Stijn Heeren
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Humanities, Department Member
- Material Culture, Late Roman Archaeology, Roman Settlement, Roman rural settlements, Brooches, Cemetery Studies, and 10 moreArchaeology, Archaeometallurgy, Roman Small Finds, Roman Limes, Roman Archaeology, Early Medieval Archaeology, Roman Pottery, Roman military archaeology, Roman military equipment, and Dress and identityedit
In opdracht van de gemeente Asten heeft RAAP van 14 mei tot en met 18 mei 2018 een archeologische opgraving uitgevoerd in plangebied Asten Loverbosch - Fase 2. In de loop van 2016 en 2017 werden hier door een detectoramateur 23 fragmenten... more
In opdracht van de gemeente Asten heeft RAAP van 14 mei tot en met 18 mei 2018 een archeologische opgraving uitgevoerd in plangebied Asten Loverbosch - Fase 2. In de loop van 2016 en 2017 werden hier door een detectoramateur 23 fragmenten van zilveren Romeinse munten gedetecteerd. Het voornaamste doel van het onderzoek was het veiligstellen van de wetenschappelijke informatie (behoud ex situ). De uitwerking vond plaats in samenwerking met PAN.
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In this paper the authors adress the finds from severa; excavations in Wijk bij Duurstede (NL) dating to the merovingian period. Most of the research done to the early mediëval trading port of Dorestad focus on the Carolingian period when... more
In this paper the authors adress the finds from severa; excavations in Wijk bij Duurstede (NL) dating to the merovingian period. Most of the research done to the early mediëval trading port of Dorestad focus on the Carolingian period when Dorestad was on the height of it's power. Although we must admit that certain parts of Dorestad were washed away by later riverine activity looking at the archaeological evidence of the merovingian period, this can be compared to other known sites in the Rhine area and does not seem of more importance. On the basis of this evidence the researchers state that the booming of Dorestad was rather a short period dating from the second half of the 8th century well into the 9th century.
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This paper discusses the Portable Antiquities of the Netherlands (PAN) scheme, which is a voluntary scheme to report metal-detected finds in the Netherlands. It provides an overview of the scheme as well as a typology of early medieval... more
This paper discusses the Portable Antiquities of the Netherlands (PAN) scheme, which is a voluntary scheme to report metal-detected finds in the Netherlands. It provides an overview of the scheme as well as a typology of early medieval brooch types and preliminary interpretation of their distribution across the Dutch landscape.
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English review of a large volume concerning Late Roman burials in the surroundings of Cologne
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In 2016, a Late Roman gold neck ring with inscription was found in Veere, part of the former island of Walcheren. The inscription reads VICTORINVSFVIMB and is interpreted as »made by Victorinus, weighing 6 ounce, ordered (or controlled)... more
In 2016, a Late Roman gold neck ring with inscription was found in Veere, part of the former island of Walcheren. The inscription reads VICTORINVSFVIMB and is interpreted as »made by Victorinus, weighing 6 ounce, ordered (or controlled) by MB«, which might mean Ministrator Barbaricariae, the master of the workshop where barbarian gift items (gold and silver jewellery and vessels) and / or weapons were made. The object is dated to the first half of the 4th century, based on stylistic parallels and comparable inscriptions on other artefacts, as well as on the alloy composition, which resembles monetary gold of the period 220-346. Data on the composition of the object results from pXRF measurement of the neck ring and 25 gold coins as a comparison. The discovery of the neck ring draws our attention to Late Roman activity at the Zeeland coast, which was unclear until now, but ties in with scanty evidence gathered before.
