Des Vies du Bouddha au Kinnaur

Sous la direction de François Jacquesson et Vincent Durand-Dastès Narrativité Comment les images racontent des histoires Des Vies du Bouddha au Kinnaur Ou comment un livret à grand tirage s’est transformé en peintures murales bien loin de son lieu d’édition Lives of Buddha in Kinnaur. How a bestselling booklet turned into mural paintings far away from the place where it was first published Pascale Dollfus Éditeur : Presses de l’Inalco Publication sur OpenEdition Books : 26 septembre 2022 Collection : TransAireS ISBN numérique : 978-2-85831-403-4 https://books.openedition.org Référence numérique Dollfus, Pascale. « Des Vies du Bouddha au Kinnaur ». Narrativité, édité par François Jacquesson et Vincent Durand-Dastès, Presses de l’Inalco, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4000/books.pressesinalco.45336. Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 26 avril 2024. Le format PDF est diffusé sous licence Creative Commons - Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 sauf mention contraire. 1 'HV9LHVGX%RXGGKDDX.LQQDXU 2XFRPPHQWXQOLYUHW¢JUDQGWLUDJHVɛHVWWUDQVIRUP«HQSHLQWXUHV PXUDOHVELHQORLQGHVRQOLHXGɛ«GLWLRQ Lives of Buddha in Kinnaur. How a bestselling booklet turned into mural paintings far away from the place where it was first published Pascale Dollfus S 1 9RLH  GH  SDVVDJH  HQWUH  Oɛ,QGH  HW  OH  7LEHW  OH  .LQQDXU  EDLJQ«  SDU  OD  6XWOHM  IRUPH DXMRXUGɛKXLODSDUWLHRULHQWDOHGHOɛ«WDWLQGLHQGHOɛ+LPDFKDO3UDGHVKGRQWLOFRQVWLWXH XQGHVGRX]HGLVWULFWV )LJb  )LJ/H.LQQDXUSDUPLOHVGLVWULFWVGHOɛ‹WDWGɛ+LPDFKDO3UDGHVK,QGH Narrativité 2 2 'DQV  FHWWH  U«JLRQ  DX[  SD\VDJHV  FRQWUDVW«V  KLQGRXLVPH  HW  ERXGGKLVPH  VRQW LQH[WULFDEOHPHQW  OL«V  