faced and continue to face various crises of climatic, social, political, or economic nature. Those crises forced the population to establish different types of inter-group relationships and identities, resulting in vast range of competitive/cooperative behaviors across the varied social and physical landscapes, including warfare, trade, alliance-building, co-residence, and any combinations of these and other practices. Judging by the results of systematic surveys and archaeological excavations run by the authors for the last 20 years, access to water resources has always been a major concern, especially in the vast desert areas on the coast of today's Peru. Using spatial, diachronic, and multidisciplinary approaches and employing fieldwork data from the archaeological sites of the province of Huarmey authors try to better understand the nature and outcome of distinct groups interacting across the varied social and physical landscapes of the desertic coast and highlands and how their different entanglements shaped the geo-political landscape of this area throughout the pre-Hispanic and early Hispanic periods.
Digital Archaeologies, Material Worlds (Past and Present). Proceedings of the 45rd Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, edited by Jeffrey B. Glover, Jessica Moss, and Dominique Rissolo, 99–113. Tübingen: Tübingen University Press, 2020
Ever since field survey has become an important method in researching ancient communities we can ... more Ever since field survey has become an important method in researching ancient communities we can observe improvement of its technological and theoretical aspects. Nowadays, rapid urban sprawl and intensified agriculture lead to the increasing destruction of sites and archaeological landscapes throughout the globe. Thus, an adequate low budget strategies is needed, that will able help to document, preserve, study and manage all what is left. The introduction of GIS and GNSS mobile applications opened a such possibility. At the 2017 CAA meetings in Atlanta, the authors organized a session entitled "Mobile GIS in archaeology current possibilities, future needs", at which the current issues and possibilities were discussed. The session resulted in this summary paper. The main aim of the paper is to re-evaluate the contemporary concept of the survey that was introduced due to a rapid increase of GPS accuracy and development of mobile technology.
The ceramics of Castillo Huarmey, a Wari-culture political center and elite necropolis on the nor... more The ceramics of Castillo Huarmey, a Wari-culture political center and elite necropolis on the north coast of Peru (ca. 750––1000 AD) were subjected to mineral studies to assess production practices and proveniences. The diversity and quality of grave goods suggested non-local productions and quality-controlled manufacture. However, relying on experimental tiles of local clay and sand samples to compare with the archaeological material, petrographic analyses revealed the existence of a variety of production areas with multiple potters probably operating within less than 10 km from the site. Much of the ceramics appear to have been produced with material available in the Huarmey Valley and possibly the adjacent Culebras Valley as well. The manufacture of polychrome Wari ceramics and fine reduced press-mold wares denote care in material selection, granulometry control and firing, and homogeneity in paste composition and technology. Press-mold wares show greater variability in material provenience, composition and granulometry. Communities of potters were sharing the same technological tradition to produce a certain range of styles and forms, and could have worked with different agendas, supplying different patrons or types of products. Upper Huarmey river drainage basin producers probably contributed much less to the distribution network supplying the Huarmey community.
A vast amount of ceramics ‐among other grave goods‐ were recovered from Castillo de Huarmey, a Wa... more A vast amount of ceramics ‐among other grave goods‐ were recovered from Castillo de Huarmey, a Wari culture (650‐1050 AD) archaeological site on the north coast of Peru. In order to assess ceramic production area(s) and possible trade, political or cultural interactions with other regions, and to complement earlier petrographic analysis, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) was conducted, following a rarely used methodology in archaeology. The chemical composition of individual minerals in ceramics and sediments samples from the Huarmey Valley was obtained, focusing mainly on amphiboles, feldspars and pyroxenes. The results of the analyses clearly indicate that the majority of the ceramic analyzed was made with raw material of local origin.
This paper describes history and archaeological topography of the Norther Necropolis of Gebelein ... more This paper describes history and archaeological topography of the Norther Necropolis of Gebelein that was partly reconstructed using data from archival materials and results of current field surveys.
Gebelein is located in southern Egypt, ca. 28km southwest from Luxor, and was subject of numerous archaeological works since 1885. Most of them were not published or their results were presented in very limited way.
Several extraordinary tombs were discovered at the Northern Necropolis of Gebelein. Worth mentioning is an Old Kingdom mastaba with burials made not only in its shafts, but also within its walls. The so called Tomb of Unknowns, that of the General Iti II and his wife Neferu, who was local priestess of Hathor, are well known, but their archaeological contexts were until now poorly known. There were also other tombs discovered at the site, which locations were forgotten. Thanks to the current study their locations were re-discovered and archaeological topography and history of the eastern part of the Northern Necropolis of Gebelein was reconstructed.
The cemetery was developing since the predynastic times (4th millennium BCE) and the latest burials are dated to the Greco-Roman Period (332 BCE – 395 AD). The necropolis presents the development of a significant, provincial burial ground of a local elite. An analysis of its history can contribute to the reconstruction of the history of the region. Worth to note features of the cemetery are Nubian influences on local funerary customs, Middle Kingdom tombs re-used during the 1st millennium BCE, and previously not mentioned in publications animal mummies discovered at the site.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 28/2, 215–237, 2019
Fieldwork in early 2019 by the Gebelein Archaeological Project encompassed surveys of two cemeter... more Fieldwork in early 2019 by the Gebelein Archaeological Project encompassed surveys of two cemeteries situated south of the ancient town of Per-Hathor/Pathyris in the area of the Eastern Mountain of Gebelein. One of these is dated to the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period, the other tentatively to Fatimid times. The third survey searched for local chert sources on the Western Mountain, investigating a local tradition of lithic tool production.
All periods of Egyptian history are represented at Gebelein and it encompasses many kinds of arch... more All periods of Egyptian history are represented at Gebelein and it encompasses many kinds of archaeological site found in the Nile valley (that is, cemeteries, settlements, fortifications, temples, rock quarries etc.). The area was a significant centre in the history of ancient Egypt, but its exact role and the reasons for its importance still awaits explanation. That is why the Gebelein Archaeological Project was initiated. The field survey of Gebelein, which started in 2014, aims to recognise the topography of the area and the degree of destruction of the sites and to locate archaeological remains as well as to determine their interpretation and dating. This report outlines the results of work conducted during seasons 2014, 2015 and 2016, which encompassed the archaeological and epigraphic field surveys, geophysical prospection as well as work conducted in the rock-cut chapel of Hathor.
Analysis of pottery is one of the best methods for the functional and chronological interpretatio... more Analysis of pottery is one of the best methods for the functional and chronological interpretation of archaeological sites. By applying Geographic Information System (GIS) onto Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), it has provided new opportunities in field prospection in the form of Comprehensive Field Survey (CFS). As a multidisciplinary approach, it offers good results in terms of data acquisition and proves to be an inexpensive and accurate solution for complex, non-invasive research.
The paper presents results of the analysis of the changes in the landscape in the central part of... more The paper presents results of the analysis of the changes in the landscape in the central part of Upper Egypt caused by the modern expansion of the agricultural and settlement areas. The case study are archaeological sites: Abbadiya, Hiu and el-Amra. History of the research, description of the sites and threats caused by contemporary development of settlements, agriculture and infrastructure has been presented. Archival as well as contemporary maps and satellite images were used to trace changes and threats to the archaeological heritage in the area.
Short description and preliminary interpretation of a rock-cut temple at Gebelein, till now unpub... more Short description and preliminary interpretation of a rock-cut temple at Gebelein, till now unpublished. Full presentation of the monument will by published by Daniel Takács. Let's hope sooner than later :)
A field reconnaissance in the region of Gebelein, Khozam and el-Rizeiqat in 2013 was aimed at obt... more A field reconnaissance in the region of Gebelein, Khozam and el-Rizeiqat in 2013 was aimed at obtaining information on site topography and state of preservation, even as it tested mobile GIS devices and remote sensing analysis to improve usage procedures in field prospection. Archival maps and satellite imaging were used to locate archaeological features, analyze changes of landscape and modern expansion of the cultivation zone from the natural alluvial plain into the low desert area.