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Der Begriff „Limesfall“ bezeichnet die Zerstorung des Obergermanisch-Raetischen Limes durch einfallende Barbaren um 260 oder 275. Viele Objekttypen wurden entweder in die Periode vor oder nach diesem „Limesfall“ datiert, was die... more
Der Begriff „Limesfall“ bezeichnet die Zerstorung des Obergermanisch-Raetischen Limes durch einfallende Barbaren um 260 oder 275. Viele Objekttypen wurden entweder in die Periode vor oder nach diesem „Limesfall“ datiert, was die grundlegende Chronologie der provinzialromischen Archaologie mitbestimmte. Jedoch zeigen numismatische Studien, dass die Versorgung mit Munzen in dieser Zeit allgemein gering und unregelmasig war. Deshalb bedeuten endende Munzlisten nicht zwangslaufig die Aufgabe von Orten. Zerstorungsschichten fehlen am Niederrheinischen Limes und die Theorie des „Limesfalls“ kann hier nicht angewandt werden. Entlang des Obergermanisch-Raetischen Limes mag der „Limesfall“ eine Tatsache gewesen sein, aber im Gegensatz zu fruheren Annahmen wurden Kastelle wiederbelegt, da spatromische Funde uberliefert sind. Dies bedeutet, dass die Zeitspanne des Niederbieber-Horizonts ausgeweitet werden muss. Viele Fundorte wurden moglicherweise falsch datiert.
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In the northern frontier region of the Roman Empire and Germania Magna, grey to black wheel-thrown pottery is frequently encountered on sites belonging to the Late Roman period (4th and 5th century AD). Despite the commonality of the... more
In the northern frontier region of the Roman Empire and Germania Magna, grey to black wheel-thrown pottery is frequently encountered on sites belonging to the Late Roman period (4th and 5th century AD). Despite the commonality of the foot-vessels of this Late Roman terra nigra group, not much is known about their production, consumption or sociocultural significance. After a brief overview of the research history, this study presents the first interregional and comprehensive characterisation on these ceramics by focussing on the similarities in fabrics, chemical and mineralogical properties of the Chenet 342 and Gellep 273/274 type foot-vessels from Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. The combination of portable XRF and ceramic petrography demonstrated the existence of at least two distinct major production areas in Westphalia and the Dutch-Belgian region, alongside numerous smaller production workshops. Because of the interregional scale of this study, new ideas are proposed cons...
Research Interests: Archaeology, Archaeological Science, Late Antique Archaeology, Late Antiquity, Roman Pottery, and 15 moreX-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy, Late Roman Empire, Ceramics (Archaeology), Late Roman Archaeology, Late Roman Pottery, Roman Gaul, Ceramic Petrography, Gallo-roman archaeology, Roman ceramics, Late Roman and Early Byzantine Pottery, Barbarians and Romans in Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages, Céramique Gallo-Romaine, Roman Archaeology, Ceramic Analysis Archaeology, and Pottery Archaeology
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This volume explores the final phase of the West Roman Empire, particularly the changing interactions between the imperial authority and external 'barbarian' groups in the northwest frontiers of the empire during the fourth and... more
This volume explores the final phase of the West Roman Empire, particularly the changing interactions between the imperial authority and external 'barbarian' groups in the northwest frontiers of the empire during the fourth and fifth centuries. The contributions present valuable overviews of recent archaeological research combined with innovative theoretical discussions. Key topics include the movement of precious metals, trajectories of imperial power, the archaeology of migration, and material culture in relation to debates about ethnicity.
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In his paper ‘Quantitative analysis of open-source data on metal detecting for cultural property’, Samuel Hardy suggested that permissive policy is ineffective in minimizing the damage done to cultural heritage by non-professional metal... more
In his paper ‘Quantitative analysis of open-source data on metal detecting for cultural property’, Samuel Hardy suggested that permissive policy is ineffective in minimizing the damage done to cultural heritage by non-professional metal detecting. This response paper contests the basic assumptions upon which this analysis is based. While Hardy‘s comparative, quantitative approach is laudable, it is founded in a biased and simplistic outlook on the metal detecting phenomenon.