GHSXLV  OH  ;HbVLªFOH  DX  PRLQV  $X  .LQQDXU  FHQWUDO  GRQW  LO  HVW TXHVWLRQLFLLOHVWDLQVLIU«TXHQWGHWURXYHUGDQVXQHP¬PHHQFHLQWHXQWHPSOHKLQGRX HW  XQ  WHPSOH  ERXGGKLVWH  VH  IDLVDQW  IDFH  HW  FRQVWUXLWV  VHORQ  OHV  P¬PHV  UªJOHV DUFKLWHFWXUDOHV 3 'HSXLVOɛLQVWDOODWLRQGHTXHOTXHVPLOOLHUVGHU«IXJL«VWLE«WDLQVSDUPLOHVTXHOVXQJUDQG QRPEUHGHUHOLJLHX[¢'KDUDPVDODVXLWH¢OɛH[LOGXTXDWRU]LªPHGDOD±ODPDHQRQ DVVLVWH  ¢  XQH  UHYLWDOLVDWLRQ  GX  ERXGGKLVPH  WLE«WDLQ  GDQV  OD  U«JLRQ  XQ  PRXYHPHQW PDUTX«GDQVOHSD\VDJHSDUODU«QRYDWLRQGɛDQFLHQVWHPSOHVOɛ«GLILFDWLRQGHQRXYHDX[ PRQDVWªUHVHWODFRQVWUXFWLRQGHQRPEUHX[VWXSDVPRXOLQVHWPXUV¢SULªUHV b Les Vies du Bouddha dans les temples de Kalpa et de Telangi 4 ‚.DOSDSHWLWHYLOOHGHTXHOTXHKDELWDQWVSHUFK«H¢bPªWUHVGɛDOWLWXGHVXUOD ULYHGURLWHGHOD6XWOHMIDFHDX.LQQHUb.DLODVKOHWHPSOHERXGGKLVWHFRQQXVRXVOHQRP GH  +XEXODQNDU  UHEDSWLV«  U«FHPPHQW  mb7HPSOH  GH  /RWVDYDb}  FDU  VD  IRQGDWLRQ  HVW DWWULEX«HDXJUDQGWUDGXFWHXU WLElo tsā ba 5LQFKHQ=DQJSRDYXDLQVLVHVSHLQWXUHV QRLUFLHVSDUOHWHPSVHWODIXP«HGHVODPSHV¢KXLOH¬WUHUHFRXYHUWHVSDUGɛDXWUHVSOXV SLPSDQWHVU«DOLV«HV¢EDVHGHSLJPHQWVFKLPLTXHVbSXLVDXG«EXWGHVDQQ«HVOHV DUGRLVHVWUDGLWLRQQHOOHPHQWXWLOLV«HVSRXUODFRXYHUWXUHGHVWRLWVFHQWUDX[ODLVVHUSODFH ¢GHVW¶OHVRQGXO«HVODTX«HVGHMDXQHRXGHURXJH )LJb  )LJ3UªVGɛXQJUDQGFK¸UWHQ VNWstūpa EODQFFRLII«GɛXQWRLWSDJRGH MDXQHOHWHPSOHERXGGKLVWHGH.DOSD 6HSWHPEUH 5 4XHOTXHVNLORPªWUHVYHUVOɛHVWOHWHPSOHGXYLOODJHGH7HODQJL ¢JDXFKHVXUODSKRWR D «W«OXLHQWLªUHPHQWUHFRQVWUXLWLO\DTXHOTXHVDQQ«HV )LJb  )LJ‚JDXFKHVXUPRQW«GɛXQODQWHUQRQOHWHPSOHERXGGKLVWHGH 7HODQJL Narrativité 3 6HSWHPEUH 6 'DQVFHVGHX[OLHX[GHVUHSU«VHQWDWLRQVPRGHUQHVGHOD9LHWHUUHVWUHGX%RXGGKD FRPELQDQWSHLQWXUHVHWWH[WHRUQHQWDXMRXUGɛKXLOHVPXUVGXmbKDOOGɛDVVHPEO«Hb} WLE ‘du khang /HU«FLWG«FRXS«HQLPDJHVVXFFHVVLYHVGHIRUPDWLGHQWLTXHDOLJQ«HVVXU SOXVLHXUVUHJLVWUHVVXLWOHK«URVGHVDGHVFHQWHVRXVODIRUPHGɛXQ«O«SKDQWHDXGDQVOH VHLQGHODUHLQH0Ã\à mb3RXYRLUGɛLOOXVLRQb} FKRLVLHSDUOHbodhisattvaSRXUVRQXOWLPH QDLVVDQFHVXUWHUUHMXVTXɛ¢VDPRUWRXparinirvāṇa mbYRORQWDLUHH[WLQFWLRQGXVRLb}  TXHOTXHTXDWUHYLQJWVDQQ«HVSOXVWDUGSUªVGH.XVKLQDJDU 7 /HVSUHPLHUVSDQQHDX[G«SHLJQHQWDLQVLVXFFHVVLYHPHQWOHU¬YHGHODUHLQH0Ã\ÃOD QDLVVDQFHRXmbDSSDULWLRQb}GH6LGGKDUWÃb*DXWDPDGDQVOH3DUFGH/XPELQLVRQSHX GɛDWWUDLWSRXUOHVMHX[GHVHQIDQWVGXP¬PH¤JHVDMHXQHVVHDXSDODLVSXLVVRQPDULDJH DYHF<DĂRGKDUà mb*ORULHXVHb} HWOHVWURLVVRUWLHVDXFRXUVGHVTXHOOHVOHMHXQHSULQFH UHQFRQWUHWRXU¢WRXUXQYLHLOODUGXQPDODGHHWXQPRUWGHVUHQFRQWUHVG«FLVLYHVTXL G«FLGHQWGHVDYRFDWLRQUHOLJLHXVHHWOHFRQGXLVHQW¢UHQRQFHUDXPRQGHHW¢TXLWWHU .DSLODYDVWXVRQSDODLVHWVDYLHIDVWXHXVH 8 6XLYHQWODFRXSHGHFKHYHX[TXLPDUTXHVRQHQWU«HHQUHOLJLRQODYLVLWH¢GHVDVFªWHVHW ODSUDWLTXHGHVDXVW«ULW«VHQTX¬WHGHOɛ,OOXPLQDWLRQOɛDVVDXWHWODG«IDLWHGH0ÃUD G«PRQGHODPRUWHWGHVSDVVLRQVSXLVOɛDWWHLQWHGHOɛ‹YHLOVRXVXQDUEUH¢%RGKJD\D 9LHQQHQW  HQVXLWH  OHV  HQVHLJQHPHQWV  GH  mbOɛ‹YHLOO«b}  %RXGGKD  HQ  VDQVNULW   VHV SUHPLªUHVFRQYHUVLRQVVRQUHWRXU¢.DSLODYDVWXHWOɛHQWU«HGHVRQILOV5ÃKXODGDQVOH 6DQJKD  OD  FRPPXQDXW«   VHV  SURGLJHV  QRWDPPHQW  OH  PLUDFOH  GH  OD  JUDLQH  HW  OD VXEMXJDWLRQGHOɛ«O«SKDQWIXULHX[HWVDPRUWDOORQJ«VXUXQOLW )LJ9LHGX%RXGGKD7HPSOHGH.DOSD Narrativité 4 /DSKRWRSULVHHQPRQWUHOHVSDQQHDX[¢ )LJ1XP«URWDWLRQHWVHQVGHOHFWXUHGHVGLII«UHQWVSDQQHDX[RX mbFDVHVb}¢.DOSD 9 ‚7HODQJLOHU«FLWVHG«SORLHHQWUHQWHQHXIWDEOHDX[VXUGHX[PXUVIRUPDQWXQDQJOH GURLW )LJ/D9LHGX%RXGGKD 7HPSOHGH7HODQJLI«YULHU Narrativité 5 )LJ1XP«URWDWLRQHWVHQVGHOHFWXUHGHVSDQQHDX[¢7HODQJL 10 /HVTXDWUHSUHPLHUVUHJLVWUHVGXPXUFRPSUHQQHQWFKDFXQWURLVLPDJHVOHVWURLV