The Gebelein archaeological site complex is located 28 km southwest of Luxor, on the western bank... more The Gebelein archaeological site complex is located 28 km southwest of Luxor, on the western bank of the Nile in the Qena Governorate in Egypt. Practically all kinds of archaeological sites known in Egypt are represented in the site complex, dating from the Paleolithic through the Islamic Period. Modern expansion of the cultivation zone and settlement development is threatening the survival of many of the sites, hence the project proposes to investigate the site complex with a new form of comprehensive field survey. The novelty of the method depends on combining the results of gathering, managing, storing, post-processing and interpreting different types of individual data from the field. The team has carried out a magnetic prospection of selected parts of the site and combined the results with an analysis of data coming from a number of other research and survey methods, including most recently an anthropological and ceramological survey.
would like to share our program, created on the basis of pedagogical principles for higher educat... more would like to share our program, created on the basis of pedagogical principles for higher education. Also we would like to show our experience in connecting GIS theory, methodology and work in the office with archaeological field survey. We explain to the students how to prepare themselves for such research, how to proceed and collect data in the field and digitize results of their work. Part of the program is to explain and perform statistical analysis and present it as proper, cartographic and digital maps. We would like to highlight problems connected with preparing exercises for different levels of students, with and without theoretical knowledge. Also we would like to point out problems connected to data copyrights that might occur just as well as problems of obtaining data form national sources.
The paper proposes a work flow before, during and after the archaeological field survey, with the... more The paper proposes a work flow before, during and after the archaeological field survey, with the use of mobile GIS technology, aimed at verifying the location of archaeological sites, documented in the 1980s and 1990s.
The first part characterized the field survey and of scientific and conservation assumptions of the program called the Polish Archaeological Record, which became the basis for a national register of archaeological sites and the current source of spatial data acquisition. The text specified also circumstances needed to carry out verification research. Further part described the steps of the research process, carried out with the use of traditional methods and based on the analogue records. Additionally, areas endangered by the risk of generating errors were highlighted.
The next part proposes work flow on the mobile devices with GIS, with a focus on the process of preparing materials for actions in the field - acquiring digital data from analogue maps. The text compares the possibilities and characteristics of GPS navigators, tablets and smartphones with Google applications and PDAs with GIS software as research tools for the verification of data obtained. Key features of selected devices and applications are summarized in the table.
The summary indicates the benefits of the new solutions during the field survey, significant changes in relation to traditional methods, and the postulate to take into account new technologies and adapt to
them the collected information about the resources of the archaeological heritage in the national conservation offices.
This paper presents the results of the combination of two imaging techniques – RTI and decorrelat... more This paper presents the results of the combination of two imaging techniques – RTI and decorrelation. Both techniques have been used during epigraphic survey of Gebelein in Egypt. The combination helped to discovered new graffiti, dipinti, and helped in understanding and examining of the already known ones.
This is a very generic presentation on the recent field works at Gebelein, which has been publish... more This is a very generic presentation on the recent field works at Gebelein, which has been published after the first season (2014). So far two more seasons (2015 and 2016) has been conducted, so the article is out of date but it gives an idea of direction of the research. Unfortunately, I cannot make the articles public for five years due to copyright reasons, but feel free to request the article.
Forum GIS UW. GIS na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Materiały pokonferencyjne z 5. i 6. Forum GIS na UW, 2019
Mobile GIS application on smartphones in archaeological field prospection
(there is a mistake i... more Mobile GIS application on smartphones in archaeological field prospection
(there is a mistake in pdf. English title should be: Mobile GIS application on smartphones in archaeological field prospection)
Nowadays, there are many GIS applications available for phone or tablet. Many but not all of these applications can have professional geodetic functions. Those apps allow collection of spatial data including archeological sites and other features of cultural heritage. However, what would happen if archaeologists decided to use these types of applications during their field prospection research? Would it change their process of creating and conducting prospections? If yes, how will its use influence traditional field prospection? Which element of this process will change due to new technology, and what archaeologist should look out for the most while using those new tools? It seems that mobile GIS apps might revolutionize surveying in archaeology, as a cheaper, easier and more flexible method to register archaeological remains. During the summer season of , two mobile GIS application were tested (Collector and Survey) at two archaeological sites located nearby Castillo de Huarmey, Peru. The applications were prepared for archeological survey by the author of this text, however, the field data collection was conducted by seven students from di ferent faculties and having di ferent experience. The goal of this article is to present the process of preparing the applications, field data collection and visuali-zation of the results. Słowa kluczowe: GIS, mobilny GIS, smartfon, archeologiczne badania powierzchniowe, survey , archeologia, Castillo de Huarmey, Peru
The analysis of contemporary and archival satellite images and archaeological documentations pres... more The analysis of contemporary and archival satellite images and archaeological documentations presents the possibility of monitoring the state of archaeological sites in the Near East (for example, Palmyra in Syria). As it will be demonstrated in the case of Upper Egyptian sites, the rapid growth of agricultural lands and settlements can pose a great threat to sites localized on the border of fields and the desert. As a case study, the Qena district was chosen, a region of significance for the history of ancient Egypt. To trace the expansion of agriculture and the development of modern settlements, a synthesis of archival maps (from the last 200 years), and archival and contemporary satellite images was created. By applying map algebra to these documents, it was possible to determine areas which may be marked as " Archaeological Hazard Zones ". The analysis helped to trace the expansion of agricultural areas during the last 200 years and the influence of both—ancient Egyptians and the Nile—on the local landscape.
Archaeological sites are mostly preserved through their field documentation: plans, sketches, pho... more Archaeological sites are mostly preserved through their field documentation: plans, sketches, photos, descriptions, etc.. Nowadays all this data can be gathered and analyzed in Geographic Information Systems. GIS allows to conduct spatial analysis and its results may give new information about sites. Through the example of three case studies I would like to present how powerful tool for conservation this could be and how broad scope it could have. Altdorf 'Am Friedhof', Germany, a Celtic settlement, was documented only as a paper documentation. With the use of Geographic Information System it was possible to analyse localization of artefacts and get information about new features. The project of documentation of the Gebelein site complex in Upper Egypt is focused on gathering different types of data from several kinds of sources. This jigsaw helps to reconstruct the progress of previous researches and to understand the complexity and history of Gebelein. During excavation in a mausoleum in El Castillo de Huarmey, Peru, “analog” paper documentation was replaced with nearly fully digital one. Only sketches of skeletons were based on ortophotographs. Obtained data was digitized, georeferenced and used for basic, statistical analysis and visual interpretation of the burial context. The presentation shows how a proper process of gathering, manipulating and analysing archival, field and digital data allows to expend our knowledge about the past, reconstruct the forgotten landscape and present results for society in a interesting and understandable way.
The Peruvian Andes are well known for its ethnic and highly compressed ecological diversity. Anci... more The Peruvian Andes are well known for its ethnic and highly compressed ecological diversity. Ancient and modern Andean societies faced and continue to face various crises of climatic, social, political, or economic nature. Those crises forced the population to establish different types of inter-group relationships and identities, resulting in vast range of competitive/cooperative behaviors across the varied social and physical landscapes, including warfare, trade, alliance-building, co-residence, and any combinations of these and other practices. Judging by the results of systematic surveys and archaeological excavations run by the authors for the last 20 years, access to water resources has always been a major concern, especially in the vast desert areas on the coast of today's Peru. Using spatial, diachronic, and multidisciplinary approaches and employing fieldwork data from the archaeological sites of the province of Huarmey authors try to better understand the nature and outcome of distinct groups interacting across the varied social and physical landscapes of the desertic coast and highlands and how their different entanglements shaped the geo-political landscape of this area throughout the pre-Hispanic and early Hispanic periods.
Digital Archaeologies, Material Worlds (Past and Present). Proceedings of the 45rd Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, edited by Jeffrey B. Glover, Jessica Moss, and Dominique Rissolo, 99–113. Tübingen: Tübingen University Press, 2020
Ever since field survey has become an important method in researching ancient communities we can ... more Ever since field survey has become an important method in researching ancient communities we can observe improvement of its technological and theoretical aspects. Nowadays, rapid urban sprawl and intensified agriculture lead to the increasing destruction of sites and archaeological landscapes throughout the globe. Thus, an adequate low budget strategies is needed, that will able help to document, preserve, study and manage all what is left. The introduction of GIS and GNSS mobile applications opened a such possibility. At the 2017 CAA meetings in Atlanta, the authors organized a session entitled "Mobile GIS in archaeology current possibilities, future needs", at which the current issues and possibilities were discussed. The session resulted in this summary paper. The main aim of the paper is to re-evaluate the contemporary concept of the survey that was introduced due to a rapid increase of GPS accuracy and development of mobile technology.
