.
h+-
.
Wis.rxbl
J
--Q
LA-UR-92-H95
T it /e :
I&uI+-92-895
IY1392G11361
Author(s):
Submlttai
t o.
c.
1).
1111 ‘ I
I’; lrii
.llll
‘1’:lil
!;)’111]1.
l:i I :,’,
~.’
,
1’1-1}1,
l),
l:.
,TiInLIt.li
I’ll
l!;ll
l’1”-1:1’l’li
Y,
;Iml
Il.
1111 im~:ll’l
1..
(:liII-lt
11’11,
1“1”
11)1).’
LosAlamos
NAT
IONAI
lAFIOll
AI
Ofl
Y
l.!m AIIHIIOn Nnlmml I abmkmy, Hnalttmtivn wlmvqml
LMXWII Ily -m,
I. qnfmlml hy IIHI WIIVWUIVd Cnlihwmm
h)r W I I !i I)qtmlntml d I IIJWW
Ulllk IXOIIti W /40h I ~1 ,30 tl~ w9@mm
d fhtI nflidn, lfla IJUbhhUl IMqlnlmn Ihl lh U % . 14ww1111M 191itIIlnd mmmmchmwn,
lU@~ h- MIXIIW Ill
t’milhh w MINIXIIIU W IMWIA
I(WMu! tttinCBIWMIIIM, IN m (WW d=n
hl (h MI, b II S OUVWVWII UWMn
1k I IM AIIInMInWIIWIIII 1141MIIdLWV
.
Oxalute complexa[ion
C. Drew Tail,
Isotope id
with duminum(lll)
Duvid
Nucltilr
R. JiLnuctiy, David
Ctwmisiry
Los Alumos Nuliond
Los A]alllos,
Nhl
ABSTRACT:
and irrsn(lll)
at mmkriitcly
L. Clark
Division
l~dxml[w-y
87545
‘1’o MM lo our lllld~’rs[allding ol”[hcww[llcring
wakrs,
we II;IVC ~xiimi[ld
tqwrtilurc
ofrt)L”ks
fkkl
shdics
show thnt even t’nc tissociulion consliml for [he Ilighly
incrcascs[o
80” C,
(.’1llperuture dcpcndcnl
k
Tocvirluir[e
thcpohm[id
t:(~lllpu~iliollc xpcrimenlsl
ferric oxuhsles show incrcilsus in wx~irrtion
fnrFe(ox)+
c(ms[im[
~l]ilrgd
CIwmic;ll
lc[ivtitin
Fc([ll)uml
for Al(ox)+
Ixlwuc’u
dissolvtxl
Iwun Ihc locus d invwdigulions
procusscs in sdimcnltiry
brinus, Tlwsti inlcrac[ions
crwrlion,
dcslrrrc[ion
lhruugh complex
(S[JR[)AM
(JI” mduls
lr)~~;
l.’A~hf[~~,
illll Llcvlcc lhc
in l~)w- 1[) ltlt]dcr:llL: -lcillllurlll[lrc
KIIARAKA
tlrc
conccnlruticms of OXUIWC in oil
SIIRDAM,
ufliilive
CI rrl. 191hl, 1987; MACGOWAN
1911#1),i[s di-lunc[i(mul
chdnhw
imporliuwc
Accordingly,
vs.
und
mrtulc nsukcs it a m[wc
ul rwml Im:qwrulurc
10 Wdmrillg
urd hcncc ils ovmrll
i~ polcnlisrlly
lwuli(ms
1989),
dclcdimr
(If I) Xilllltl! uksrihrbilily in Ihu
pICSLInLW (If cnluilllll,
H k~mnn~ul ~~llilm In sdir
As pninhd
hrinrs.