UHJLVWUHVVXLYDQWVTXLVHSURORQJHQWVXUOHPXUbHQFRPSWHQWVL[GHSOXVVRLWXQWRWDO GH QHXI 6L OɛKLVWRLUH G«EXWH FRPPH ¢ .DOSD HQ KDXW GX PXU OD OHFWXUH VH IDLW LFL KRUL]RQWDOHPHQWOLJQHDSUªVOLJQHHWFHTXLHVWSOXVLQKDELWXHOGHGURLWH¢JDXFKH DYHFSRXUFRQV«TXHQFHOHSODFHPHQWGXGHUQLHUSDQQHDX QRb FHOXLUHSU«VHQWDQWOD PRUWGX%RXGGKD,WRXWHQEDVSUªVGHODSRUWHGɛHQWU«HGXWHPSOHbXQHPSODFHPHQW LQFRQJUXSRXUXQWHO«Y«QHPHQWTXDQGRQFRQQD°WOɛLPSRUWDQFHDFFRUG«H¢ODKDXWHXU DLQVLTXɛ¢ODSODFHGXUDQJGDQVOHPRQGHWLE«WDLQ&ɛHVWXQSHXFRPPHVLGDQVXQH «JOLVH  FRXYHUWH  GH  IUHVTXHV  UDFRQWDQW  OD  9LH  GH -«VXV  RQ  SOD©DLW  OD  FUXFLIL[LRQ  ¢  OD VRUWLHGDQVOɛRPEUHGHODSRUWHSULQFLSDOH 11 'DQVOHVGHX[WHPSOHVOHVUHJLVWUHVVRQWV«SDU«VOHVXQVGHVDXWUHVSDUXQHEDQGHGH FRXOHXUMDXQHRXRUDQJ«VXUODTXHOOHVRQWLQVFULWVHQQRLUOHQXP«UR«FULWHQFKLIIUH DUDEH          HWF   FRUUHVSRQGDQW  ¢  Oɛ«SLVRGH  G«SHLQW  DXGHVVXV  VXLYL  GɛXQH  RX SOXVLHXUVOLJQHVHQKLQGL«FULWHVHQGHYDQÃJDUä 12 6LFHVSHLQWXUHVU«FHQWHV«YRTXHQWGɛDXWUHVSHLQWXUHVPXUDOHVGX7LEHWRFFLGHQWDOSDU OHXUGLVSRVLWLRQHQUHJLVWUHVDLQVLTXHSDUODSU«VHQFHGɛLQVFULSWLRQVUHQVHLJQDQWOHV VFªQHV  SHLQWHV  DXGHVVXV  VXU  XQ  EDQGHDX  FRQWLQX )LJb   HOOHV  HQ  GLIIªUHQW  SDU OɛHVWK«WLTXHOHVW\OHHWOHVSLJPHQWVHPSOR\«VPDLVDXVVLɘbFHTXLLQW«UHVVHGDYDQWDJH QRWUHSURSRVLFLbɘSDUOHV«SLVRGHVFKRLVLVHWODID©RQGHOHVG«SHLQGUH )LJ9LHGX%RXGGKDbHQFDVHVHWHQUHJLVWUHV;9,HbVLªFOH Narrativité 6 0RQDVWªUHGH%DVJR/DGDNK0DUV/HVLQVFULSWLRQVVRQW«FULWHVHQ WLE«WDLQVXUOHEDQGHDXGHFRXOHXUMDXQHTXLV«SDUHFKDTXHUHJLVWUHGH FHOXLSODF«HQGHVVRXV 13 (QFHTXLFRQFHUQHOɛHQIDQFHHWODMHXQHVVHGXIXWXU%RXGGKDSDUH[HPSOHQHVRQW PRQWU«HVQLODYLVLWHDXVDJH$ĂLWDXQ«Y«QHPHQWLPSRUWDQWHQUDLVRQGHODSURSK«WLH IDLWHSDUFHGHUQLHUɘbGHYHQXDGXOWHOɛHQIDQWSRXUUDLWSU«I«UHUODUHOLJLRQDXWU¶QHbɘ H[SOLTXDQW  QRWDPPHQW  OD  FRQGXLWH  GX  URL  āXGGKRGDQD  ¢  Oɛ«JDUG  GH  VRQ  ILOV  QL  OHV QRPEUHXVHV  «SUHXYHV  FDOFXO  OXWWH  QDWDWLRQ  «TXLWDWLRQ  HWF  DX[TXHOOHV  OH  SULQFH 6LGGKDUWÃHQ¤JHGɛ¬WUHPDUL«HVWFRQIURQW«SRXUPRQWUHUVDGH[W«ULW«GDQVOHVDUWVHW REWHQLU GX QREOH āDN\Db'DQGDSÃQL TXɛLO OXL GRQQH VD ILOOH <DĂRGKDUà SRXU SUHPLªUH «SRXVH‚.DOSDFRPPH¢7HODQJLODVHXOHFRPS«WLWLRQ«YRTX«HHVWOHWRXUQRLGHWLU¢ OɛDUFTXLYRLWOHWULRPSKHGH6LGGKDUWÃVHXOFDSDEOHGHEDQGHUOɛDUFGHVRQD±HXO6LƣKD KDQX mb0¤FKRLUHGH/LRQb} TXHGHSXLVVDPRUWSHUVRQQHQɛD«W«FDSDEOHP¬PHGH VRXOHYHU )LJ7HPSOHGH.DOSD3DQQHDXb mb3HUVRQQHQɛDYDLW«W«FDSDEOHGHOHWHQGUH/ɛDUFGH6LƣKDKDQXQH SRXYDLW¬WUHEDQG«>6LGGKDUWÃ@OHWHQGLWHWWLUDGHWRXWHVVHVIRUFHV/D IOªFKHDWWHLJQLWVDFLEOHWUªVORLQb} )LJ7HPSOHGH7HODQJL3DQQHDXb mb/HSULQFH6LGGKDUWÃVHU«Y«ODOHSOXVIRUWHWOHSOXVVDJHGHWRXVOHV SU«WHQGDQWVTXLFRQYRLWDLHQW<DĂRGKDUÃ3HUVRQQHQHSXWOɛ«JDOHUGDQVOH Narrativité 7 PDQLHPHQWGHOɛ«S«HHWGDQVOɛDUWGHPRQWHU¢FKHYDO,OU«XVVLW¢EDQGHU OɛDUFGH6LƣKDKDQXFHTXHQXODXWUHQɛDYDLW«W«FDSDEOHGHIDLUHSXLVLO WLUDXQHIOªFKHTXLDWWHLJQLWVDFLEOHb} 14 (VWRPLVH«JDOHPHQWODGHUQLªUHHWTXDWULªPHVRUWLH RXUHQFRQWUH DXFRXUVGHODTXHOOH OHMHXQHSULQFHUHQFRQWUHXQUHOLJLHX[XQERO¢DXP¶QHV¢ODPDLQbmbW«PRLJQDQWɘbSRXU UHSUHQGUHOHVPRWVGɛ$b)28&+(5 Sb bɘSDUWRXWVRQDVSHFWH[W«ULHXUGHODSDL[ SDUIDLWHGHVRQ¤PHb}HWTXLOXLPRQWUHODYRLH¢VXLYUH 15 A contrarioVRQWUHSU«VHQW«VGHV«SLVRGHVUDUHPHQWG«SHLQWVGDQVOHVSHLQWXUHVGX7LEHW RFFLGHQWDOVLQRQmbFRPPHGHVQRWHVGHEDVGHSDJHb}SRXUUHSUHQGUHOɛH[SUHVVLRQGH 9HUHQDb=,(*/(5  WHOOɛ«SLVRGHGHOɛRLHEOHVV«H .DOSDQ Rb7HODQJLQRb SDUVRQ FRXVLQ'HYDGDWWD mb'LHXGRQQ«b} DXTXHOHVWJ«Q«UDOHPHQWSU«I«U«GDQVOHV9LHVGX %RXGGKD  RUQDQW  OHV  WHPSOHV  WLE«WDLQV  FHOXL  GH  Oɛ«O«SKDQW  EODQF  WX«  SDU  OH  P¬PH 