Objective: To determine the aetiology, prevalence and types of oro-facial injuries in a sports festival in Nigeria Materials and Methods: A data form was designed to collect among others, information on age, gender, state of origin,... more
Objective: To determine the aetiology, prevalence and types of oro-facial injuries in a sports festival in Nigeria Materials and Methods: A data form was designed to collect among others, information on age, gender, state of origin, sporting event and types of injury. All consecutive patients who sustained oro-facial sports- related injuries that reported at the medical centres at the stadium were studied. Results: There were 319 sports – related injuries. Of these, 14.1% were oro-facial injuries. More injuries (80%) were sustained as result of body contact. Karate was responsible for the highest number of oro-facial injuries 60%, with 40% and 20% of the injuries in males and females respectively. Athletes in the age range of 21 – 30 years sustained more oro-facial injuries than any other age group. Laceration (91.5%) was the commonest injury sustained. Athletes of Edo State origin sustained more injuries than athletes form other states, but athletes from Yobe State sustained more i...
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Introduction This study was designed to analyse the treatment outcome of traumatized anterior teeth with delayed presentation among adult patients. Method A longitudinal study carried out among adult patients with traumatized anterior... more
Introduction This study was designed to analyse the treatment outcome of traumatized anterior teeth with delayed presentation among adult patients. Method A longitudinal study carried out among adult patients with traumatized anterior teeth. Data was obtained by means of a pre-tested questionnaire consisting of history taking, clinical examination and record of treatment. Data collected was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science 21.0. Results Out of 163 patients who sought treatment for traumatized anterior teeth, 102 presented a month or more after the traumatic incident giving a prevalence rate of 62.3% for delayed presentation. The main reason for seeking treatment was disfigured teeth. More than half (57.8%) of the participants presented with one or more complications. Evaluation revealed that 3 (2.7%) of the participants had failed restoration at 1-month recall and this was statistically significant. Conclusion Delayed treatment has an implication on the type...
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The permanent maxillary central incisors are critical to dento-facial aesthetics in humans. Their restoration in the event of periapical infection or traumatic injury to the pulp requires an accurate determination of the root canal... more
The permanent maxillary central incisors are critical to dento-facial aesthetics in humans. Their restoration in the event of periapical infection or traumatic injury to the pulp requires an accurate determination of the root canal working length; an important outcome predictor in endodontic treatments. To determine the standard working length of permanent maxillary central incisor in a Nigerian population. This study was carried out between March 2008 and June 2010. The study involved Nigerian patients of both gender, receiving endodontic treatment of the permanent maxillary central incisor. The study participants were selected based on a predetermined exclusion and inclusion criteria. The working lengths of the patient's teeth were determined using the radiographic method and Electronic apex locator. The average working length of the permanent maxillary central incisor of the patient's was 25.0 ± 1.7 mm while the values in males and females were 25.4 ± 1.2mm and 24.4 ± 2.2...
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Background Several controversies exist about the methods of harvesting and eventual utilization of stem cells in Medicine and Dentistry. The objective of the study was to investigate the awareness, attitude and knowledge of the use of... more
Background Several controversies exist about the methods of harvesting and eventual utilization of stem cells in Medicine and Dentistry. The objective of the study was to investigate the awareness, attitude and knowledge of the use of stem cells in Dentistry among Nigerian Dentists. Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among dentists selected from both private and public health sectors, in some of the major cities in Nigeria. Results The majority of the participants were ≤35 years in age, male, Pentecostal Christians, possessed a postgraduate qualification, had practiced for ≤5 years and were specialists or specializing. In this study, 153(81.0%) of the participants reported awareness about the use of stem cells in dentistry which was significantly associated with qualification and type of practice. Most of the respondents 114 (60.3%) had a poor knowledge of the use of stem cells in Dentistry. This was significantly associated with type of practice and aware...
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ABSTRACT There are psychiatric disorders in dentistry, which because of lack of recognition have not been well documented. Some of the disorders pose management difficulties to the dentist because he is not trained to recognise them. For... more
ABSTRACT There are psychiatric disorders in dentistry, which because of lack of recognition have not been well documented. Some of the disorders pose management difficulties to the dentist because he is not trained to recognise them. For instance disorders that have psychological or multifactorial aetiology, which tend to characterise mental illness are not well treated. Pain is the commonest reason for the patient to visit the dentist. If the pain is non-organic, the diagnosis and management pose a problem to the dentist. Most pains that arise from psychological illness exist in association with personality and neurotic disorders. These disorders include dentophobia, stress, bruxism and more severe conditions associated with behavioural problems or dysfunctions. The dentist ought to be trained in rudimentary Psychiatry to be able to recognise and determine when psychiatric referral is necessary. We therefore, advocate the teaching of Psychiatry to dental students, which would focus predominantly on their needs.