~ml hy I:I!IN
.n[brry hnsins
( 1902),
l!)(mgh,
l’Hlciuln is m~l utwuys pfv,svnl , Ilnd Ilw kinrti~w l~f Iww[icm uw
mll wrdl slmliwl
A~’I\nLl nmrw)lwl
(KIIARAKA
undrr
gvtwhrnlit’ul
IWM,
I[M7;
hlA(*(;()\VAN
19111!), Hml IIWW (Ihi(wllillm
gcorhtmcnl
comlilions,
IIW
t,(m~liturntx
CXfWrlIllCnlS
h) &!k!rlllinC
(’I AV A’I -I ’A,
I Q(I I I ; SJt)lll!l{(;
“1’llohlAS
c1 d.,
IQ91),
(xmlplcxru
mo Hlrim~ cmmgh
hm pw nm u
urtt OIIMAN,
“Illcw
h!
rclcvnnl 10 swfimcnlury
n@r
purticulurly
twins
{)11 rLWIVL’ry
( 1[01{)
prlwidc
AI-(M
(lK)’l”l”Al{l
of inlrlrwli(ms,
pl~mvwwr,
Iugiiul IIf Ihr vihl Ili[mrl
ApI * dI n
lWL’r;
(oa-oasrhllr
flm hhlnlimlm
)
itl hr Irndwd
lItmI
in fl)rm. ili{m
(m
Of
rcwlll~ wilh
cxr.mlilw IIIC
cvun in lwtnplvx
l{umnn
Iin[!crl}rinl
nurlricm
sculkring
uml
unrJ hl~rurixl
(I K)
Iwnks ill Ilw ri(l.crdlcd
Visildl’
spvt’llllm
rsml ulituvidd
urr Irw spo(’ir~ rwhylivr
AWI’[11111 nwlhod
unrJ
:md pl I rwrgcs, A
10 diwully
ruvvnl ncw qwuirs
srh”llivr.
ncw
llklllifiL’Ulh’l
srwlr(~sq~ic
d~stnp[i[m
nml nllllwin~
pllhw l,
2 I{ I! SIJI,’I-S ANI)
UIIII
[h!
nl{n.lcrulc lcmprrulurr
rdudiw is Ihc uhility
mdunisnl~
und in primnry
invuslignlionr4 of or~~,) .ic/
gLsOL’hLIIlllSlry [hrl)@l
wi[h lwmprlinx
wn~itivv
xnd suhscqumrt
illll)[lllillll
udvnnlugc t)l inicgruting
diugrncsis
of Al-
Iwnpimlurc
pltlWSKN.
Icvrl ~pcdrtwcljpiu
inlcruc[ions
I’hcreforc,
&pLllkllLW
10 lhc mtdcrulc
in rm.k lllt(ir:lti~~~/wc:ltllcrillg
(wrr
arc
rcriul[s, spcci Iicall y
h’lllpCrU[llrC
rq!imc
CIlhllllL’W!
In fuct,
ruuulion clmdilionsm
spwics,
impnrhrncc
rcdily.
wilh Si(lV)
Iwru ml A1-oxuluIc
muy inhwr(’[ wi[h
is known h) liwnl nmllili~und
u(m)plvmw wiIh \MrdHIv HI looni”
rrsul[s show Ihut this
Chulilliofl
IIw mujor culionil’
t}f r{sck srml wnl mui,icwi,
~JxnluIu, In lHc I, ulunlinmll
in conlrust Mnd
of u silicon estw (M AtU.EY
NMR
l~C
oxd:llc
10 In’
rclvvunco id’ Ihc inlcrnt”li(nl,
Silic{,ll(l V) rind n[tllllitlilll)(lll),
5 nrd 8),
CI HI., I 990) unr.1m:ly require scnsi[ivc
wc will cmrcun[ru!wl
nlw~~lplilm
uml
d{} m) I dinlimrtv
um l
(d’ o[gwric
(UVANS
wiry spruim
tJxduM ctltl~,ulllrlltlt)l~s Iwnr [hi~ [m{
c1 al,,
SIJRIIAM,
rvkwsnl
our IR
urdcr spcciirlimd
SL~illlL’l)hlry
llt]r{]slty/w.il[ll~”rillg
uml [Iii iidJ
(hclwcen
LIMN not Ihrm orgunic Lwmplcxw
inluruclions
pcrluins Ill qursli(m
ttissncialirm
covulunl h[md fbrmuliorr.
Molcculur
Lw llp[)lm rl.