'HYDGDWWDGDQVXQDFFªVGHMDORXVLH )LJ.DOSD3DQQHDX mb8QMRXUXQHRLHYHQXHGXFLHOWRPEDGDQVOHMDUGLQ(OOHDYDLW«W« EOHVV«HSDUXQHIOªFKHWLU«HSDUOHSULQFH'HYDGDWWD6LGGKDUWÃUHWLUDOD IOªFKHQHWWR\DODEOHVVXUHHWSULWOɛRLHGDQVVHVEUDV/RUVTXH'HYDGDWWD DUULYDSRXUU«FODPHUOɛRLHEOHVV«HLOUHIXVDGHODOXLUHQGUH/ɛDIIDLUHIXW WUDLW«HSDUODFRXUUR\DOHTXLVHSURQRQ©DHQIDYHXUGH6LGGKDUWÃFDU Fɛ«WDLWOXLTXLDYDLWVDXY«ODYLHGHOɛRLHb} )LJ7HPSOHGH7HODQJL3DQQHDX mb8QMRXUXQHRLHYHQXHGXFLHOWRPEDGDQVOHMDUGLQ(OOHDYDLW«W« EOHVV«HSDUXQHIOªFKHWLU«HSDUOHSULQFH'HYDGDWWD6LGGKDUWÃUHWLUDOD Narrativité 8 IOªFKHQHWWR\DODEOHVVXUHHWSULWOɛRLHGDQVVHVEUDV/RUVTXH'HYDGDWWD DUULYDSRXUU«FODPHUOɛRLHEOHVV«HLOUHIXVDGHODOXLUHQGUH/ɛDIIDLUHIXW WUDLW«HSDUODFRXUUR\DOHTXLVHSURQRQ©DHQIDYHXUGH6LGGKDUWÃFDU Fɛ«WDLWOXLTXLDYDLWVDXY«ODYLHGHOɛRLH/RUVTXHOɛRLHIXWFDSDEOHGH VɛHQYROHULOODUHPLWHQOLEHUW«b} 16 2X  Oɛ«SLVRGH  LPSRUWDQW  GDQV  OD  WUDGLWLRQ  7KHUDYDGD  PDLV  SHX  UHSU«VHQW«  GDQV  OH ERXGGKLVPH  WLE«WDLQ  GX  EDQGLW  $ƥJXOLPÃOD  mbFROOLHU  GH  GRLJWVb}  TXH  OD  IRUFH  GH ELHQYHLOODQFHTXL«PDQHGHOɛ‹YHLOO«VXEMXJXHHWDSDLVH )LJ7HPSOHGH.DOSD3DQQHDX/H%ULJDQG$ƥJXOLPÃOD )LJ7HPSOHGH7HODQJL3DQQHDX mb‚6KUDYDVWLXQEULJDQGQRPP«$ƥJXOLPÃODU¬YDLWGHWXHUPLOOH SHUVRQQHVHWGHIDEULTXHUXQFROOLHUDYHFOHVGRLJWVGHOHXUVPDLQV,O DYDLWG«M¢PLV¢PRUWSOXVLHXUVSHUVRQQHV/RUVTXH%RXGGKDSDVVDLOVH SU«FLSLWDSRXUIDLUHGHOXLVDSURFKDLQHYLFWLPH0DLVP¬PHHQFRXUDQW SRXUUDWWUDSHU%RXGGKDTXLOXLPDUFKDLW¢XQHYLWHVVHQRUPDOHLOQH Narrativité 9 SDUYLQW¢VɛHQDSSURFKHU(QILQ%RXGGKDOXLILWXQVHUPRQTXLOH FRQGXLVLW¢UHQRQFHUDX0DOb} 17 0DLVSOXVHQFRUHTXHFHVGLII«UHQFHVFHTXLIUDSSHOHYLVLWHXUGHVWHPSOHVGH.DOSDHW GH7HODQJLFɛHVWOɛ«WRQQDQWHVLPLOLWXGHTXHSU«VHQWHQWGDQVODFRPSRVLWLRQGHVVFªQHV FRPPH  GDQV  OHXU  HVWK«WLTXH  OHV  SHLQWXUHV  GH  FHV  GHX[  WHPSOHV  