Em 1889, D. Carlos sobe ao trono, iniciando um reinado marcado pelas visitas diplomáticas evidenciando a primazia das refeições palacianas. O serviço à russa, iniciado no reinado anterior, mantém -se na mesa real e é disseminado pelas elites, materializando -se na literatura culinária e manuais de etiqueta da época. Na senda da sua ação diplomática, o casal de monarcas visita, em 1901, os arquipélagos da Madeira e dos Açores, onde são recebidos com todas as cerimónias e galanterias, destacando -se as refeições servidas a suas majestades e comitiva. Dominada pela cozinha francesa, a época em apreço vê nascer as primeiras publicações que procuram enaltecer a cozinha nacional e os pratos regionais. Neste artigo, procura- -se caracterizar as diferentes refeições da família régia, nomeadamente os banquetes, as refeições de viagens e as do quotidiano familiar, comparando -as com as ementas servidas durante a visita real aos Açores e as receitas evidenciadas na literatura culinária da época

Produkty gdańskich browarników i destylatorów, szczególnie ciężkie piwo jęczmienne (jopenbier) oraz korzenne likiery, cieszyły się w XVII–XVIII w. wielką sławą w Polsce, w całej Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej. Smak oraz wygląd gdańskiej wódki (Goldwasser) sławili poeci niemieccy, a jej legenda trafiła nawet na strony polskiego eposu narodowego Pan Tadeusz (z 1834 r.). Autor artykułu przedstawił sytuację gdańskiego rzemiosła gorzelniczego oraz browarniczego od schyłku XVIII w. do wybuchu pierwszej wojny światowej. Na podstawie statystyk handlowych ukazano zmieniającą się strukturę wytwórców, wielkość, ceny produkcji oraz eksport, a także reakcję na zmieniające się gusty konsumentów w epoce przemysłowej.

Variation in behavior within marine and terrestrial species can influence the functioning of the ecosystems they inhabit. However, the contribution of social behavior to ecosystem function remains underexplored. Many coral reef fish species provide potentially insightful models for exploring how social behavior shapes ecological function because they exhibit radical intraspecific variation in sociality within a shared habitat. Here, we provide an empirical exploration on how the ecological function of a shoaling surgeonfish (Acanthurus triostegus) may differ from that of solitary conspecifics on two Pacific coral reefs combining insight from behavioral observations, stable isotope analysis, and macronutrient analysis of gut and fecal matter. We detected important differences in how the social mode of A. triostegus affected its spatial and feeding ecology, as well as that of other reef fish species. Specifically, we found increased distance traveled and area covered by shoaling fish ...