The ceramics of Castillo Huarmey, a Wari-culture political center and elite necropolis on the nor... more The ceramics of Castillo Huarmey, a Wari-culture political center and elite necropolis on the north coast of Peru (ca. 750––1000 AD) were subjected to mineral studies to assess production practices and proveniences. The diversity and quality of grave goods suggested non-local productions and quality-controlled manufacture. However, relying on experimental tiles of local clay and sand samples to compare with the archaeological material, petrographic analyses revealed the existence of a variety of production areas with multiple potters probably operating within less than 10 km from the site. Much of the ceramics appear to have been produced with material available in the Huarmey Valley and possibly the adjacent Culebras Valley as well. The manufacture of polychrome Wari ceramics and fine reduced press-mold wares denote care in material selection, granulometry control and firing, and homogeneity in paste composition and technology. Press-mold wares show greater variability in material provenience, composition and granulometry. Communities of potters were sharing the same technological tradition to produce a certain range of styles and forms, and could have worked with different agendas, supplying different patrons or types of products. Upper Huarmey river drainage basin producers probably contributed much less to the distribution network supplying the Huarmey community.
A vast amount of ceramics ‐among other grave goods‐ were recovered from Castillo de Huarmey, a Wa... more A vast amount of ceramics ‐among other grave goods‐ were recovered from Castillo de Huarmey, a Wari culture (650‐1050 AD) archaeological site on the north coast of Peru. In order to assess ceramic production area(s) and possible trade, political or cultural interactions with other regions, and to complement earlier petrographic analysis, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) was conducted, following a rarely used methodology in archaeology. The chemical composition of individual minerals in ceramics and sediments samples from the Huarmey Valley was obtained, focusing mainly on amphiboles, feldspars and pyroxenes. The results of the analyses clearly indicate that the majority of the ceramic analyzed was made with raw material of local origin.
This paper describes history and archaeological topography of the Norther Necropolis of Gebelein ... more This paper describes history and archaeological topography of the Norther Necropolis of Gebelein that was partly reconstructed using data from archival materials and results of current field surveys.
Gebelein is located in southern Egypt, ca. 28km southwest from Luxor, and was subject of numerous archaeological works since 1885. Most of them were not published or their results were presented in very limited way.
Several extraordinary tombs were discovered at the Northern Necropolis of Gebelein. Worth mentioning is an Old Kingdom mastaba with burials made not only in its shafts, but also within its walls. The so called Tomb of Unknowns, that of the General Iti II and his wife Neferu, who was local priestess of Hathor, are well known, but their archaeological contexts were until now poorly known. There were also other tombs discovered at the site, which locations were forgotten. Thanks to the current study their locations were re-discovered and archaeological topography and history of the eastern part of the Northern Necropolis of Gebelein was reconstructed.
The cemetery was developing since the predynastic times (4th millennium BCE) and the latest burials are dated to the Greco-Roman Period (332 BCE – 395 AD). The necropolis presents the development of a significant, provincial burial ground of a local elite. An analysis of its history can contribute to the reconstruction of the history of the region. Worth to note features of the cemetery are Nubian influences on local funerary customs, Middle Kingdom tombs re-used during the 1st millennium BCE, and previously not mentioned in publications animal mummies discovered at the site.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 28/2, 215–237, 2019
Fieldwork in early 2019 by the Gebelein Archaeological Project encompassed surveys of two cemeter... more Fieldwork in early 2019 by the Gebelein Archaeological Project encompassed surveys of two cemeteries situated south of the ancient town of Per-Hathor/Pathyris in the area of the Eastern Mountain of Gebelein. One of these is dated to the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period, the other tentatively to Fatimid times. The third survey searched for local chert sources on the Western Mountain, investigating a local tradition of lithic tool production.
All periods of Egyptian history are represented at Gebelein and it encompasses many kinds of arch... more All periods of Egyptian history are represented at Gebelein and it encompasses many kinds of archaeological site found in the Nile valley (that is, cemeteries, settlements, fortifications, temples, rock quarries etc.). The area was a significant centre in the history of ancient Egypt, but its exact role and the reasons for its importance still awaits explanation. That is why the Gebelein Archaeological Project was initiated. The field survey of Gebelein, which started in 2014, aims to recognise the topography of the area and the degree of destruction of the sites and to locate archaeological remains as well as to determine their interpretation and dating. This report outlines the results of work conducted during seasons 2014, 2015 and 2016, which encompassed the archaeological and epigraphic field surveys, geophysical prospection as well as work conducted in the rock-cut chapel of Hathor.
Analysis of pottery is one of the best methods for the functional and chronological interpretatio... more Analysis of pottery is one of the best methods for the functional and chronological interpretation of archaeological sites. By applying Geographic Information System (GIS) onto Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), it has provided new opportunities in field prospection in the form of Comprehensive Field Survey (CFS). As a multidisciplinary approach, it offers good results in terms of data acquisition and proves to be an inexpensive and accurate solution for complex, non-invasive research.
The paper presents results of the analysis of the changes in the landscape in the central part of... more The paper presents results of the analysis of the changes in the landscape in the central part of Upper Egypt caused by the modern expansion of the agricultural and settlement areas. The case study are archaeological sites: Abbadiya, Hiu and el-Amra. History of the research, description of the sites and threats caused by contemporary development of settlements, agriculture and infrastructure has been presented. Archival as well as contemporary maps and satellite images were used to trace changes and threats to the archaeological heritage in the area.
Short description and preliminary interpretation of a rock-cut temple at Gebelein, till now unpub... more Short description and preliminary interpretation of a rock-cut temple at Gebelein, till now unpublished. Full presentation of the monument will by published by Daniel Takács. Let's hope sooner than later :)
A field reconnaissance in the region of Gebelein, Khozam and el-Rizeiqat in 2013 was aimed at obt... more A field reconnaissance in the region of Gebelein, Khozam and el-Rizeiqat in 2013 was aimed at obtaining information on site topography and state of preservation, even as it tested mobile GIS devices and remote sensing analysis to improve usage procedures in field prospection. Archival maps and satellite imaging were used to locate archaeological features, analyze changes of landscape and modern expansion of the cultivation zone from the natural alluvial plain into the low desert area.
The Gebelein archaeological site complex is located 28 km southwest of Luxor, on the western bank... more The Gebelein archaeological site complex is located 28 km southwest of Luxor, on the western bank of the Nile in the Qena Governorate in Egypt. Practically all kinds of archaeological sites known in Egypt are represented in the site complex, dating from the Paleolithic through the Islamic Period. Modern expansion of the cultivation zone and settlement development is threatening the survival of many of the sites, hence the project proposes to investigate the site complex with a new form of comprehensive field survey. The novelty of the method depends on combining the results of gathering, managing, storing, post-processing and interpreting different types of individual data from the field. The team has carried out a magnetic prospection of selected parts of the site and combined the results with an analysis of data coming from a number of other research and survey methods, including most recently an anthropological and ceramological survey.
would like to share our program, created on the basis of pedagogical principles for higher educat... more would like to share our program, created on the basis of pedagogical principles for higher education. Also we would like to show our experience in connecting GIS theory, methodology and work in the office with archaeological field survey. We explain to the students how to prepare themselves for such research, how to proceed and collect data in the field and digitize results of their work. Part of the program is to explain and perform statistical analysis and present it as proper, cartographic and digital maps. We would like to highlight problems connected with preparing exercises for different levels of students, with and without theoretical knowledge. Also we would like to point out problems connected to data copyrights that might occur just as well as problems of obtaining data form national sources.
The paper proposes a work flow before, during and after the archaeological field survey, with the... more The paper proposes a work flow before, during and after the archaeological field survey, with the use of mobile GIS technology, aimed at verifying the location of archaeological sites, documented in the 1980s and 1990s.
