Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
2024, Rome, IAI, March 2024, 7 p. (JOINT Briefs ; 33)
The weak, erratic European response to Hamas’ 7 October 2023 attack on Israel and the latter’s retaliation in Gaza was the natural continuation of a long-standing pathology. For a decade before Hamas’ attacks, EU foreign and security policy toward the Israeli-Palestinian conflict had been at a stalemate. The Israel/Palestine file has displayed in a particularly harsh manner the impact of the EU’s larger structural problems that lead to member states’ niche interests and domestic dynamics holding the bloc’s whole foreign policy apparatus hostage. Creatively working around such blockades must be at the centre of member states’ future diplomatic efforts.
Rome, IAI, February 2023, 45 p. (JOINT Research Papers ; 19)
Stalled by Division: EU Internal Contestation over the Israeli-Palestinian ConflictSince 1980, Europe’s policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has served as a major barometer of the Union’s ability to formulate an autonomous and cohesive foreign policy. This paper reflects on the impact of the factors that hamper the effectiveness and coherence of EUFSP towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. While there is broad consensus that the EU has some impact in supporting socio-economic development and institution-building in Palestine, its political impact has been negligible. An unfavourable regional and global environment has made the Israel-Palestine question an especially difficult foreign policy dossier. The EU’s failure to fully exploit its limited leverage on this conflict is largely its own making. The case displays the symptoms of EU deficiencies in EU internal consensus, politics and institutional set-up in a particularly harsh manner, and shows how the effectiveness and sustainability of EUFSP often falls victim to the requirement of unity. The result is a dysfunctional stalemate in which policy statements and action (or lack thereof) drift ever further apart.
Security Dialogues
Clashing the EU security logics: complexity of EU - Hamas relations2015 •
This article investigates the reasons behind the EU reservations and boycott towards the Palestinian resistance movement Hamas. It examines how the EU ‘talked security’, in terms of framing the overall Israeli-Palestinian conflict (IPC). In this context, of particular interest is the reason behind the, EU decision to label Hamas as a terrorist organization (analysed in relation to the specific security construct). With regards to the EU multilateral dimension in the IPC, it is important to find out how the EU has worked (or has been forced/pushed by external actors) to form a security governance, as well as a multilateral strategy vis-à-vis Hamas, and what references have been made towards the multilateralism. Furthermore, this article explores the policies that have been created in relation to the EU securitization of the conflict, as well as the impact it had on the EU and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Rome, IAI, April 2023, 6 p. (IAI Commentaries ; 23|20)
Shifting Paradigms for Israel-Palestine: Why the EU Must Answer the Wake-Up Call NowThe current European differentiation policy toward Israel-Palestine, as currently designed and fragmentarily implemented by member states, is not enough. The EU has the power to do more: instead of using trade and research funding programmes as a bargaining tool to bring Israelis to the negotiating table, it should first and foremost leverage its position to hold Israel accountable and ensure that it fully complies with international law prioritising the legitimate aspirations and rights of the Palestinian people.
2008 •
CEPS Working Documents, No. 217 (January 2005), ISBN 92-9079-545-X
The Widening Gap between Rhetoric and Reality in EU Policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict2005 •
Over the decades, the EU’s declaratory diplomacy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict crystallised in its support for a two-state solution and the respect for human rights and international law. Yet a closer look at the EU’s relations with Israel and the Palestinian Authority highlights an increasing divergence between rhetorical goals and conduct in practice. This working paper shows how in the Middle East, the nature of the EU’s credibility problem stems neither from its inadequate instruments nor from its internal divisions. It rather derives from the manner in which the Union has chosen to deploy the instruments at its disposal. The paper then turns to possible ways ahead to achieve greater consistency and credibility in the EU’s role in the region.
International Journal of Disciplines Economics & Administrative Sciences Studies
The Israel-Palestine Conflict in the EU Foreign Policy Process2021 •
The EU has moved from economic union to political integration with a neo-functionalist integration by using the enlargement and deepening steps. The EU started to focus on foreign policy in order to take a joint position against possible crises with this process. The EU, whose weight is increasing day by day in the international system, tries to be an effective actor as a normative power with its emphasis on economic aid and democracy. The EU, sometimes emphasizes the separate structure of power, highlights its military, civilian or normative power in the foreground depending on the issue. The EU, that wants to develop a fast and common response to global and regional crises by implementing the common foreign and security policy with the Maastricht Treaty. The common action-policy tools that form the basis of EU foreign policy, were used in the Israel-Palestine conflict, which was the first foreign policy area of the EU. The EU using economic elements together by diplomacy, is trying to be part of the solution by putting pressure. The EU has developed a common position based on certain principles by emphasizing its civilian character and diplomatic language. In the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the EU member states have ensured the principles of integrity, consistency and hence "univocal" which are also reflected in their actions in the international arena. The EU, which has been able to make faster decisions in actions to which the USA is a party, has problems with reliability and efficiency when it is left alone. For this reason, the EU is in the position of a civilian power, far from being the main actor, influencing international policies and helping their implementation with financial resources.
If one looks at the European Union (EU)’s southern neighbourhood and considers its response to the Israeli Palestinian conflict, one can only wonder how the EU can have any apologists left at all. While the tortured history of the conflict dates back more than a century, its roots lie in decades of clashes over religion, borders, and territory. The dispute between Israelis and Palestinians has engulfed politicians, diplomats, academics, NGO officials and others in a peace process in which the ultimate goal has been tantalizingly close on numerous occasions only to be pulled apart at the 11th hour. Few international disputes have generated as much emotion, passion, anguish, and diplomatic gridlock as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Early Medieval Europe
Archeology and written sources on eighth- to tenth-century Bohemia2009 •
Człowiek a historia. Ludzie i wydarzenia. T. IX
Walka o pamięć - damnatio memoriae i restitutio honorum w Starożytnym Rzymie2023 •
Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences
Upregulation of Twist2 in Non-Muscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Correlate with Response to Treatment and Progression2018 •
Publications of the Modern Language Association of America
Intolerance in the MLA1992 •
Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
Rebuking the enemies of the Lotus: Nichirenist exclusivism in historical perspective1994 •
2011 •
Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics
Pharmacoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation studies reveal potential covalent and FDA-approved inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease 3CLpro2020 •
Frontiers in Chemistry
Binding mechanism and SERS spectra of 5-fluorouracil on gold clustersMécanique & Industries
Analyse théorique et expérimentale des effets thermiques dans les butées hydrodynamiques à géométrie fixe2000 •
2016 •