I(] IIxHIiIIu-lli~HIIIcud
thelirs
spcclru, :rdiculing
dmpitc u rcporl d’ lhc Ihrnur[ion
inorgnnic
grwrlcr,
wc have choslm it ns our Mwlrd orgunic
A mujur [d~juttitm
Simihrrksnluminum,
xpcrilnenls,
pcuks urc Iound in lwlh IR and Rarnnn
uliconlnum
and Inrnspurl
brines urc irhtml 30 Iinws Iowcr Ihrur Ihsrl rrtdulc (5,5
167 MM,
hum ini[ialwl.
l) XILlillC ul nr.wr ncutrul pl{’s
silwwr
V;illuy ‘rypc (M V”I’) dcpt)sils,
SySICIIW SIICh iis IIIU hliw+lssippi
modcrale
nalurul sysIcHLs,
Al~llnill~lnl-oxululc
proven uxumplw
hydrolhcmm[
wilil
in compltx
pur-por[u{J silicon ester is WVu:dly just I’we oxulutc wrrl thrr[
iln~ ~nl]
squcslcring
inrluiws
Incolllpelitionc
cl ill..
0[ pcrmdiiily
19~6),
rCI L,ilSC ,
AI Ihough nwx i mum mcusurud
Iitld
husins nrd in oil field
It, ‘umtion wilt, Al in ulurrlinosiliculw
~1 ill.,
siuni~l~.iullly
01
cnn hu n crilicul comprmunl 01’
and rw)rguniixlliun
uncxrwdwlly
brines
Rtin-ran vihration;ll
1090” C.
nml Illillcrill
orgunics
:is.sullmmrlury
w’ilh ox;da[c.
foroxuln[chirve
sodium
inturdulitms
Lliqyrrulic
Al(Ill)
ilCll
ofuluminurn
A1-oxalirt~spccics
conshmls ut higher [qwrdurrs.
incrcilsus fus[crthunlhnl
huvc incrcusingly
rich CllVirolllllL’lllSS
AI(ox)33-
illll~orlu[lccoflllcsc
I lNTRODUCTl(lN
surfwus
inorgdnk
(JrqmnrJun[complcxir[ion
imrJ oil
lcmpcrulure
CICVMICLI tcmpm!urcs
I) IS(’IISSION
d
ulc Iwn{’c
([IV)
hut tdlcr H nnnu
h~wrr {’ljll(’{~liliulii~lls
-———
.-—. -——-.
.._—
1429
I
:3 0 0
—.
la
1409
W,~venurr,ber
—
——-.
l:ig.2 ‘1’umpcrwluru dqwndrnl
1500
(cm-l
)
Rnmim spcclru Ii]r u wduli(m 1)1
20 mM Al / 50 mhl oxulti[c d pi I ==’2.9. Unclcr Ihcsu
conditions,
IIIC riili(]
(SJOIIEKG
id
01’ Al(ox)z
UIIMAN,
pwl,k I’r[ml Al(ox)s~-
- 10 AI((M)33-
lW15).
Ahhou@
is 1 UI 25”(’
ltm 142° Ulll” 1
wils L’xpr!ulcd to kwc irrtmlsily
thr 140H cm I pc:ik 01”Al(ox)P - its IIW Icmpcrnlurc
incrwmd,
. ..—.
-.— . .—.
...-
‘I I I PL”H I I U W,
I llW’(”r
/1
\
I
H4’+. I,, IRJ, -I 1, In1,
,.,
IIW spL.rIIu .SIN)W u luck of clnmgc with
WqwrulurL.,
(Al(ox)z-
Idnlivc
~:ls
I
indic.illing Itlill 1111”
Ihild ussociullon cxmslllnl
lrrCrL!~SLm $ i Wlh
oXZ” --> Al(oxj31. -) llClllillly
(.@ilk ’
I lk ’ilihlhilll}
Ihc high
0 1 l)x lilllh!
Chilrgc
d
h~hl’r
Ilf AI(ox)33h’llip4 ’rLrhrrL’s,
ulld lhu
h)
_. —..-
.-. .- .—
.——
075
1 I.O
1.0
Ferric Oxalates
mM
mM
Fdlll)
oxalala
FIH = 1.3
fj 055C
(Fc : OX)
:
;
m
:
035 -
(1:3)
\
1.1 .rOonlm
;, 1 350nm
\
o15~
(1:2)
0
40
20
100
00
GO
T(C)
\
(M)
\
\
1 .0 2 -
1.0 mM Fqlll)
2.0 mM oIalslo
U)%-_
-—..—=—___
—
,OO.
pH = 1.3
—
ogu-
550
450
W~vclencth (IIIT1)
——
I:ig, J Alworp[iun
spudrii
12
O.!)G.