The first part characterized the field survey and of scientific and conservation assumptions of the program called the Polish Archaeological Record, which became the basis for a national register of archaeological sites and the current source of spatial data acquisition. The text specified also circumstances needed to carry out verification research. Further part described the steps of the research process, carried out with the use of traditional methods and based on the analogue records. Additionally, areas endangered by the risk of generating errors were highlighted.
The next part proposes work flow on the mobile devices with GIS, with a focus on the process of preparing materials for actions in the field - acquiring digital data from analogue maps. The text compares the possibilities and characteristics of GPS navigators, tablets and smartphones with Google applications and PDAs with GIS software as research tools for the verification of data obtained. Key features of selected devices and applications are summarized in the table.
The summary indicates the benefits of the new solutions during the field survey, significant changes in relation to traditional methods, and the postulate to take into account new technologies and adapt to
them the collected information about the resources of the archaeological heritage in the national conservation offices.
This paper presents the results of the combination of two imaging techniques – RTI and decorrelat... more This paper presents the results of the combination of two imaging techniques – RTI and decorrelation. Both techniques have been used during epigraphic survey of Gebelein in Egypt. The combination helped to discovered new graffiti, dipinti, and helped in understanding and examining of the already known ones.
This is a very generic presentation on the recent field works at Gebelein, which has been publish... more This is a very generic presentation on the recent field works at Gebelein, which has been published after the first season (2014). So far two more seasons (2015 and 2016) has been conducted, so the article is out of date but it gives an idea of direction of the research. Unfortunately, I cannot make the articles public for five years due to copyright reasons, but feel free to request the article.
Forum GIS UW. GIS na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Materiały pokonferencyjne z 5. i 6. Forum GIS na UW, 2019
Mobile GIS application on smartphones in archaeological field prospection
(there is a mistake i... more Mobile GIS application on smartphones in archaeological field prospection
(there is a mistake in pdf. English title should be: Mobile GIS application on smartphones in archaeological field prospection)
Nowadays, there are many GIS applications available for phone or tablet. Many but not all of these applications can have professional geodetic functions. Those apps allow collection of spatial data including archeological sites and other features of cultural heritage. However, what would happen if archaeologists decided to use these types of applications during their field prospection research? Would it change their process of creating and conducting prospections? If yes, how will its use influence traditional field prospection? Which element of this process will change due to new technology, and what archaeologist should look out for the most while using those new tools? It seems that mobile GIS apps might revolutionize surveying in archaeology, as a cheaper, easier and more flexible method to register archaeological remains. During the summer season of , two mobile GIS application were tested (Collector and Survey) at two archaeological sites located nearby Castillo de Huarmey, Peru. The applications were prepared for archeological survey by the author of this text, however, the field data collection was conducted by seven students from di ferent faculties and having di ferent experience. The goal of this article is to present the process of preparing the applications, field data collection and visuali-zation of the results. Słowa kluczowe: GIS, mobilny GIS, smartfon, archeologiczne badania powierzchniowe, survey , archeologia, Castillo de Huarmey, Peru
The analysis of contemporary and archival satellite images and archaeological documentations pres... more The analysis of contemporary and archival satellite images and archaeological documentations presents the possibility of monitoring the state of archaeological sites in the Near East (for example, Palmyra in Syria). As it will be demonstrated in the case of Upper Egyptian sites, the rapid growth of agricultural lands and settlements can pose a great threat to sites localized on the border of fields and the desert. As a case study, the Qena district was chosen, a region of significance for the history of ancient Egypt. To trace the expansion of agriculture and the development of modern settlements, a synthesis of archival maps (from the last 200 years), and archival and contemporary satellite images was created. By applying map algebra to these documents, it was possible to determine areas which may be marked as " Archaeological Hazard Zones ". The analysis helped to trace the expansion of agricultural areas during the last 200 years and the influence of both—ancient Egyptians and the Nile—on the local landscape.
Archaeological sites are mostly preserved through their field documentation: plans, sketches, pho... more Archaeological sites are mostly preserved through their field documentation: plans, sketches, photos, descriptions, etc.. Nowadays all this data can be gathered and analyzed in Geographic Information Systems. GIS allows to conduct spatial analysis and its results may give new information about sites. Through the example of three case studies I would like to present how powerful tool for conservation this could be and how broad scope it could have. Altdorf 'Am Friedhof', Germany, a Celtic settlement, was documented only as a paper documentation. With the use of Geographic Information System it was possible to analyse localization of artefacts and get information about new features. The project of documentation of the Gebelein site complex in Upper Egypt is focused on gathering different types of data from several kinds of sources. This jigsaw helps to reconstruct the progress of previous researches and to understand the complexity and history of Gebelein. During excavation in a mausoleum in El Castillo de Huarmey, Peru, “analog” paper documentation was replaced with nearly fully digital one. Only sketches of skeletons were based on ortophotographs. Obtained data was digitized, georeferenced and used for basic, statistical analysis and visual interpretation of the burial context. The presentation shows how a proper process of gathering, manipulating and analysing archival, field and digital data allows to expend our knowledge about the past, reconstruct the forgotten landscape and present results for society in a interesting and understandable way.
Mamy ogromną przyjemność oddać do rąk czytelnika długo oczekiwaną publikację prezentującą opracow... more Mamy ogromną przyjemność oddać do rąk czytelnika długo oczekiwaną publikację prezentującą opracowania użytkowników licencji SITE oprogramowania ArcGIS na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Wspólną i spójną tematyką niniejszego wydania jest wykorzystanie technik Systemów Informacji Przestrzennej (GIS) w różnych dziedzinach: zaczynając od nauk przyrodniczych i kończąc na cyfrowej humanistyce. Niniejsza publikacja, choć nieco w innej odsłonie, stanowi kontynuację pomysłu stworzenia forum wymiany informacji na UW prowadzącego do rozwoju i upowszechniania warsztatu badawczego wykorzystującego narzędzia GIS w różnych dziedzinach nauki. W zamyśle ma zachęcać do propagowania interdyscyplinarności projektów realizowanych na Uczelni. Pierwszy tom serii, pod redakcją Jerzego Lechnio, powstał w 2015 i nosił tytuł „GIS w UW. Pierwsze forum użytkowników licencji edukacyjnej SITE oprogramowania ArcGIS na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Materiały pokonferencyjne„. Stanowił bardzo ciekawą relację z postępów prac studentów i doktorantów, którzy wzięli udział w pierwszej ogólnouniwersyteckiej konferencji Forum Użytkowników Licencji SITE oprogramowania ArcGIS na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Konferencja ta, w założeniu jako impreza cykliczna, ostała zainicjowana przez Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych UW i odbyła się po raz pierwszy 6 lutego 2014 roku. Konwencję „Forum” zaproponował wówczas mgr Jerzy Lechnio i dr Maciej Lenartowicz Niniejsze wydanie zawiera owoce prac dwóch kolejnych edycji konferencji: drugiej zorganizowanej na Wydziale Geologii UW (w dniu 18 lutego 2015 roku), oraz trzeciej, która odbyła się w Instytucie Archeologii UW (10-12 grudnia 2015 roku). Sprawozdania z wspomnianych konferencji zostały włączone do niniejszego woluminu. Niniejsza publikacja zawiera przede wszystkim artykuły prezentujące wybrane i najciekawsze wystąpienia z dwóch kolejnych konferencji, a stąd zachowuje porządek chronologiczny, czyli podział na tom II i III. Wspomniane tomy obejmują ogółem dwanaście artykułów. Ich tematyka koncentruje się na takich zagadnieniach, jak: GIS w badaniach środowiskowych, zróżnicowanie tematyczne i rola danych przestrzennych w nauce i praktyce oraz komunikacji społecznej, analiza zdjęć satelitarnych i jej zastosowania, GIS w archeologii i humanistyce. Szerokie spektrum poruszanych tematów i różnorodność zastosowań technik GIS świadczą o dużych kompetencjach i potencjale absolwentów UW na rynku pracy. Artykuły poświęcone zastosowaniu metod i technik GIS w ocenie stanu środowiska poruszają problemy istotne z perspektywy Polski, jak i skali globu. Ich zanieczyszczenia wód podziemnych, ewapotranspiracji (parowanie z powierzchni gruntu), analiz przepuszczalność gruntu w miastach, problematyki globalnego ocieplenia, podatność lasów na uszkodzenia silnym wiatrem, czy też procesów urbanizacji. Przykłady wykorzystania analiz zdjęć satelitarnych obejmują zarówno analizy bazujące na zastosowaniach wysokiej rozdzielczości zobrazowań panchromatycznych CORONA, jak i multispektralnych z misji Landsat i Worldview-2. Ważnym zagadnieniem poruszanym przez autorów jest kwestia dostępności danych z zasobów publicznych, w tym Centralnej Bazy Danych Geologicznych, bazy otworów geologicznych PITAKA, Corine Land Cover i Urban Atlas. W wspomnianym nurcie mieści się prezentacja projektu udostępniania danych geograficznych w postaci Regionalizacji geomorfologicznej Karpat. W publikacji znajdziemy, również przykłady zastosowań technologii GIS w dokumentacji archeologicznej, które rozwijane są z powodzeniem w Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Prezentowane opracowania obejmują przede wszystkim wyniki prac magisterskich i licencjackich studentów i absolwentów oraz badań bardziej doświadczonych badaczy z UW. Dowodzą dobitnie, że na naszych oczach dokonuje się rewolucja za sprawą szerokiego i multidyscyplinarnego wykorzystania metod i technik GIS oraz danych przestrzennych, która wpływa na pomnażanie wiedzy o otaczającym świecie, a także rozwój nowych pól badawczych w dziedzinie humanistyki, czy dystrybucję informacji w dobie społeczeństwa informacyjnego. Rangę publikacji podnosi fakt, że wszystkie z prezentowanych artykułów podlegały recenzji naukowej i opracowaniu redakcyjnemu.
