Burst Transmission in Energy Efficient Ethernet

! " # " # " # ! ( ) $ &' * ) " + (, !! " & ! - " & " " ))- . ., & , / 0 ) - 1, 2& , , !&)) . ., - (, " )1 - 1!! " 1, -" & ! 2& - ! . 1 ", 111 - & , ) 5 ! 6 " 111 ! ", , . , . , , " )) " & ! "57 7 "5 " ) & ! 8 9:; ! " ) & ! <& 0 , & ! 1 , ) .7 . ,& 5 " !! " ) (, & !! " & - !" " & " (@, ) 1, ! - " & " . ) . (, , . , , 0 " -" )= > , & ., ", " 0 ) ( 5 ! " 31 - 1!! " , " , 0 - : := > 1 ))- "& 1, " & & )) 5 ,& " 0", 1 - 1!! " ) 5 ", , . )" ", , ) , (, ! ," " 1, 3D " 4 ! , 1, , , & 7) !)" )& ) . ) ) " . &" ! , ) " 7 ) , " " ) . " " ! , & & !" & " " , ., , ) , " ")& , - !! " "- " " , ! " " & & ? ! " )&" ! -7 . " ) ", ) - , " (@, = > ( &" 1, 4 1, . 5 , 2& " . , & 2& 31114 ! + " ) & ) , &) . )) , ! ! ) & 8:; ! ) - 1!! " 1, & ! & % &", . &" 0 " -7 !! " . , , 111 A: - !! " "&" . , " - )) , ) ! , & ! 31114 5 , " & ! & ! !! " 0", =B> *) )- , ! , 1, C " ) , ! , 1 - 1!! " . & ) , 3D " 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egacy Ethernet Frame EEE 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 / & 0.3 0.4 0.5 Load 1 0.6 0.7 0.8 -* 0.9 Legacy Ethernet Frame EEE 0.1 0 0.1 Power usage (percentage of peak) 1 0.9 Power usage (percentage of peak) 1 0.9 0 "& ! 111 + :: 10Gbps 1 0.9 0 !! " ) . " 1Gbps 100Mbps Power usage (percentage of peak) ) , ! , 1 & 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Load & ) 0.6 0.7 ! 0.8 0.9 , 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Legacy Ethernet Frame EEE 0.1 0 1 !! 0 0.1 0.2 1, 0.3 0.4 0.5 Load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) - 2& ! )& ) , &", ), & , , ., &!! " ! . , & . ! , &!! ! ::: , . ( ))& &) - ) , , & ! . " , )" = :> = > ! )) " ! ) ) . , " &" ! 2& &!! !) . ! ", ) ( & " %& " . , , , ) &", , . 5 " , & ) 0 (, ! )) . 0 " 0 & &", , ! , &!! ! )) & ! ! ! & . , : 7 ", , &) . 111 / & & ) ) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 Legacy Ethernet Frame EEE Burst EEE 0.2 0.1 0 0.1 0.2 / & 0.3 0.4 0.5 Load 1 0.6 0.7 0.8 -* 0.9 Power usage (percentage of peak) 1 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 Legacy Ethernet Frame EEE Burst EEE 0.2 0.1 0 1 0 0.1 & 0.2 0.3 0.4 & ) 0.5 Load & , , . ) 10Gbps 1 0.9 0 , 1Gbps 1 0.9 Power usage (percentage of peak) Power usage (percentage of peak) 100Mbps . 0 ", &) - 0.6 ! 0.7 0.8 , 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Legacy Ethernet Frame EEE Burst EEE 0.1 0 1 !! 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 1, 0.4 0.5 Load 0.6 D 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 ., & & /& , / & - " B , . , . , & !! & ! ! !! )& , . , & ! & ). ) " ))& ) ) ) , " ! -) .) ) ) , " :::< 7( :F 7( ) 5 & , . , ", ., ", ) ( ! )& &" 0" ) )) " ) . , " ) 7! 