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Bronze Age artefacts in PAN: numbers and contexts Amongst the over fifty-thousand finds registered, 113 Bronze Age bronze items have been documented. After weeding out a few cases that were attributed to the Bronze Age erroneously or... more
Bronze Age artefacts in PAN: numbers and contexts Amongst the over fifty-thousand finds registered, 113 Bronze Age bronze items have been documented. After weeding out a few cases that were attributed to the Bronze Age erroneously or whose date range was too wide, a total of 93 items is discussed here.
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Nach der Entdeckung von Goldmunzen in einem Acker bei Echt wurde eine Ausgrabung durchgefuhrt, die den kompletten Hortfund und seinen archaologischen Kontext dokumentieren konnte. Der Hort besteht aus zwolf goldenen Solidi, einem... more
Nach der Entdeckung von Goldmunzen in einem Acker bei Echt wurde eine Ausgrabung durchgefuhrt, die den kompletten Hortfund und seinen archaologischen Kontext dokumentieren konnte. Der Hort besteht aus zwolf goldenen Solidi, einem Goldring, einem Silberbarren und zehn Stucken Hacksilber. Eines davon stammt von einer hinsichtlich ihrer Grose und Qualitat exzeptionellen Silberplatte. Der Hort war in einer isoliert gelegenen Grube ohne nachweisbares Behaltnis deponiert worden. Vergleichbare Schatzfunde begegnen in einer bemerkenswerten Konzentration entlang des Niederrheins und der benachbarten Gebiete Belgiens, der Niederlande und Nordwestdeutschlands. Die uberwiegende Anzahl datiert in das fruhe 5. Jahrhundert und ist mit einer Epoche der Auflosung der romischen Herrschaft in dieser Region verbunden, als germanische Foderaten vom Usurpator und spateren Mitkaiser Konstantin III. (407-411) dafur bezahlt wurden, die Rheingrenze zu bewachen.
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Dutch-language basic report of the archaeological fieldwork following the discovery of the Lienden gold hoard dating to the 5th century AD. An English-language journal article from AK is also available. This Dutch report contains more... more
Dutch-language basic report of the archaeological fieldwork following the discovery of the Lienden gold hoard dating to the 5th century AD. An English-language journal article from AK is also available. This Dutch report contains more details.
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When large numbers of objects of a uniform typology are present in the archaeological record and can be analysed using appropriate XRF techniques, a major research opportunity presents itself. One avenue of investigation addresses the... more
When large numbers of objects of a uniform typology are present in the archaeological record and can be analysed using appropriate XRF techniques, a major research opportunity presents itself. One avenue of investigation addresses the following question; what kind of organisation was required to produce and distribute large quantities of these items, to an agreed standard, across a large geographic area? For example, were objects produced in a single, regional or even super regional production centre? Then distributed widely along familiar trade routes? Or were they made in many dispersed local workshops that copied and distributed new designs as required, to satisfy local demand? A regularly associated question is whether raw materials involved in production were sourced from widely dispersed locations, or from single supply centres, such as the long established mining areas of Cornwall in England or the Ardennes in Belgium.
A number of objectives were achieved by our research. Firstly, the metal composition of pre-conquest Iron Age brooches was established in order to provide a comparison for Roman period production. Secondly, it was established that alloys used for Roman military types, like the Aucissa series, were considerably different from late Iron Age alloys, and that by comparison to other studies abroad can be considered homogeneous over large areas. This composition therefore can be considered to be a real ‘Roman’ alloy. Then thirdly, sufficient numbers of brooches were measured and of enough different types so that differences in alloy ratios could be compared. Having achieved the above, it was possible to discuss the level of compositional control for the different brooch types. The results gathered from across the Netherlands could be compared meaningfully to published results from other regions, allowing concepts to be formed regarding the organisation of production and also the distribution of finished items.