This volume reflects the most recent state of research on ancient Egypt presented and discussed a... more This volume reflects the most recent state of research on ancient Egypt presented and discussed at the international conference Current Research in Egyptology XVII, May 2016. Nine papers are arranged in chronological order covering the wide time span from the Predynastic till the Greco-Roman Period, with the remaining five considering more general thematic, theoretical, and cross-cultural topics. Papers re-examine the archives from early excavations of Predynastic tombs in the light of modern research; discuss various types of object from different periods; consider the roles of travelling artists, regional artistic schools styles, and the mobility of ancient high-skilled craftsmen. Thematic, theoretical, and cross-cultural papers consider the relation of gods, cosmic sacredness, and fertility beliefs; take a comparative approach to cultural identity extracted from narrative poetry of Greek and Egyptian origin; the inclusion of Egyptian musical elements incorporated into Greek traditions and the analysis of artifacts from the Egyptian collection of Zagreb, illustrating the range of information that essentially unprovenanced objects may have for future research.
Analysis of pottery is one of the best methods for the functional and chronological interpretatio... more Analysis of pottery is one of the best methods for the functional and chronological interpretation of archaeological sites. By applying Geographic Information System (GIS) onto Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), it has provided new opportunities in field prospection in the form of Comprehensive Field Survey (CFS). As a multidisciplinary approach, it offers good results in terms of data acquisition and proves to be an inexpensive and accurate solution for complex, non-invasive research.
The paper describes wall paintings from a church in the village Moutoullas on Cyprus and new disc... more The paper describes wall paintings from a church in the village Moutoullas on Cyprus and new discovered wall paintings in a church Saint Sophia, and cave Mar Elias in Sadnaya, Syria. Comparison between those two artistic styles could show that the island, ruled by French family Lusignan, had artistic interactions with Muslim Syria. In addition, the paper presents similarities between wall paintings in some village churches in the Lebanon, on the route between Cyprus and Damascus.
The island has always been located between two worlds, thought perfectly connecting inspirations from the west and the east. The best example was the Crusader period, when the Latin and the Byzantine culture coexisted together in an ideal symbiosis. Nevertheless, the influence of the 13th and the 14th century Cypriot art was not only limited to those cultures. It spread far from the Island, what was firstly shown by Doulas Mouriki. However, after her death, nobody continued these researches.
How was it possible that the Island controlled by the westerns monarchies had contacts with Muslim Syria, during the crusaders wars? Was it possible that people during that conflict, how similar to nowadays situations, freely traveled? Unfortunately there is not enough number of surveys on the Lebanon and Syria churches and comparisons studies on the Cyprus churches are hardly possible. The geopolitical situation, on the Island and in the Middle East, makes discussions, analyzes and presentations of dependence and close correlations between the Muslim and the Christian religions during 13th and 14th century, very hard. In the past people have been working together beyond conflicts, although nowadays international society impose the taboo, which stops knowledge of this region history.
Book of abstracts.
CAA session 25: Do we have a heading? Ah! A heading. Set sail in a... uh… for ... more Book of abstracts. CAA session 25: Do we have a heading? Ah! A heading. Set sail in a... uh… for Mobile GIS direction
Have you ever wondered if it is possible to create field documentation using only your mobile pho... more Have you ever wondered if it is possible to create field documentation using only your mobile phone? Can you imagine that you have just one tool to measure coordinates, take photos, create 3D models, plan your drone path and fill in the artefact database? Well, it seems that we are on the edge of a technological revolution: in the next few years, we are going to face a breakthrough in the GNSS technologies In April 2018, India successfully launched its eighth satellite (IRNSS-1I), Galileo should have reached its full capability soon. The first GPS 3 satellite will be sent to the orbit. This next generation satellite is thought to introduce a fourth GPS signal (L1C). As David A. Turner – Deputy Director Office of OES/SAT - has pointed out, one of the key topics discussed in the modernization of GPS is to “encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems”. There is already a response to this in the smartphone industry as well: The BCM4775X is stated to be the first GNSS chip designed for smartphones to provide dual L1 and L5 frequency. Moreover, Android 7 OS has been equipped with tools to measure the carrier phase, which is a major ingredient in differential GPS. This capability is not available in every type of smartphone yet, but it is possible that future non-professional hardware could have better performance in GNSS. We are facing changes in the professional hardware as well, as the current operating system used for most PDAs is being withdrawn from the market and replaced by others. GPS signals are going to change from codeless into a modernized civil-coded transmission, which is not going to be usable by all equipment currently used by archaeologists. A new era of modernized GNSS is approaching. We can face it when it is there in the 2020s or we can start preparing for it now. This is the question behind this session in which we will discuss both technical and methodological problems of field surveys which exists today and might occur tomorrow.
This session continues ongoing discussion of the changes that are happening in archaeological fie... more This session continues ongoing discussion of the changes that are happening in archaeological field prospection today, specifically further development of GNSS that helps to navigate in the landscape, and the possibility to bring your GIS into the field via Mobile GIS. During the session, we will continue prior discussion of the contemporary role of Mobile GIS in archaeological field prospection. The aim of the session is a critical discussion about new tools used in the field, supported by examples/case studies presented by the participants. This session will also incorporate a broader discussion of contemporary methodology of field surveying. We need to get to know and use past examples. We also need to establish a common approach to field survey method, which would allow our datasets to be comparable. Encouraged by new tools, applications, and a developing GPS precision, we believe that the introduction of Mobile GIS, and particularly applications available on smartphones, require a deeper reflection on good practice in field data collection. Since field surveying is deeply rooted in British archaeology and already has well-established guidelines on field data collection, this session aims to continue and enlarge the discussion. This session invites short 10 minute presentations, followed by 5-minute discussions. The session will conclude with a roundtable discussion about tools and methods we use in field prospection, how they have changed and are changing currently, influencing our methods before, during and after survey.
