Variable in Social Research Sociology

Variable in Social Research (Sociology) Metode Penelitian Sosial Agenda France Revolution 01 How did the France Revolution Impact Social Science The Enlightenment 02 Scientists during the Renaissance had discovered laws that govern the natural world Sociology 03 The Birth of Sociology Task 04 Watch and Make a Movie Review Section Break Insert the Subtitle of Your Presentation France Revolution Old Regime – socio-political system which existed in most of Europe during the 18th century. Which is countries were ruled by absolutism – the monarch had absolute control over the government. On this regime France only have two Classes of people – privileged and unprivileged Monarch ruled by divine right, God put some people in positions of power, so no one can question someone put in power by God, lead us to believing, if we questioning the monarchy was blasphemy because it meant questioning God As the 18th century drew to a close, France’s costly involvement in the American Revolution, combined with extravagant spending by King Louis XVI, had left France on the brink of bankruptcy. n 1789 i e p o r Eu Timeline Source : Sejarah Revolusi Perancis Edward J. Lowell The Bastille The End of Monarchy The wave of revolutionary fervor and widespread hysteria quickly swept the entire country. Revolting against years of exploitation, peasants looted and burned the homes of tax collectors, landlords and the aristocratic elite. Known as the Great Fear (la Grande peur), the agrarian insurrection hastened the growing exodus of nobles from France and inspired the National Constituent Assembly to abolish feudalism on August 4, 1789, signing what historian Georges Lefebvre later called the “death certificate of the old order.” In April 1792, the newly elected Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria and Prussia, where it believed that French émigrés were building counterrevolutionary alliances; it also hoped to spread its revol August 1789 Mei 1789 July 1789 Estates General To garner support for these measures and forestall a growing aristocratic revolt, the king summoned the Estates General (les états généraux) 1793 1792 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen In late August, the Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen), a statement of democratic principles grounded in the philosophical and political ideas of Enlightenment thinkers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The Death King On January 21, 1793, it sent King Louis XVI, condemned to death for high treason and crimes against the state, to the guillotine; his wife Marie-Antoinette suffered the same fate nine months later. The Enlightenment Intellectuals – philosophes – began to ask if natural laws might also apply to human beings. Particularly to human institutions such as governments Reasoning Used reason and logic to determine how governments are formed and Tried to figure out what logical, rational principles work to tie people to their governments Philosophes were secular in thinking – they used reason and logic, rather than faith, religion, and superstition, to answer important questions New Regime Scientists during the Renaissance had discovered laws that govern the natural world Sociology France Revolution During the French Revolution, which began in 1789, France’s class system changed dramatically. Aristocrats suddenly lost their money and status, while peasants, who had been at the bottom of the social ladder, rose to more powerful and influential positions. Aguste Comte Comte looked at the extensive changes brought about by the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution and tried to make sense of them. He felt that the social sciences that existed at the time, including political science and history, couldn’t adequately explain the chaos and upheaval he saw around him. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial revolution soon followed on in the 1800’s. It played an important part in the establishment of Sociology as it transformed the way of living entirely. There was a major decline in agricultural work as society became industrialised. Emile Durkheim In Durkheim's opinion, the answers of modern societies to these and similar questions had been deeply ambivalent -- i.e., on the one hand, the division of labor seemed to be increasingly viewed as a moral rule. New Steps of Sociology Wright Mills argued that there are three important questions that we need to ask in order to understand society. The first being where does society stand in human history? How did we get to where we are today and what were societies before us like? The second question Mills identified was what is the structure of society as a whole? How the structures interrelate and what their impact is on society. Lastly, in order to understand society, we need to examine what groups of people live in society and how they interact with each other and the institutions. Mills, C. (1959). THANK YOU One Nation, One King (2018)