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Objective: An increase in dental awareness and need to maintain good oral health, in a growing population will necessitate an increased demand for root canal treatment (endodontic treatment). In emerging economies like Nigeria, the trend... more
Objective: An increase in dental awareness and need to maintain good oral health, in a growing population will necessitate an increased demand for root canal treatment (endodontic treatment). In emerging economies like Nigeria, the trend appears similar to what obtains in more developed economies where patients are keen on retaining their teeth. The objective was to determine the reasons for endodontic treatment and pattern of demand for treatment among adult patients attending the Endodontic unit of a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria.Methods: A retrospective review of all clinical records of adult patients who attended the Endodontic unit of the Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) Edo State, Nigeria from January 2012 to December 2014 for root canal treatment (RCT). The demographic and clinical data were retrieved from the patients' records and analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: A total of 485 patients, comprising 226(46.6%...
Objective: The anatomical features of teeth show wide morphological variations. These variations include coronal and radicular aberrations. They are thought to be influenced by age, gender, race and evaluation methods. Therefore, an... more
Objective: The anatomical features of teeth show wide morphological variations. These variations include coronal and radicular aberrations. They are thought to be influenced by age, gender, race and evaluation methods. Therefore, an in-depth knowledge of both normal and unusual dental morphology is vital in the practice of endodontics. The objective of the study was to investigate the incidence of aberrant root anatomy in endodontically treated teeth among adult patients attending the Endodontic unit of a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective review of all clinical records of adult patients who attended the Endodontic unit of the Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) Edo State, Nigeria from January 2013 to January 2018 for root canal treatment (RCT). The demographic and clinical data were retrieved from the patients’ records and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 927 patients, comprising445 (4...
Aim: This study aims to examine the Nigerian dental students′ permissive tendency to the proposed organized incorporation of stem cells application into undergraduate and postgraduate dental curriculum. Materials and Methods: This... more
Aim: This study aims to examine the Nigerian dental students′ permissive tendency to the proposed organized incorporation of stem cells application into undergraduate and postgraduate dental curriculum. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study of Nigerian final year dental students was conducted between April and June 2014 using the modified Sede et al. questionnaire on stem cell use in dentistry knowledge and attitude questionnaire as the data collection tool. Results: Of the 110 participants, 63.6% reported awareness of stem cell use in dentistry with their leading information sources as school lecture and internet. Subjective and objective stem cell knowledge assessment revealed inadequate knowledge among the majority of the participants. Subjective knowledge emerged as the significant determinant of objective stem cell knowledge. About a third (32.7%) of the participants reported a positive attitude toward stem cell application and objective stem cell knowledge was the only significant determinant of attitude. The majority (82.7%) of the participants reported a positive permissive tendency to the proposed organized incorporation of stem cells application into undergraduate, and postgraduate dental curriculum and attitude toward stem cell emerged as the only significant determinant. Conclusion: High positive permissive tendency to the proposed organized incorporation of stem cell application into undergraduate and postgraduate dental curriculum was noted among the participants. Increasing stem cell knowledge will improve attitude toward stem cell use which will ultimately increase positive permissive tendency.
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Objective: Shade selection is crucial in satisfying aesthetic demands of patients during cosmetic dental treatment. It is important to nurture and evaluate this act in students as future dental professionals. This study aimed to evaluate... more
Objective: Shade selection is crucial in satisfying aesthetic demands of patients during cosmetic dental treatment. It is important to nurture and evaluate this act in students as future dental professionals. This study aimed to evaluate the understanding and practice of tooth shade matching amongst dental students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in South-Western Nigeria. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was given to clinical dental students to garner information on socio-demographics, knowledge and practice of shade selection. The resulting data were statistically tested using chi-square with p-value ? 0.05 indicating significant level. Results: There was 76.5% response rate to the questionnaires with the male subjects accounting for 52.3%. The mean age of participants was 24.2 ± 2.4 years. Majority (40.9%) did not know the ideal time required for shade selection. Most (57.9%) students used visual/manual method in shade selection but 63.6%...