CAA 2018 Krakow call for papers; DEADLINE 10.10.2018
Have you ever wondered if it is possible to... more CAA 2018 Krakow call for papers; DEADLINE 10.10.2018
Have you ever wondered if it is possible to create field documentation using only your mobile phone? Can you imagine that you have just one tool to measure coordinates, take photos, create 3D models, plan your drone path and fill in the artefact database? Well, it seems that we are on the edge of a technological revolution: in the next few years, we are going to face a breakthrough in the GNSS technologies. In April 2018, India successfully launched its eighth satellite (IRNSS-1I), Galileo should have reached its full capability soon. The first GPS 3 satellite will be sent to the orbit. This next generation satellite is thought to introduce a fourth GPS signal (L1C). As David A. Turner – Deputy Director Office of OES/SAT-has pointed out, one of the key topics discussed in the modernization of GPS is to " encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems ". There is already a response to this in the smartphone industry as well: The BCM4775X is stated to be the first GNSS chip designed for smartphones to provide dual L1 and L5 frequency. Moreover, Android 7 OS has been equipped with tools to measure the carrier phase, which is a major ingredient in differential GPS. This capability is not available in every type of smartphone yet, but it is possible that future non-professional hardware could have better performance in GNSS. We are facing changes in the professional hardware as well, as the current operating system used for most PDAs is being withdrawn from the market and replaced by others. GPS signals are going to change from codeless into a modernized civil-coded transmission, which is not going to be usable by all equipment currently used by archaeologists. A new era of modernized GNSS is approaching. We can face it when it is there in the 2020s or we can start preparing for it now. This is the question behind this session in which we will discuss both technical and methodological problems of field surveys which exists today and might occur tomorrow.
The current trends in Geographic Information Systems hardware and applications suggest that Mobil... more The current trends in Geographic Information Systems hardware and applications suggest that Mobile GIS will be the main mapping tool for future surveying in different fields. Will it be also true for archaeology? Taking into account that the discipline has always followed technological trends, the answer is easy. We would like to discuss how the introduction of Geographic Information System and GNSS mobile applications available on gadgets of everyday use opened a new chapter in archaeological field survey techniques. The most valuable will be case studies and research projects. Thus, we would like to invite topics presenting not only possibilities, but also obstacles encountered during research. The goal of this session is to discuss not only problems which can occur in the field while working, but also to take a step back, and consider methodological approaches that are or should be used while using any type of device with any type of GIS application from a wide spectrum available nowadays. Encouraged by the success of last year's session " Mobile GIS and field survey – current possibilities, future needs " , we would like to continue the discussion on the topic of possibilities in mobile GIS use on the field. We kindly invite all papers exploring the broad question " what is beyond the horizon " of Mobile GIS. Where does it lead us? How does it influence the methodology and field survey strategies? Are there common technical problems and methodological issues and if yes – what kind of solutions are available, or to ask if we are simply trying to approach old problems for which new technology is not a solution?
Field survey became an important method in researching ancient
communities since A. Pitt Rivers. ... more Field survey became an important method in researching ancient communities since A. Pitt Rivers. Ever since, we are dealing with the constant increase of theoretical and technical aspects of the discipline. With time, field surveys were gradually augmented with technological innovations - aerial photography, remote sensing and non-invasive prospection. The direction of development in archaeological prospection techniques depended on environment, types of sites, ways of landscape modifications and the focus of research. However, significant progress occurred through 1970s and 1980s, when scholars noticed that the pace of investigation was too slow to catch up with the destruction. Rapid urban sprawl and intensified agriculture production lead to increasing destruction of sites and entire archaeological landscapes, which could be observed throughout the globe, with some cases more pronounced than others:, Malta, Athens (Greece), Tunis (Tunisia), Paphos (Cyprus), the Nile Delta and Valley in Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Peru and China. In many countries, archaeological heritage is constantly losing to economic growth in the competition for terrain and funding. Whereas in others, where heritage is a part of the economy, sites are looted for reasures. Another problem is the inaccessibility of the archaeological landscapes in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan, because they became areas of conflict. In fact, it is not possible to list all the issues, which disturb or damage the field research today. Thus we need adequate low budget strategies, which could facilitate catching up with the destruction in order to preserve, study and manage what is left. The introduction of Geographic Information System and GNSS mobile applications available on gadgets of everyday use opened a new chapter in field survey techniques. It is possible nowadays to remotely manage and to track changes in a site from behind a desk. As a result, destruction prevention, management of preservation and reconstruction of sites and their regional contexts are accessible not only to specialist but also to general public, which, of course, raises a lot of new questions. The session invites papers discussing case studies from around the world, using different work-flows, and managing different problems. We hope that sharing our field survey experience will help to exchange ideas and standardize survey strategies.
We're happy to announce the on-line registration system is now open. To take part in the conferen... more We're happy to announce the on-line registration system is now open. To take part in the conference you need to create a user account, register to the conference and make a payment (bursary holders register without fee, so hold until the competition results – around 14 th February).
Archaeological field surveys, even the most intensive and systematic ones, cannot be considered f... more Archaeological field surveys, even the most intensive and systematic ones, cannot be considered flawless methods of acquiring data. Archaeological landscapes’ state of preservation, surface collection methods and agenda, visibility and personal preferences can affect the final results. It is not simply just the registration of observations, but a process of continuous interpretation starting from where to survey, what to collect, and how.
Research conducted in the 1990s and early 2000s found increasing precision in mapping and in the resolution of surveys to be a solution to the most pressing problems in settlement pattern studies and landscape archaeology. Today, mapping precision does not seem to be a problem thanks to widely available portable GNSS equipment and specialized software dedicated to field data acquisition (Mobile GIS). Or is it? Reflection is needed on the technological advances of the past decades. What have archaeological studies gained thanks to these technological achievements, and what are the implications of new, higher resolution data for crucial topics in scientific debate, such as complex societies?
Currently, it is difficult to conduct field research because of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it is possible to step back and reflect on its theoretical and technical aspects of this methodology. The aim of this session is to continue the discussion of the changes that are happening in archaeological field prospection today, which we have been pursuing since CAA 2017 in Atlanta, through the Mobile GIS sessions.
This session invites papers discussing broad interpretive and methodological aspects of landscape archaeology, settlement pattern studies, field survey (micro and macro scale) and Mobile GIS, theoretical or technical papers, and case studies from around the world. When submitting please specify if you want to present a long (15 minutes) or short (10 minutes) paper.
This session will conclude with a roundtable discussion.
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Join papers by Julia M. Chyla
Gebelein is located in southern Egypt, ca. 28km southwest from Luxor, and was subject of numerous archaeological works since 1885. Most of them were not published or their results were presented in very limited way.
Several extraordinary tombs were discovered at the Northern Necropolis of Gebelein. Worth mentioning is an Old Kingdom mastaba with burials made not only in its shafts, but also within its walls. The so called Tomb of Unknowns, that of the General Iti II and his wife Neferu, who was local priestess of Hathor, are well known, but their archaeological contexts were until now poorly known. There were also other tombs discovered at the site, which locations were forgotten. Thanks to the current study their locations were re-discovered and archaeological topography and history of the eastern part of the Northern Necropolis of Gebelein was reconstructed.
The cemetery was developing since the predynastic times (4th millennium BCE) and the latest burials are dated to the Greco-Roman Period (332 BCE – 395 AD). The necropolis presents the development of a significant, provincial burial ground of a local elite. An analysis of its history can contribute to the reconstruction of the history of the region. Worth to note features of the cemetery are Nubian influences on local funerary customs, Middle Kingdom tombs re-used during the 1st millennium BCE, and previously not mentioned in publications animal mummies discovered at the site.
Modern expansion of the cultivation zone and settlement development is threatening the survival of many of the sites, hence the project proposes to investigate the site complex with a new form of comprehensive field survey.
The novelty of the method depends on combining the results of gathering, managing, storing, post-processing and interpreting different types of individual data from the field. The team has carried out a magnetic prospection of selected parts of the site and combined the
results with an analysis of data coming from a number of other research and survey methods, including most recently an anthropological and ceramological survey.
We would like to highlight problems connected with preparing exercises for different levels of students, with and without theoretical knowledge. Also we would like to point out problems connected to data copyrights that might occur just as well as problems of obtaining data form national sources.
The first part characterized the field survey and of scientific and conservation assumptions of the program called the Polish Archaeological Record, which became the basis for a national register of archaeological sites and the current source of spatial data acquisition. The text specified also circumstances needed to carry out verification research. Further part described the steps of the research process, carried out with the use of traditional methods and based on the analogue records. Additionally, areas endangered by the risk of generating errors were highlighted.
The next part proposes work flow on the mobile devices with GIS, with a focus on the process of preparing materials for actions in the field - acquiring digital data from analogue maps. The text compares the possibilities and characteristics of GPS navigators, tablets and smartphones with Google applications and PDAs with GIS software as research tools for the verification of data obtained. Key features of selected devices and applications are summarized in the table.