0’44 ————
0
20
of 1 mM 1%(111) nitrulc solutions UI
-—
40
60
1!)0
80
T(C)
Fig.4
ml
I;c(.ll)
t’tlmpulilion
C,~)IIlplLmXL,.S
;IIU color-ml (I) ENlilJX
[l V/vis
illls[)rplioll
c~m~pclili(m,
ucid,
Sp.lllt)stxlpy
cspcci;
wavclcnglhs
>
I:u(lll)-ox
196H) itnd Ihcrcforu
Used 111nltmil(ll
h’
I“rcc uxilltitu,
hioxtilfilu,
(MC)ORI{EAD
qwwiulion
III
wm
,-’ uI.,
19(I!I;
pcrlnrmd
in H
(Hl pl I,. I ,3) in
ordur Iu insure no tiwrous imr prmlucliml
ul rrculrul pl I ‘N.
lo (xxwr
upm
MIX)RI
I li}\l)
14nIl(mr wrd were
ltl uvt)id lhr slow pll(jl(l-(l~’c( llllll(lsili~)ll
cxpllsurc
500 IIIU (PAI{KIIR,
h) I <
UNL1SU”l’IN,
1966),
“I-lm slImI limw
light lEvL*ls [II Ilw spuclrl~~ndcr
wcru mll rmmgh
m]liccublc
inhwl
dcclmlposiliut).
spcclru~c~q)iL’ mdhods
d
I() dclcrminc
uxst)citi[ion cmvdunts (e.g.
Ahs~@itm
kn(IwII
3.
d
No dislind
hroud chur~c lrunsliw ulwlhuwwi
(KII’N) (II 7.hti,
6.23,
in~,ludv I:d
O, I 5 / 0.70
IUId 4,-/9 (l)lil.1.lliN,
I , Ii:(m)
~ , ad
I:r(m)l
1~~()(,),
spvL4r#
hmml,
hut
frnm Ilw hluc
l’tllliillll)lls
usht~t’lditm
1(~”)’1),~prcws
itl II IulIO III
/ (), I 5, wluII(: lhI~ rclcvun[ rquuli~m IN
WC(OX) ~ <-----:-
I“r(llk)j
I I“d ~ ; K
unc with tcmpcruturu.
+ Fc3 I
fnstcr than
‘1’his incrtxrsc in KI rckrtivc
Im quunlimtcd
I mn Ibis rcsull
UI guw uguinsl ducumpusilim
purk
frqucncy
shift
uccompimirx
Will]
twicr w much Idd
K)ll(l
Imldurls,
pwsihl
y u
MC I c nqw ra t urc ! inc rw w .
oXHIIW w ir(.m (Pe(ox)
:11’c(ox)~~- I= (;. 14: 0.7 I :0.14
i’oll%uum
prrwwt
the sword
IV K~ mu not, Imwcvwl
cOnstuM incrwwal
Uccuusc
to cuuw
4(H) 11111
Ilru (), 7 1(1, “2.5[), illlll “235. Wilh rquimlhrl
nury indicate thut nmru
is Iwing fOrnwd d the expense Of I%(ux)T
lhe tirsl ritepwi,sc. ussociulimr
the
than thw fm
lcvurMil]ility
inl[] IIW ncur [IV wl*rc Iimtd imhwd.
AI 35[] Mm, wc cs[imi~h:
1,, .!, I ,X, lIIH[ (.I:C 3(1, r :(.,,X ‘- S’1O, ~linlx. t
low), 1111(1
,.,,, - I hi” \ , WIIIIC IIw c{lllcsptmdill~ Vulllvs ul
Vi:,.,,xllolil~
(d iltm WI(I IIxr41Nlu utd Ihu lt~g t)l Ilw Mrpwiw
in a rcvcrsihlc
BaaIusc
iII IIIC low
rqwcwnlulivc
cxlwulitl~
i. r.