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The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and pattern of traumatic dental injury (TDI) among adults presenting in a tertiary health care facility in Nigeria, the time interval between injury and presentation in the... more
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and pattern of traumatic dental injury (TDI) among adults presenting in a tertiary health care facility in Nigeria, the time interval between injury and presentation in the hospital, the reasons for seeking treatment, and the complications arising due to late presentation. Information obtained from history taking and clinical examination included Patient's demographics, the when, where, and how of the injury, previous history of trauma, time elapsed between injury and presentation at the hospital, reason for seeking treatment, tooth/teeth involved, sensibility, tenderness to percussion, mobility, presence of discolouration, swelling, sinus tract, and mobility. Radiographic findings such as periapical radiolucency, pulp canal obliteration, and root resorption were also documented. TDI was classified using the Andreasen's classification. Out of the 2645 adult patients that attended the outpatient clinic, 184 Presented with TDI giving a prevalence of 6.96 %. Their age range and mean age were 17-69 years and 30.6 ± 11.2 years respectively. Falls accounted for most (26.4 %) of the trauma to anterior teeth followed by motor cycle accidents (18.4 %) and domestic accidents (12.9 %), while opening bottle cork accounted for 1.2 %. The most common type of injury was enamel-dentine fracture accounting for 28.8 %, followed by complicated crown fracture 18.6 %, and avulsion 11.7 %. The maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected followed by the maxillary lateral incisors and canines. More than half (51.5 %) of the patients presented in the hospital more than 1 year after injury. Majority of patients in the age groups ≤20 and 51-60 sought treatment because of pain, while more of those in the age groups 21-30 and 31-40 sought treatment because of aesthetic considerations. Seventy three (45.3 %) of the patients presented with complications involving 138 teeth. Majority of the complications were in teeth with enamel-dentine fracture (93.4 %), followed by concussion injury (55.6 %). The prevalence of TDI in this study falls within previously reported figures. However, the high number of teeth developing complications may have resulted from late presentation for care.
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of 35% Carbamide peroxide (CP) and Sodium perborate (SP) as intracoronal bleaching agents in discoloured non-vital teeth. This prospective study was done at the... more
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of 35% Carbamide peroxide (CP) and Sodium perborate (SP) as intracoronal bleaching agents in discoloured non-vital teeth. This prospective study was done at the Restorative Dentistry Department, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Seventy-six patients, each with a discoloured non-vital tooth were matched for shade and randomized into two groups and bleached with 35% CP and SP respectively. The teeth were bleached and evaluated at 5-day intervals. The shades of the bleached teeth were determined using the Vitapan classical shade guide® (Zahn Fabrick, Bad Sackingen, Germany). At baseline, 46 (60.5%) teeth had the darkest shade 16(C4) while 2 (2.6%) teeth had the lightest shade 10 (D4). In the first bleaching session, teeth bleached by 35% CP showed more Shade guide units (Sgu) movement towards lighter shades than SP (p< 0.05). At the third bleaching session the mean Sgu movement for both reag...
The objective was to determine the knowledge of medical and dental caregivers regarding the link between oral diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM); and their role in the management of the oral complications of DM. This comparative study... more
The objective was to determine the knowledge of medical and dental caregivers regarding the link between oral diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM); and their role in the management of the oral complications of DM. This comparative study was carried out among a group (n = 100) of resident doctors undergoing postgraduate training in medicine and dentistry at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. A 28-item self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and it elicited information on respondents&amp;amp;#39; demographics, practice behaviors, knowledge about link between oral diseases, and DM, as well as their knowledge about oral complications of DM. Majority of the dental senior residents (83.3%) had adequate knowledge of the oral manifestation of DM and the link between oral disease and DM while only 43.8% of the medical junior residents had adequate knowledge (P = 0.060). Majority (63.0%) who strongly agreed that physicians need to collaborate with dental professionals to reduce DM patients&amp;amp;#39; risk of developing oral diseases belonged to the dental group (P = 0.040) and only 35.3% of medical group strongly agreed that physicians should be taught how to screen for oral disease in DM patients (P = 0.009). A vast majority (89.6%) of the medical group however felt that they needed additional information about the link between oral disease and DM (P = 0.036). The findings indicate that there is still a major gap in knowledge of the link between oral diseases and DM; as well as a poor appreciation of the need for a collaborative management of DM patients by medical and dental practitioners.