The summary indicates the benefits of the new solutions during the field survey, significant changes in relation to traditional methods, and the postulate to take into account new technologies and adapt to
them the collected information about the resources of the archaeological heritage in the national conservation offices.
Papers by Julia M. Chyla
(there is a mistake in pdf. English title should be: Mobile GIS application on smartphones in archaeological field prospection)
Nowadays, there are many GIS applications available for phone or tablet. Many but not all of these applications can have professional geodetic functions. Those apps allow collection of spatial data including archeological sites and other features of cultural heritage. However, what would happen if archaeologists decided to use these types of applications during their field prospection research? Would it change their process of creating and conducting prospections? If yes, how will its use influence traditional field prospection? Which element of this process will change due to new technology, and what archaeologist should look out for the most while using those new tools? It seems that mobile GIS apps might revolutionize surveying in archaeology, as a cheaper, easier and more flexible method to register archaeological remains. During the summer season of , two mobile GIS application were tested (Collector and Survey) at two archaeological sites located nearby Castillo de Huarmey, Peru. The applications were prepared for archeological survey by the author of this text, however, the field data collection was conducted by seven students from di ferent faculties and having di ferent experience. The goal of this article is to present the process of preparing the applications, field data collection and visuali-zation of the results. Słowa kluczowe: GIS, mobilny GIS, smartfon, archeologiczne badania powierzchniowe, survey , archeologia, Castillo de Huarmey, Peru
Altdorf 'Am Friedhof', Germany, a Celtic settlement, was documented only as a paper documentation. With the use of Geographic Information System it was possible to analyse localization of artefacts and get information about new features. The project of documentation of the Gebelein site complex in Upper Egypt is focused on gathering different types of data from several kinds of sources. This jigsaw helps to reconstruct the progress of previous researches and to understand the complexity and history of Gebelein. During excavation in a mausoleum in El Castillo de Huarmey, Peru, “analog” paper documentation was replaced with nearly fully digital one. Only sketches of skeletons were based on ortophotographs.
Obtained data was digitized, georeferenced and used for basic, statistical analysis and visual interpretation of the burial context.
The presentation shows how a proper process of gathering, manipulating and analysing archival, field and digital data allows to expend our knowledge about the past, reconstruct the forgotten landscape and present results for society in a interesting and understandable way.
Gebelein is located in southern Egypt, ca. 28km southwest from Luxor, and was subject of numerous archaeological works since 1885. Most of them were not published or their results were presented in very limited way.
Several extraordinary tombs were discovered at the Northern Necropolis of Gebelein. Worth mentioning is an Old Kingdom mastaba with burials made not only in its shafts, but also within its walls. The so called Tomb of Unknowns, that of the General Iti II and his wife Neferu, who was local priestess of Hathor, are well known, but their archaeological contexts were until now poorly known. There were also other tombs discovered at the site, which locations were forgotten. Thanks to the current study their locations were re-discovered and archaeological topography and history of the eastern part of the Northern Necropolis of Gebelein was reconstructed.
The cemetery was developing since the predynastic times (4th millennium BCE) and the latest burials are dated to the Greco-Roman Period (332 BCE – 395 AD). The necropolis presents the development of a significant, provincial burial ground of a local elite. An analysis of its history can contribute to the reconstruction of the history of the region. Worth to note features of the cemetery are Nubian influences on local funerary customs, Middle Kingdom tombs re-used during the 1st millennium BCE, and previously not mentioned in publications animal mummies discovered at the site.
Modern expansion of the cultivation zone and settlement development is threatening the survival of many of the sites, hence the project proposes to investigate the site complex with a new form of comprehensive field survey.
The novelty of the method depends on combining the results of gathering, managing, storing, post-processing and interpreting different types of individual data from the field. The team has carried out a magnetic prospection of selected parts of the site and combined the
results with an analysis of data coming from a number of other research and survey methods, including most recently an anthropological and ceramological survey.
We would like to highlight problems connected with preparing exercises for different levels of students, with and without theoretical knowledge. Also we would like to point out problems connected to data copyrights that might occur just as well as problems of obtaining data form national sources.
The first part characterized the field survey and of scientific and conservation assumptions of the program called the Polish Archaeological Record, which became the basis for a national register of archaeological sites and the current source of spatial data acquisition. The text specified also circumstances needed to carry out verification research. Further part described the steps of the research process, carried out with the use of traditional methods and based on the analogue records. Additionally, areas endangered by the risk of generating errors were highlighted.
The next part proposes work flow on the mobile devices with GIS, with a focus on the process of preparing materials for actions in the field - acquiring digital data from analogue maps. The text compares the possibilities and characteristics of GPS navigators, tablets and smartphones with Google applications and PDAs with GIS software as research tools for the verification of data obtained. Key features of selected devices and applications are summarized in the table.
The summary indicates the benefits of the new solutions during the field survey, significant changes in relation to traditional methods, and the postulate to take into account new technologies and adapt to
them the collected information about the resources of the archaeological heritage in the national conservation offices.
(there is a mistake in pdf. English title should be: Mobile GIS application on smartphones in archaeological field prospection)
Nowadays, there are many GIS applications available for phone or tablet. Many but not all of these applications can have professional geodetic functions. Those apps allow collection of spatial data including archeological sites and other features of cultural heritage. However, what would happen if archaeologists decided to use these types of applications during their field prospection research? Would it change their process of creating and conducting prospections? If yes, how will its use influence traditional field prospection? Which element of this process will change due to new technology, and what archaeologist should look out for the most while using those new tools? It seems that mobile GIS apps might revolutionize surveying in archaeology, as a cheaper, easier and more flexible method to register archaeological remains. During the summer season of , two mobile GIS application were tested (Collector and Survey) at two archaeological sites located nearby Castillo de Huarmey, Peru. The applications were prepared for archeological survey by the author of this text, however, the field data collection was conducted by seven students from di ferent faculties and having di ferent experience. The goal of this article is to present the process of preparing the applications, field data collection and visuali-zation of the results. Słowa kluczowe: GIS, mobilny GIS, smartfon, archeologiczne badania powierzchniowe, survey , archeologia, Castillo de Huarmey, Peru
Altdorf 'Am Friedhof', Germany, a Celtic settlement, was documented only as a paper documentation. With the use of Geographic Information System it was possible to analyse localization of artefacts and get information about new features. The project of documentation of the Gebelein site complex in Upper Egypt is focused on gathering different types of data from several kinds of sources. This jigsaw helps to reconstruct the progress of previous researches and to understand the complexity and history of Gebelein. During excavation in a mausoleum in El Castillo de Huarmey, Peru, “analog” paper documentation was replaced with nearly fully digital one. Only sketches of skeletons were based on ortophotographs.
Obtained data was digitized, georeferenced and used for basic, statistical analysis and visual interpretation of the burial context.
The presentation shows how a proper process of gathering, manipulating and analysing archival, field and digital data allows to expend our knowledge about the past, reconstruct the forgotten landscape and present results for society in a interesting and understandable way.
projektów realizowanych na Uczelni. Pierwszy tom serii, pod redakcją Jerzego Lechnio, powstał w 2015 i nosił tytuł „GIS w UW. Pierwsze forum użytkowników licencji edukacyjnej SITE oprogramowania ArcGIS na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Materiały pokonferencyjne„. Stanowił bardzo ciekawą relację z postępów prac studentów i doktorantów, którzy wzięli udział w pierwszej ogólnouniwersyteckiej konferencji Forum Użytkowników Licencji SITE oprogramowania ArcGIS na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. Konferencja ta, w założeniu jako impreza cykliczna, ostała zainicjowana przez Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych UW i odbyła się po raz pierwszy 6 lutego 2014 roku. Konwencję „Forum” zaproponował wówczas mgr Jerzy Lechnio i dr Maciej Lenartowicz
Niniejsze wydanie zawiera owoce prac dwóch kolejnych edycji konferencji: drugiej zorganizowanej na Wydziale Geologii UW (w dniu 18 lutego 2015 roku), oraz trzeciej, która odbyła się w Instytucie Archeologii UW (10-12 grudnia 2015 roku). Sprawozdania z wspomnianych konferencji zostały włączone do niniejszego woluminu. Niniejsza publikacja zawiera przede wszystkim artykuły prezentujące wybrane i najciekawsze wystąpienia z dwóch kolejnych konferencji, a stąd zachowuje porządek chronologiczny, czyli podział na tom II i III.