4.
at 400 nm d IWO FC(OX) +‘s is grder
l~c((ix)~- and I:c3 +, this incrasn
Pc(oa) +
rcdtcd
uhsm hinlj
urd SIJ”I’IN,
pwrks wrm
10 85°C
rihown in Figure
l:u(Ox) I cmuh.1nut ubwmnl Ibr dIc full incrruw.
ut 350 und 400 nm were u,wd to numilor Ilm
ruw[wiutl~m ~)1(PXUIUIC with I:c(lll),
uw rdmwn ill I:iguru
[hr tcrnpcrulurc
l“S.~;
Otlwr sludI12s Iwvo w d
lliAD
und b) ?50 IIM I’m 1,()
IWCUUSCCWH liIll t.i~n~’crsion I(I IhII m[)rr highly
ruom Icmpcrulurc
Mor)l(l
nxnidu
nm nrd 3S0 nm
/ 3.0 nlM OXUIUM pl [ = 1,3 solutions,
absqrtiun
twill tndiurn
IIIV sunlplcs were u.swl wilhin
n] ut 4W
mM Fw.
increasing
cxpcrinwmls
1966; DENfiUX
these cxpcrimcn[s
11(111-coordinulillg”pcrc[l][)ric
Iiupt ill III,. dIIIk
/ 1,0 mM
irwrcmc in dmmplion,
urd SUTIN,
I:urlhrrmtltc,
vs. Iemperulurc
, F&+
oxillic
du nd ulwmrh upprrciubly
[re(lll)-ox
19-/7),
Ahsorhmwc
for 1.0 .“
Ihc
300 nm,
As in prrevious
DIII.LIEN,
c1 Iii,,
Cilll
llly sin(c
cwnplrxcs
IUILI Al-ox
[:uti%nmru,
Ii)r oxulillc.
HI rwml
+“:l%(m)~”
tcmpcralurc),
Ihc 350
.
●
iron.
071
() ~ ;-——.
l—-.
-.-.
21J
o
40
‘W
Itwnwr CI”ILWIhtis implications
production.
imd liOR
implications
for MVT
tcchniqucs,
mdd
for oil migruiiorr,
whilr
oil
[he Ia:!cr CIIUCI has
dcprmits.
—-...
6“0
80‘
I 00
T(C)
‘:igrrrc 5. Ahsorhurw
ut 35(J nm UI u 1.0 mM f:d + , 3.0 nlM
41~ + , illld 1,0 mh! oxalirte duliurr
Arrow’s indiuillc
order in which
Also s!mwn Ihr umpwistm
3s0 nl,l ;Ilw[]rp[ion
(pll ==1.3) VS. ‘1”.
Ilrimhidl,
(;.11.
[u supcrgcnc.
dLapdcncu
lcmpmlurc
[i. untl Ci JvutIiI, L. 1968. S[udio
complussi Al(]ll)-o.ssululo.
muasurcmcnls wuru [alien.
is lhL
Iht[ari.
.Ifmrridh;
for u 1.0 mhl / 1.0 mhf oxillil[(j Illnilry
Cwmiclmul
solulion III pl I = l.3
nnd CrLrur,
D, A. 1987,
In lltel~tlotlytltitt)i(.
Minfvwk,
pohmziomdricu
G(ICL Chim.
Flf(idvr
und 11. P, Eugs[cr);
Orc Hui(ls: Milgm:,lic
Mwlding
md
dci
Iful. : 1004-1013.
M d!s;
(f Gwlt)gilwl
(A,
Rcviuw
,S. E.
I
in Mineralogy
17:
255-321.
Dulliur,
would prudicl apprt]x imdcl y 3 % dccrcasc in ahsorlumcr
mldition of” (Iw Al [[I tin I;C/OX siduli(ln.
okm’ld
upon
Al 20° C, wc
:Ihsolhilllvc”
[l
Ill,
LIUU
350
ill
olll~
I)uiwux,
l~iguru 5 SIN)WS u plt)[ 01”[he
sp~’t ius, M II
1 0 I :C-OX
ln~”ruti.ws f“ilSIUrI]liill K I (1‘u-t)X) 111klW~r
L’V CI lillit [
illL’Rm U SC sho WS
d higlwr
I llill
lcmpcrduws
I Iowcvur.
Icss III*II
cxplnnuli(]ns
pruwnt
dua]mpositiull
uompclili(m
hill
il
lhc
s)slulns.
upon r{ Iurn 1(1ro(ml Icmpur;lluru
Ihr slirrling dwtmplitm.
lhcmwlvcs:
Is
“I-W
cillwr Al prom(llus
(~1’lhc iron oxuldcs
or rqllilibrium
t’OlllI1dlll!)ll
tiivwl
sludius us il imltltrs
signilicnnl
highrr
quunli[iw
Irmpcnrlurw,
.I.-wmsilivily
d’ I:r((lx)
d Ilw uss(wiuliml
ollll’r
f’illlly
I ’1 1 ).WI Y
T IInd Al((m)
~kpcrlnmnl~
irml oxulillc d
hl(tm)~~
Irtnlwru[urr
mixw-1 il~lll/Nllllllilllllll
oxpcl IUWIIIS urt mdmf,
spuuirs.
