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OpenMath and SMT-LIB
Roberto SebastianiRelated Papers
International Journal on …
Design and results of the 3rd annual satisfiability modulo theories competition (SMT-COMP 2007)2008 •
2017 19th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC)
SMT Solving for Arithmetic Theories: Theory and Tool Support2017 •
Satisfiability checking aims to develop algorithms and tools for checking the satisfiability of logical formulas. Driven by the impressive success of SAT solvers for proposi- tional logic, Satisfiability-Modulo-Theories (SMT) solvers were developed to extend the scope also to different theories. Today, SMT solving is widely used in many applications, for example verification, synthesis, planning or product design automation. In this tutorial paper we give a short introduction to the foundations of SMT solving, describe some popular SMT solvers and illustrate their usage. We also present our own solver SMT-RAT, which was developed to support the strategic combination of different decision procedures, putting a focus on arithmetic theories.
NEW YORK - HARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE
Pharaohs, Fellahs and Explorers - Amelia Ann Blanford Edwards - (Mother of Egyptology and rare Author - Explorer - Egyptologist wrote in a time forgotten(1800s) about a ancient past forgotten (5000BCE to 300 Ad) Egyptians/Jews/Greeks to American-indians/Aztecs -Just some subjects Covered !What Mariette began thirty years ago (1850s), Maspero carried on and developed ; and it was to Maspero’s wise liberality that the Egypt Exploration Fund was indebted, in 1883, for liberty to pursue its work in the Delta. In that year the society despatched its first agent—M. Naville—upon its first expedition; and since 1883 the French in Upper Egypt, the English in Lower Egypt, have labored simultaneously to bring to light the buried wealth of the most ancient of nations. Thus the work of discovery goes on apace. Old truths receive unexpected corroboration; old histories are judged by the light of new readings; fresh wonders are disclosed wherever the spade of the digger strikes new ground. The interest never flags—the subject never palls upon us—the mine is never exhausted. Old truths receive unexpected corroboration; old histories are judged by the light of new readings; fresh wonders are disclosed wherever the spade of the digger strikes new ground. The interest never flags—the subject never palls upon us—the mine is never exhausted. The explorer - who should sink a vertical shaft through the heart of the mass would cut through the relics of one hundred and sixty-eight generations of men. It would not be one town which he would lay open; it would be an immense succession of towns, stratum above stratum, with a semi-barbarian settlement at the bottom and a Christian town at the top. Amid the caked dust and rubbish of that Christian town he would find little terra-cotta lamps of the old classical shape, stamped with the palm or cross. And hé would find Roman coins, Gnostic gems, and potsherds scribbled over with Coptic, Greek, and demotic memoranda. Here, too—hidden away, perhaps, in an earthen jar, in the evil days of religious persecution —he might hope to find a copy of the earliest Coptic translation of the Scriptures, or a priceless second century codex of the New Testament. Archeology layers simplified Next below this, in strata of the Greek period, he would find coins of the Ptolemies, Greek and Egyptian inscriptions, Greek and Egyptian papyri, images of Greek and Egyptian gods, and works of art in the Greco-Egyptian and pure Greek styles. Among other possible treasures might be discovered a copy of Manetho’s History of Egypt, or some of the lost masterpieces of the Greek poets. Still working downward, he would come upon evidences of various periods of foreign conquest, in the form of Persian and Assyrian tablets; and below these, in strata of the Saite time, would be found exquisite works of art in bronze, sculpture, and personal ornaments. Even when so low down as the Nineteenth Dynasty—the grand epoch of Rameses the Great—we are not yet half through our mound. Under the débris of that ..... (Above were some excerpts from the book) About the Author from what one can gather - . Edwards enjoyed three separate careers: as a journalist, a novelist, and an Egyptologist. She was also an active supporter of the suffrage movement, serving at one time as Vice-President of the Society for Promoting Women's Suffrage. Amelia Edwards never married, but lived and traveled for much of her life with a female companion. Though she was a popular novelist, today you are most likely to come across her tales of travel. In this series of lectures, Edwards' personality sparkles through the pages. In one chapter, she describes in detail a Queen of Egypt, Hatasu, dissenting from other Egyptologists who minimized her importance. Edwards' love and knowledge of Egyptology are ably demonstrated in this collection. See other works by this author available from Kessinger Publishing. In 1882, she co-founded the Egypt Exploration Fund. She gained the nickname "godmother of Egyptology" for her contribution. If modern Egypt is so far away that it takes three weeks to get there, ancient Egypt is infinitely more distant.' So wrote novelist, journalist, traveller and Egyptologist Amelia Edwards in this, the last published work of her career. Having first travelled to Egypt in 1873, in 1889-90 Edwards was invited to lecture in the United States, campaigning for the Egypt Exploration Fund, of which she was joint honorary secretary. In five months she addressed 100,000 people at over 110 