Wspomniane tomy obejmują ogółem dwanaście artykułów. Ich tematyka koncentruje się na takich zagadnieniach, jak: GIS w badaniach środowiskowych, zróżnicowanie tematyczne i rola danych przestrzennych w nauce i praktyce oraz komunikacji społecznej, analiza zdjęć satelitarnych i jej zastosowania, GIS w archeologii i humanistyce. Szerokie spektrum poruszanych tematów i różnorodność zastosowań technik GIS świadczą o dużych kompetencjach i potencjale absolwentów
UW na rynku pracy.
Artykuły poświęcone zastosowaniu metod i technik GIS w ocenie stanu środowiska poruszają problemy istotne z perspektywy Polski, jak i skali globu. Ich zanieczyszczenia wód podziemnych, ewapotranspiracji (parowanie z powierzchni gruntu), analiz przepuszczalność gruntu w miastach, problematyki globalnego ocieplenia, podatność lasów na uszkodzenia silnym wiatrem, czy też procesów urbanizacji.
Przykłady wykorzystania analiz zdjęć satelitarnych obejmują zarówno analizy bazujące na zastosowaniach wysokiej rozdzielczości zobrazowań panchromatycznych CORONA, jak i multispektralnych z misji Landsat i Worldview-2.
Ważnym zagadnieniem poruszanym przez autorów jest kwestia dostępności danych z zasobów publicznych, w tym Centralnej Bazy Danych Geologicznych, bazy otworów geologicznych PITAKA, Corine Land Cover i Urban Atlas. W wspomnianym nurcie mieści się prezentacja projektu udostępniania danych geograficznych w postaci Regionalizacji geomorfologicznej Karpat.
W publikacji znajdziemy, również przykłady zastosowań technologii GIS w dokumentacji archeologicznej, które rozwijane są z powodzeniem w Uniwersytecie Warszawskim.
Prezentowane opracowania obejmują przede wszystkim wyniki prac magisterskich i licencjackich studentów i absolwentów oraz badań bardziej doświadczonych badaczy z UW. Dowodzą dobitnie, że na naszych oczach dokonuje się rewolucja za sprawą szerokiego i multidyscyplinarnego wykorzystania metod i technik GIS oraz danych przestrzennych, która wpływa na pomnażanie wiedzy o otaczającym świecie, a także rozwój nowych pól badawczych w dziedzinie humanistyki, czy dystrybucję informacji w dobie społeczeństwa informacyjnego.
Rangę publikacji podnosi fakt, że wszystkie z prezentowanych artykułów podlegały recenzji naukowej i opracowaniu redakcyjnemu.
The island has always been located between two worlds, thought perfectly connecting inspirations from the west and the east. The best example was the Crusader period, when the Latin and the Byzantine culture coexisted together in an ideal symbiosis. Nevertheless, the influence of the 13th and the 14th century Cypriot art was not only limited to those cultures. It spread far from the Island, what was firstly shown by Doulas Mouriki. However, after her death, nobody continued these researches.
How was it possible that the Island controlled by the westerns monarchies had contacts with Muslim Syria, during the crusaders wars? Was it possible that people during that conflict, how similar to nowadays situations, freely traveled? Unfortunately there is not enough number of surveys on the Lebanon and Syria churches and comparisons studies on the Cyprus churches are hardly possible. The geopolitical situation, on the Island and in the Middle East, makes discussions, analyzes and presentations of dependence and close correlations between the Muslim and the Christian religions during 13th and 14th century, very hard. In the past people have been working together beyond conflicts, although nowadays international society impose the taboo, which stops knowledge of this region history.
CAA session 25: Do we have a heading? Ah! A heading. Set sail in a... uh… for Mobile GIS direction
Have you ever wondered if it is possible to create field documentation using only your mobile phone? Can you imagine that you have just one tool to measure coordinates, take photos, create 3D models, plan your drone path and fill in the artefact database? Well, it seems that we are on the edge of a technological revolution: in the next few years, we are going to face a breakthrough in the GNSS technologies. In April 2018, India successfully launched its eighth satellite (IRNSS-1I), Galileo should have reached its full capability soon. The first GPS 3 satellite will be sent to the orbit. This next generation satellite is thought to introduce a fourth GPS signal (L1C). As David A. Turner – Deputy Director Office of OES/SAT-has pointed out, one of the key topics discussed in the modernization of GPS is to " encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems ". There is already a response to this in the smartphone industry as well: The BCM4775X is stated to be the first GNSS chip designed for smartphones to provide dual L1 and L5 frequency. Moreover, Android 7 OS has been equipped with tools to measure the carrier phase, which is a major ingredient in differential GPS. This capability is not available in every type of smartphone yet, but it is possible that future non-professional hardware could have better performance in GNSS. We are facing changes in the professional hardware as well, as the current operating system used for most PDAs is being withdrawn from the market and replaced by others. GPS signals are going to change from codeless into a modernized civil-coded transmission, which is not going to be usable by all equipment currently used by archaeologists. A new era of modernized GNSS is approaching. We can face it when it is there in the 2020s or we can start preparing for it now. This is the question behind this session in which we will discuss both technical and methodological problems of field surveys which exists today and might occur tomorrow.
communities since A. Pitt Rivers. Ever since, we are dealing with the constant increase of theoretical and technical aspects of the discipline. With time, field surveys were gradually augmented with technological innovations - aerial photography, remote sensing and non-invasive prospection. The direction of development in archaeological prospection techniques depended on environment, types of sites, ways of landscape modifications and the focus of research. However, significant progress occurred through 1970s and 1980s, when scholars noticed that the pace of investigation was too slow to catch up with the destruction. Rapid urban sprawl and intensified agriculture production lead to increasing destruction of sites and entire archaeological landscapes, which could be observed throughout the globe, with some cases more pronounced than others:, Malta, Athens (Greece), Tunis (Tunisia), Paphos (Cyprus), the Nile Delta and Valley in Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Peru and China. In many countries, archaeological heritage is constantly losing to economic growth in the competition for terrain and funding. Whereas in others, where heritage is a part of the economy, sites are looted for reasures.
Another problem is the inaccessibility of the archaeological landscapes in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan, because they became areas of conflict. In fact, it is not possible to list all the issues, which disturb or damage the field research today. Thus we need adequate low budget strategies, which could facilitate catching up with the destruction in order to preserve, study and manage what is left. The introduction of Geographic Information System and GNSS mobile applications available on gadgets of everyday use opened a new chapter in field survey techniques. It is possible nowadays to remotely manage and to track changes in a site from behind a desk. As a result, destruction prevention, management of preservation and reconstruction of sites and their regional contexts are accessible not only to specialist but also to general public, which, of course, raises a lot of new questions. The session invites papers discussing case studies from around the world, using different work-flows, and managing different problems. We hope that sharing our field survey experience will help to exchange ideas and standardize survey strategies.
Research conducted in the 1990s and early 2000s found increasing precision in mapping and in the resolution of surveys to be a solution to the most pressing problems in settlement pattern studies and landscape archaeology. Today, mapping precision does not seem to be a problem thanks to widely available portable GNSS equipment and specialized software dedicated to field data acquisition (Mobile GIS). Or is it? Reflection is needed on the technological advances of the past decades. What have archaeological studies gained thanks to these technological achievements, and what are the implications of new, higher resolution data for crucial topics in scientific debate, such as complex societies?
Currently, it is difficult to conduct field research because of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it is possible to step back and reflect on its theoretical and technical aspects of this methodology. The aim of this session is to continue the discussion of the changes that are happening in archaeological field prospection today, which we have been pursuing since CAA 2017 in Atlanta, through the Mobile GIS sessions.
This session invites papers discussing broad interpretive and methodological aspects of landscape archaeology, settlement pattern studies, field survey (micro and macro scale) and Mobile GIS, theoretical or technical papers, and case studies from around the world. When submitting please specify if you want to present a long (15 minutes) or short (10 minutes) paper.
This session will conclude with a roundtable discussion.