Cm,
Ii. N.
1990.
illt.ludin~
SllCh
~ et].cxid
drprndrm”r
~mlll:llc r[nllprlililm
III(vA’ lilt M([)X)J
~. Cht’)11. 46:
Nuclv:lr
solulion
“ulcchtdul{) cmnplrx(.s.
- I, ‘Iris-(
hfilgnL’llL.
in uquutN1s
coInpluxes
hl)hdronr
9:
fi13-R23,
Vurnwr,
V.(..
19116. S(mrcrs und spcciulion
silicon
in rurtund wtilcrs.
Evcrd
d
IW”(’:
111Sih(’f)/l
M. 0’Conrror):
01 ulrrminum urd
Iliodlrmi.rrfy
4-23.,
1992. Iixp’crinwnhd
Aluminum
N,,w
York:
(txls. I 1.
J, Wiley
&
s[udy of oxulrdc compluxing
nnd silicu syslcnls,
Y, K,; i~lw,
I.. M.;
Grodtitn.
UIN1
iulll tJII hhilhhvhip
I)iflgwdds
M
Khtiralm,
([1.1..
W. W.;
Y. K.; Muisl,
lxmt~thc,
I JSA , ,4/@,
I ~11null,
A-S.:
I W),
bll/1f’1’tl/tPki.V/J’
Mtiwr
iud Alinrrid
W.W,; I UW,
(’m[llh~.rs,
lW17, Gcodwmislry
Mississippi
I., M.;
l~f nwlul -
Sun Ihmw
Pusin,
(hv~(”hrnl. ~: 543 -5(11.
l’rv)f”m,wi,r, Wmlr M
- sons,
A. I Y7!I. (hwl’hmicdl
.Sdhmmnt #JIIIilI’(JIIIIIrIIf.t.
MM IILy,
1),1:,
wulms
Ild, ) .f$l; I 1 I -122.
P. J,; I:rics, 1’.1.,
Iich Iwlmw frdm (-rnlrul
(d
(iocrlitz,
in hnurlion
diMgcnc~is, In ‘lht’
of UI’gmdr
(hruiicr,
N- A,;
k ’1 1 1 1 1 ’1 [,
Sprctr[ni{’tq]iu
‘1’~wtmlo: J. Wiby
t ),:
Junctky,
i).11.;
(hli”ftlcy, J.S.
rwidcn,.w for t~rgunic diucid
Lxlmplrxultm wilh dimllvrd
silwu ill MlurouN sydom~,
OX#lic Mcltl. or~, (;rIJI#l{wl. 14: S?552H,
M,l(.[hwwl,
UI
r[
uml pcrson[ll communiculi[ms.
Cnrothrrsl
19t14. R(dc 0( orgunic sp,.with dimdvwl
$wlpm
As CW1hc sww t’r~ml IIWSC prdimirrury
invtdving
011”111.
1968. Clwlulcs rJu
o!’ siliwn(l\’)
from si~dinwntury lmsin’~ in minrrul
LIulu, irun okulnlus sccnl VI thmlinidu ul higher Irmpciulurr%,
Iml iilrllwr
R. I..
Sot’i(’t)” (~’ ~<(’f~ll, I’dl’t 1;l/(df)Api,Y/,V
tld
c’ull~lnlll!i, the Iw() K I ‘N 11’u~kwdl
hut
slnmgt’r AI-I)x
[hUll plLdidLd,
tlw Irunwndous
1). 1:,; Pilrr, J.; (ldwr,
Khurirko,
\vl)ulll IL’111111.,
1111lllL’l)n~iSIL’nt~ In lhL” rllolll k’lllpL’rutlll’U i’oll:ud ul[llllilllllll-t~xlllltlu
R.; lkrroit,
(,”(~,rr~lo(’/li/)l,, i(.t{{, suhlnilld
‘l-his Iutlrr L.xplumdion
rding.