111 <- ! ) ! :::< 7( :F 7( ) 5 ., ", , " & . , ! 8@ " )., :::< 7( :F 7( ) , & ! & )- , ") ! " & ) " )) . , 2& (, &) & - , )! ! ) " 5 )-F ) & & ::< 7( ) , ! )& ! ( ) , ) ) , " !" & 100Mbps 1Gbps 10Gbps 1 1 1 0.95 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 Ratio Ratio 0.7 Ratio 0.85 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.75 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.65 0.3 Frame vs Burst with Tas = 1ms Frame vs Burst with Tas = 10ms 0 0.1 0.2 / & 0.3 0.4 0.5 Load B1 0.6 0.7 0.8 -* 0.9 1 0.2 0.4 Frame vs Burst with Tas = 1ms Frame vs Burst with Tas = 10ms 0 0.1 0.2 & 1, 0.3 0.4 0.5 Load 0.6 0.7 ! & G! D 0.8 0.9 Frame vs Burst with Tas = 1ms Frame vs Burst with Tas = 10ms 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 ! 0.4 0.5 Load , 0.6 0.7 !! 0.8 0.9 1 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) ) ) ) - % )" , . 5 " , ) & )- & , " 0 ! 6<D . 5 ! , . 5 ) ! 1 - 1!! " & ( ! " ) " ! !& , ) " " , " ! 6<D , " ! (* & ! = B> ! & & " ) ) & (, " & ! 1 - 1!! " 1, ) ))0 " &" , . ! 1, " )" ) 5 )- " ., , -! . , 2& . 5 & ) ) 5 )) , , " , ! ,& &" , - !! " "- ! ) 7! 111 (, . 5 & ", , )- . 5 & ) 5 ., & ) & ! ! - ! & - ) ! "" ) ) ) - ! )7 )" " ", . , " ) 7! 111 , " ! : , , ! 8:; ! )" 1 ))- , " )) " ! ! & ! " )- , - !! " ", ,7 " ) .) " ))- ., ! )) 6 , , , , " )) " ! ! & ! ", )) , " !&))- & ! ) ) 1 ))- , ) &" " (* & O Q& ) - ! 10 " & , & ,)))- , & &" - , ", 2& - ) , " , "& )) . 5 ! &" & " &!! !) . ! 2& )- (, . ", " " " , " ! & 111 , )" ) ! (* G . 5 , . )) , & , , , " ! , ! . " 7) - . " ) "5 , )- 0 ) , & )" ) " (, & , F ) ! " . &) ) 5 , 5 P /& F *, , " " )) " , " < & , # 0 ) ) ! = > F& D D , RF ! , S " ! * D F*6 J7 ? & & :: = > * F& P *, < $ D D& R &" , 1 * & ! 1, . , 5 3 4S 111 ( " * & ) 89 & B ) ::A + BBA T B? = > 111 A: 1 1!! " 1, ( 5 / " 3, +GG & G & GA: G G G & ) "G 0 , )4 =B> < # ) ) R(, * ! 1 -7 )* & S 111 * & ) B: & " ::9 + T 9 =8> < RD < . ,# ) ) S 111 A: ", ::9 =?> * 1 D & R1 , + (, ! F& S 6U ))- / & - ::: 3 D<$ :+ 78?8J 7??:7J4 =9> P *, R C ) " 3 D4+ 1 &) 10 & #D1S 111 A: ", ::9 =A> 111 A: 1 - 1!! " 1, D ! ", ::J =J> *, & P& ( P & R ) ! .7 . ) + ::< 7(HS 111 A: & - ::A = :> / (, ) R111 ( ( * S 111 A: - ::9 = > E 0 RD " , ! " " ! 57D D. ", 6& S 111 A: &)- ::9 = >* Q C R6 " ) & . ", 36<D4 T . ! " ) D &" S ,7D $ . 5 ) A ?J7AB 3 ", JJJ4 = > ") E ' ' E R6 , )! & 7 )) 6<D . 5 )" ) -7 " !! S , " $ . 5 * & " ) B BJ7? 3 & ::94 = B> R " ! (* !) . " ) & . ", . 5S + " ! 111 $/6*6 ) A: T A 3 :: 4