A number of objectives were achieved by our research. Firstly, the metal composition of pre-conquest Iron Age brooches was established in order to provide a comparison for Roman period production. Secondly, it was established that alloys used for Roman military types, like the Aucissa series, were considerably different from late Iron Age alloys, and that by comparison to other studies abroad can be considered homogeneous over large areas. This composition therefore can be considered to be a real ‘Roman’ alloy. Then thirdly, sufficient numbers of brooches were measured and of enough different types so that differences in alloy ratios could be compared. Having achieved the above, it was possible to discuss the level of compositional control for the different brooch types. The results gathered from across the Netherlands could be compared meaningfully to published results from other regions, allowing concepts to be formed regarding the organisation of production and also the distribution of finished items.
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The result of a nine year study of brooch collections in Dutch museums, excavation reports and private collections of detectorists (a dataset of more than 20,000 brooches), is now in print. A list of all forms and types of brooches... more
The result of a nine year study of brooch collections in Dutch museums, excavation reports and private collections of detectorists (a dataset of more than 20,000 brooches), is now in print. A list of all forms and types of brooches found in the Netherlands and neighboring areas (northern Belgium and parts of Germany) are presented, from prehistoric to medieval times. The first part of this book is descriptive: 90 types and hundreds of sub-types and variants with description, drawings, date and possibly the origin and dissemination are presented. The second part of this study includes an innovative analysis of the archaeological finds. Brooch types are followed by production and distribution to deposition and recycling. The metal composition of many types of fibulae is measured, on the basis of which new insights have been obtained in production. Also complete collections of brooches, for example Roman army camps are compared with those of urban and rural sites, and grave finds with settlement material. The large quantities of brooches in Northwestern Europe are compared to the scarce finds that are known from the Mediterranean area.
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"Driessen, M., Heeren, S., Hendriks, J., Kemmers, F. & Visser, R. (eds.), 2009: TRAC 2008: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Amsterdam 2008, Oxford. ISBN-13: 978-1-84217-351-0 ISBN-10:... more
"Driessen, M., Heeren, S., Hendriks, J., Kemmers, F. & Visser, R. (eds.), 2009: TRAC 2008: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Amsterdam 2008, Oxford.
ISBN-13: 978-1-84217-351-0
ISBN-10: 1-84217-351-0
Table of Contents
Preface
Forced labour, mines, and space: exploring the control of mining communities (Hannah Friedman)
Feeling like home: Romanised rural landscape from a Gallo-Roman point of view (Cecilia Courbot-Dewerdt)
Centrality in its place: Defining urban space in the city of Rome (David J. Newsome)
Finding your way in the Subura (Simon Malmberg)
Amateur metal detector finds and Romano-British settlement: A methodological case study from Wiltshire (Tom Brindle)
Meat consumption in Roman Britain: The evidence from stable isotopes (Colleen Cummings)
Barley and horsesL Surplus and demand in the civitas Batavorum (Ivo Vossen and Maaike Groot)
The way to a Roman soldier's heart: A post-medieval model for cattle droving to the Hadrian's Wall area (Sue Stallibrass)
Creating a community: The symbolic role of tumuli in the villa landscape of the civitas Tungrorum (Laura Crowley)
'Montani atque agrestes' or women of substance? Dichotomies of gender and role in ancient Samnium (Amy Richardson)
Native ServiceL 'Batavian' pottery in 'Roman' military context (Eef Stoffels)
The natural will: Community in Roman archaeology (Robert Wanner)
The social world of Roman fullonicae (Miko Flohr)
The dichotomy in Romano-Celtic syncretism: Some preliminary thoughts on vernacular religion (D. Martin Goldberg)"