Mvillcur,
K~st)Iiiin~~ s[udics
I:uin, J. Il.
uId IIW
mtwsurwl ul’lcr rc-c~xlling tlw syslcm
mt]ru llccurulr
oxitliill’s
S~ms,
in [hu
is only uchicvcd UI higher lcmpwirlurcs,
Iinirl uhsorpliml
rcprusunls
k lllllL’durL’S,
K 1(.FL!-(Jx) mi]rv [hiig uut~’hcs Up
mt~iu rclcvun[ to gc(whumicd
Ihc Asorplioll
signilicunlly
Ih:II K I(AIwx)
IIILIy intllcu[r
hl.;
Icr(l 1I) ~lvcc Llts illli(m~ dimrhokylulcs.
Ilvuns,
An iuitixl dip iu :il)s{)dliill~t
:)f iron
Ac/ii
1383 -131’IH.
~Jl”Icmpurtilurr.
Iuncli(m
propdies
mdium.
.Stwnd. Al 1: 473-479.
only O ~lll;l]] dL’L’rL’iISL’
In ilh~orp[l(~ll ill 35011111,
consis[Lmt wilh [hc two s~udius.
1. 1977, “1.hcllllodyllalllic
nutlmrutus in pL’rthkwilk
d
l), Il. uml Sutihrm,
1(.(’.
ut. id wlltm III oil .Iirhl
~m lw ryliu
1.
I{JHN. l)ilim~’lllmul
WrIlCIHl f)rA’. (kt)(hm.
12: 145-2W.
MiNuhwrd,
11.(;, trml SUhn, N,
t’[~llNhUllN li~l 111(’lt~lnuuion
Irtm(l I I ), lmn~,
l’utkrr,
(’, A, 11)51, A tmw wnsillvr
I(WI
17
I{IIW uml ~quildnium
Ill
( W’111, S: I l!(l(~ I H“lI,
Simw Ilirrls wilh polns~ium
A22(J:
IWI(;.
of Ihr mlmol~xsrlllw (’(lll@rR
rhrnlird
[iv Illlxdntr.
uL.lin~mwtrl
Pn)tl
ltq:.
IYtn,
1.
.
.,C
Scwi\rd,
T.M
19~4. llti
lorn~il[i[]n 01”Ic:d(li)
chloridv
Li)IIlplcxLJs [1) 300” C: A sl]Wtr~\pllt)t(JlllL,[riL. sludy.
w
<i,,,), “him.
Sj(]hurg,
Cuwr]ochit)l.
A LYii 4.9: 121-134.
S. und (Mrmm,
slruclurd
sl;dics
L.-o.
1985, Equililmum
of silicmr(l V)
.ws[mnncc study of spl’ciutirm wrd cquilihriu
ulllllliniulll(
SW,,
lll)-(>xulic
DiIIIiJII
Surdilm.
Tnlm.
R.(”.;
acid-hydroxiclr
J.
syslmn.
in the
(3 ifw .
?665-2669,
130cscl S,\\’,;
Crossuy,
L.hL,nlislry [n” s(’~.t~lldtiry Iwrosily,
lJ./\.
in
andzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Al nuclwlr
aqur(ms sf.~lulirm, I%r! 13. A Polwl[imnclric
n~gnc[ic
id
und uluminium(lll)
hf~l>tm~lld and K.(’,
l..;.
1’)S4. Ilm
In (.l(nrit,
f)ifl,fdm~.h.
SurLlu[ll); .4.4/’(; Alcmoir
(d?,
_J7
:12-)-150,
‘1’honlils, l;.; hlilsion, A.;
& !!lL’vri~r,
I :.;
with UL.CIWCd
sluIJy.
Eflrirwl.
‘I”hyrw, G.[),
ddcllllilliltil)n
Boudu!,
lh]tlL”r[), J .S.;
D. 1991.
Rmilkr,
Aluminum(lll)
t)xtilMtu, A pduntionwtric
Sci.
25:
Y hhif)l.
and I Iwris[m,
W.J.
J,;
spcci;llio[l
:ind Al NM R
1553-1559.
19(~1. l~x[~rllllL’ll[ill
ot IIlc IIwrnmdyml[nic
slilhilily
01”lllL’
Hlul]~inull)-oxilliitt UI~nlplLhX[i[ 25, 50, 70, 100 imd 125’’(:.
(;.S,4A/Mlrf[[’/s }~’il)l /’r(I,vmm,Y 23: I\? 12,