meetings in sixteen states. Pharaohs, Fellahs and Explorers- First published in 1892, a month before her death, this book is a collection of her lectures, containing substantial illustrations, additions, notes, and references. Exhibiting both Edwards' ability to make abstruse subjects come alive without losing factual correctness, and the humour and enthusiasm with which she recounted her experiences, this book marks the culmination of twenty years' research and exploration. CONTENTS. I. THE EXPLORER IN EGYPT. Our knowledge of Egypt ever on the increase—Continuous march of explo- ration—Foundation of the Egypt Exploration Fund in 18883—Egypt an inexhaustible mine of antiquities—Funerary customs of the ancient Egyptians—Approximate number of mummies embalmed during 4700 years — Egyptian mounds—How these mounds were formed, their growth and decay—Story of a typical mound—Excavation of a typica] mound—Objects likely to be found in Egyptian mounds—Exploration in Upper Egypt—The tomb-pits of Upper Egypt—Exploration in Lower Egypt—Excavation of Tell Nebesheh in the Eastern Delta—Interesting antiquities discovered at Tell Nebesheh—Tell Defenneh—Hardships incidental to the work of exploration in Egypt—Necessary qualifications of the explorer—Homer in the Fayfim—Definition of archeology—The explorer ‘‘ born, not made ”’—Discovery of Naukratis by Mr. Petrie— Ruins of the temples of Apollo, Hera, Zeus, and Aphrodite mentioned by Herodotus — ‘‘The potter’s quarter” —The house of the scarabmaker — The house of the jeweller — Evolution of Greek from Egyptian art—Discovery of Masonic deposits—Great historical value of this discovery—Ceramic riches of Naukratis................05. Pages 3-36 Il. THE BURIED CITIES OF ANCIENT EGYPT. Extreme antiquity of the ancient Egyptian monarchy — The Horshesu, or “‘ Followers of Horus ”—-Probable age of the Great Sphinx— Wealth of Egypt in building material—The ancient Egyptians a nation of builders —Destruction of the mounds of the Delta by native laborers—Excavations conducted by the Egypt Exploration Fund—Archeological survey of Egypt recently undertaken by this society — ‘‘Pithom and Raamses’ —The Hebrews in the Land of Goshen—Tell Abfi Suleiman identified by Lepsius with Pithom and Tell-cl-Maskhfitah with ‘‘ Raamses” —Excavation of the mound of Maskhfitah by M. Naville—Tell-el-Maskhfitah proves to be ‘‘ Pithom of Succoth”—Identification of the of the Exodus—Store-chambers of Pithom—Bricks of Pithom—Mr. Petrie’s excavations at Tanis (Zoan)— The great temple of Tanis— The largest colossus ever sculptured by the hand of man—House of Bakakhiu at Tanis—Great discovery of papyri and other manuscripts—The granite shrine of Saft el-Henneh—Daphne of Pelusium—The camps of Psammetichus—Occupation of Daphne by Greek mercenary troops— Siege of Jerusalem (B.c. 585) and flight of the daughters of Zedekiah into Egypt—Settlement of the Hebrew fugitives at Daphne —The prophecy of Jeremiah—Mr. Petrie’s excavations at Daphne (Tell Defenneh)—Palace-fort of Psammetichus I—Masonic deposits of Psammetichus I. —Identification of the palace-fort with ‘‘ Pharaoh’s House in Talhpanhes ”’—Discovery of the brick-work, or pavement, mentioned by Jeremiah—Historical testimony of the ruins of the palace-fort of Psammetichus—Conflicting testimony-of Egyptian and Babylonian inscriptions—Discovery of clay cylinders of Nebuchadnezzar. Pages 37-69 Iil. PORTRAIT PAINTING IN ANCIENT EGYPT. ptian sculptures and paintings the oldest in the world—The art of drawing more ancient than that of sculpture — Prehistoric art — Subjects of the earliest Egyptian paintings—Treatment of the human figure by ancient Egyptian daughtsmen — Conventional coloring of ancient Egyptian artists — The skill with which Egyptian artists reproduced the ethnic types of foreign nations—Errors of ancient Egyptian artists —The same errors common to early art in all the nations of antiquity —Ancient Greek painting—The art of painted vases—Ancient criticisms and anecdotes of Polygnotus; of Xeuxis; of Apelles—Unparalleled luxury of the early Greek painters — The Proto-Homeric vases of Athens—Pliny on the priority of ancient Egyptian painting—Early relations between the Pelasgic Greeks and the ancient Egyptians — Inscription of Sankhara in the Valley of Hammamat—The Greeks in Egypt under the Eighteenth and later dynasties—Mr. Petrie’s discoveries at Tell Kahtin and Tell Gurob—Inscribed potsherds found in these mounds—Traces of Foreign settlers at Gurob—The Tursha identified by Lenormant with the Etruscans—Etruscan alphabetic signs at Tell Gurob—Comparative antiquity of the earliest Greek alphabets—Foreign captives in Egypt during the Nineteenth and Twentieth dynasties —Momentous results of Mr. Petrie’s discoveries—Special characteristics of the Egyptian School of figure-painting—The ‘‘four races” of men: the typical Syrian, the typical Egyptian, the typical Libyan, the typical Ethiopian—The tomb of Hui—The Sardinian in Egyptian art—The charioteer of the ‘‘ pre- Homeric” vases—Archaic Greek painted ware of Daphne—Egyptian conventionalities reproduced in early Greek painting—First appearance of the Sphinx in Greek art—The Sphinx-pwall-paintings of Etruria; their relations to ancient Egyptian art—The Cervetri tomb of 1889—Etruscan reproduction of the conventionalities of Egyptian art—Genealogy of the French eagles —Discovery of the laws of chiaroscuro and foreshortening by Apollo- dorus—The Labyrinth ; its destruction by the Roman Government— Excavations by Mr. Petrie on the site of the Labyrinth—Ruins of the "4 Roman town on the Labyrinth platform—Mixed character of its ancient population—Successive s...
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