ISBN-13: 978-1-84217-351-0
ISBN-10: 1-84217-351-0
Table of Contents
Preface
Forced labour, mines, and space: exploring the control of mining communities (Hannah Friedman)
Feeling like home: Romanised rural landscape from a Gallo-Roman point of view (Cecilia Courbot-Dewerdt)
Centrality in its place: Defining urban space in the city of Rome (David J. Newsome)
Finding your way in the Subura (Simon Malmberg)
Amateur metal detector finds and Romano-British settlement: A methodological case study from Wiltshire (Tom Brindle)
Meat consumption in Roman Britain: The evidence from stable isotopes (Colleen Cummings)
Barley and horsesL Surplus and demand in the civitas Batavorum (Ivo Vossen and Maaike Groot)
The way to a Roman soldier's heart: A post-medieval model for cattle droving to the Hadrian's Wall area (Sue Stallibrass)
Creating a community: The symbolic role of tumuli in the villa landscape of the civitas Tungrorum (Laura Crowley)
'Montani atque agrestes' or women of substance? Dichotomies of gender and role in ancient Samnium (Amy Richardson)
Native ServiceL 'Batavian' pottery in 'Roman' military context (Eef Stoffels)
The natural will: Community in Roman archaeology (Robert Wanner)
The social world of Roman fullonicae (Miko Flohr)
The dichotomy in Romano-Celtic syncretism: Some preliminary thoughts on vernacular religion (D. Martin Goldberg)"
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Booklet (in Dutch) on brooches of c.1000 BC-1000 AD in the National Museum of Antiquities at Leiden, with short essays on the types, uses and depictions of brooches. The booklet accompanied the small exhibition 'Fibula's' in the National... more
Booklet (in Dutch) on brooches of c.1000 BC-1000 AD in the National Museum of Antiquities at Leiden, with short essays on the types, uses and depictions of brooches. The booklet accompanied the small exhibition 'Fibula's' in the National Museum of Antqiquities, January 2017-June 2018.
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Bibliography, articles, book reviews, exhibition and colloquium announcement. Program and abstracts of London colloquium : Hoarding and deposition in Europe ... 12-14 june 2019. To order : 15 € (for 1 issue). Becoming a member : 30... more
Bibliography, articles, book reviews, exhibition and colloquium announcement.
Program and abstracts of London colloquium : Hoarding and deposition in Europe ... 12-14 june 2019.
To order : 15 € (for 1 issue).
Becoming a member : 30 € / 1 year = 2 issues ; or 90 € / 4 years (one offered) : 8 issues.
Contact Isabelle Bertrand : instrumentum@free.fr
Program and abstracts of London colloquium : Hoarding and deposition in Europe ... 12-14 june 2019.
To order : 15 € (for 1 issue).
Becoming a member : 30 € / 1 year = 2 issues ; or 90 € / 4 years (one offered) : 8 issues.
Contact Isabelle Bertrand : instrumentum@free.fr
Research Interests: Modern archaeology, Hoard finds, Roman Small Finds, Early Iron Age, Late Iron Age, Roman period, Late Antiquity, typology, chronology, distribution, function, fibulae, weapons, tools, harness, metal vessels, writing equipment, balances and weights, small finds, Medieval and Early Modern Archaeology, and 2 moreRoman Archaeology and Hoards and Ritual Deposits
A hoard of 65 coins, found on the shore of the Dutch isle of Ameland, linked to the Baltic trade
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In opdracht van de gemeente Asten heeft RAAP van 14 mei tot en met 18 mei 2018 een archeologische opgraving uitgevoerd in plangebied Asten Loverbosch - Fase 2. In de loop van 2016 en 2017 werden hier door een detectoramateur 23 fragmenten... more
In opdracht van de gemeente Asten heeft RAAP van 14 mei tot en met 18 mei 2018 een archeologische opgraving uitgevoerd in plangebied Asten Loverbosch - Fase 2. In de loop van 2016 en 2017 werden hier door een detectoramateur 23 fragmenten van zilveren Romeinse munten gedetecteerd.
Het voornaamste doel van het onderzoek was het veiligstellen van de wetenschappelijke informatie (behoud ex situ). De uitwerking vond plaats in samenwerking met PAN.
Het voornaamste doel van het onderzoek was het veiligstellen van de wetenschappelijke informatie (behoud ex situ). De uitwerking vond plaats in samenwerking met PAN.