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Pulp stone, though of an unclear aetiology, is clinically common. It potentially poses procedural difficulty to the endodontist and may also be a marker of an underlying systemic condition. The study investigated pulp stone occurrence in... more
Pulp stone, though of an unclear aetiology, is clinically common. It potentially poses procedural difficulty to the endodontist and may also be a marker of an underlying systemic condition. The study investigated pulp stone occurrence in adult restorative patients. It also highlighted the relationship between pulp stone and pristine posterior teeth, chronic periodontitis and posterior teeth with abrasion, as well as the effect of age and gender on pulp stone occurrence. Three hundred subjects, aged 18-60 years participated in the cross sectional study. Pristine teeth, teeth with chronic periodontitis and those with abrasion were recruited. Pulp stone was seen more often in the 41-50 years age band, in molars and in teeth with chronic periodontitis but less often in teeth with abrasion. In addition, coronal and free form of pulp stone were more popular. It is recommended that researchers should pay special care in case selections, and during biomechanical coronal instrumentation.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To compare the histopathologic types of periapical lesions obtained during apicectomy of maxillary anterior teeth, with the clinico-radiological findings and treatment outcome of the lesions. METHODS: A prospective... more
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To compare the histopathologic types of periapical lesions obtained during apicectomy of maxillary anterior teeth, with the clinico-radiological findings and treatment outcome of the lesions. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out over a 3-year period, during which periapical tissues obtained after apicectomy of maxillary anterior teeth were routinely examined histologically. Post-apicectomy radiological assessment of the patients was performed over a period of 2 weeks to 1 year. RESULTS: Thirteen patients with clinically diagnosed periapical lesions had apicectomy performed on their maxillary anterior teeth during the study period. There was a male to female ratio of 2.3:1 and the peak age group for the patients was 21 to 25 years (n=6, 46.2%). The mean duration of presentation of the lesions was 5.4 years + 4.6. The lesions were diagnosed histologically as periapical granuloma (n=9, 69.2%) and periapical cyst (n=4, 30.8%). A significant association of periapical granuloma with upper central incisor tooth and the clinical diagnosis of acute apical periodontitis was observed (p&lt;0.05). A considerable post-apicectomy bone deposition around the root apex of the tooth was observed within 3 months (n=5, 38.5%) and complete bone deposition was observed within a year (n=4, 30.8%). CONCLUSION: Periapical granuloma and periapical cyst were diagnosed histologically in this study, following routine biopsies after surgical endodontic treatment of maxillary anterior teeth with periapical lesions. The clinical diagnosis of acute apical periodontitis of upper central incisor was significantly associated with histological diagnosis of periapical granuloma. A satisfactory treatment outcome was observed in about a third of the patients, based on radiological evidence of post-apicectomy bone deposition.
ABSTRACT Anecdotal evidence suggests that Sports dentistry has not been adequately focused on in Nigeria. While dental and facial injuries occur in sports, limited knowledge of the role the dentist can play in the treatment of these... more
ABSTRACT Anecdotal evidence suggests that Sports dentistry has not been adequately focused on in Nigeria. While dental and facial injuries occur in sports, limited knowledge of the role the dentist can play in the treatment of these injuries has precluded his inclusion in sports medical teams. Some sports related dental and facial injuries are preventable. The use of appropriate protective devices like helmet, face mask and mouthguard have been known to reduce these injuries. Apart from boxing there appears to be no other sports where protective devices are regularly used in Nigeria. To enhance performance and maximum participation in sporting events, athletes, officials and sports administrators in Nigeria ought to be made aware of these protective devices. This article therefore reviews the important role of dentistry in sports.
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ABSTRACT To determine the knowledge, attitude and willingness of preclinical dental students to treat HIV/AIDS patients in the future. The sample comprised 150 students of both genders drawn from the third and fourth year dental students... more
ABSTRACT To determine the knowledge, attitude and willingness of preclinical dental students to treat HIV/AIDS patients in the future. The sample comprised 150 students of both genders drawn from the third and fourth year dental students of the University of Benin, Benin City. One hundred and fifty questionnaires were self-administered, with 139 (92.6%) retrieval. The parameters measured were knowledge, status, immunization against hepatitis B virus, willingness to treat, knowledge of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and its protocol in the of University of Benin Teaching hospital (UBTH). Data analysis showed that 100 (71.9%) students rated their knowledge of HIV/AIDS as high and very high. Sixty-three (45.3%) students thought that HIV was a contagious disease while 46 (33.1%) felt HIV was more infectious than tuberculosis or any of the strains of hepatitis virus. Only 59 (42.4%) students knew their HIV status. One hundred and twenty seven (91.4%) students felt that professional oral health care will be beneficial to HIV/AIDS patients; while fifty-one students (36.7%) are not prepared to administer dental care to HIV/AIDS patients in future. Majority of respondents adjudged health workers to be more at risk than sex workers. Forty students comprising 28.8% of the study population had been immunized against Hepatitis B. Ninety- four (67.7%) students had no knowledge of PEP while 122 (87.8%) students did not know the PEP protocol in UBTH. Although a large number of these students claim to be knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS. It is obvious that a true understanding is lacking. Concerted effort should be made to change their perception by implementing a curriculum designed to enhance the knowledge of dental students; if we hope to save HIV/AIDS patients from the discrimination of future healthcare givers.