U«DOLV«HV  ¢  GHX[ G«FHQQLHVGɛLQWHUYDOOHSDUGHVDUWLVWHVGLII«UHQWV/HVSHLQWXUHVGH7HODQJLVHUDLHQWHOOHV XQHFRSLHGHFHOOHVGH.DOSDb"/ɛK\SRWKªVHHVWV«GXLVDQWHPDLVXQUHJDUGDWWHQWLIOD G«PHQW DXVVLW¶W (Q HIIHW GHV «SLVRGHV ILJXU«V ¢ 7HODQJL VRQW DEVHQWV ¢ .DOSD PDLV VXUWRXWOHVO«JHQGHVLQVFULWHVDXGHVVRXVGHFKDTXHSDQQHDXSHLQWVRQW¢GHX[RXWURLV H[FHSWLRQVSUªVWRXW¢IDLWGLII«UHQWHV YRLUOHVH[HPSOHVFLGHVVXV ,OQɛHPS¬FKHOHV DUWLVWHV  TXL  RQW  U«DOLV«  FHV  SHLQWXUHV  PXUDOHV  RQW  HX  OD  P¬PH  VRXUFH  GɛLQVSLUDWLRQ ODTXHOOHQɛHVWYUDLVHPEODEOHPHQWSDV¢FKHUFKHUGDQVOHVQRPEUHX[WH[WHVUDFRQWDQWOD YLHGX%RXGGKD LOQɛHQH[LVWHSDVGHmbYHUVLRQRIILFLHOOHb} QLGDQVOHVSHLQWXUHVOD PHWWDQWHQVFªQHGLVSRQLEOHGDQVODU«JLRQ b Un livret bon marché pour modèle 18 /ɛLGHQWLILFDWLRQGHFHWWHVRXUFHGɛLQVSLUDWLRQFRPPXQHVHUDLWUHVW«HVDQVU«SRQVHVDQV OɛKHXUHXVHLQWHUYHQWLRQGH.XQ]DQJb1DPJ\DOb/DPDKLVWRULHQQHGHOɛDUWQ«HDX1«SDO DXVVL¢OɛDLVHHQQ«SDOLHWHQWLE«WDLQTXɛHQKLQGLHWERXGGKLVWH5HJDUGDQWOHVSKRWRV GHVSHLQWXUHVGH.DOSDHWGH7HODQJLQRWDPPHQWFHOOHVUHSU«VHQWDQWOɛ«SLVRGHGHOɛRLH EOHVV«HOHXUVUHVVHPEODQFHVDYHFGHVGHVVLQVSU«VHQWVGDQVXQOLYUHTXHOXLOLVDLHQWVHV SDUHQWVTXDQGHOOH«WDLWHQIDQWODIUDSSªUHQW/HOLYUHIXWUHWURXY«GDQVOHVDIIDLUHVGHOD IDPLOOHHWDYHFOXLODVRXUFHGɛLQVSLUDWLRQGHVSHLQWUHVGH.DOSDHWGH7HODQJL%LHQORLQ GHV9LHVGX%RXGGKDUDFRQW«HVSDUOHVinayaGHV MūlasarvāstivādinOHLalitavistaraOH Mahāvastu  RX  OH  Buddhacarita  RX  HQFRUH  GHV  GLII«UHQWHV  YHUVLRQV  WLE«WDLQHV  GHV mb'RX]HDFWHVb}DXWDQWGHWH[WHVDSSHO«V¢ODUHVFRXVVHSDUOHVKLVWRULHQVGHOɛDUWRXGHV UHOLJLRQVSRXULGHQWLILHUWHOOHVFªQHRXWHOOHDXWUHILJXU«HVVXUXQHSHLQWXUHVFXOSW«HV VXUXQOLQWHDXGHSRUWHHQERLVRXXQHVWªOHHQSLHUUHODVRXUFHGɛLQVSLUDWLRQGHFHV SHLQWUHVQɛ«WDLWSDVXQUHFXHLOLFRQRJUDSKLTXHXQPDQXHOGHSHLQWXUH WLE. bris yig  PDLVXQOLYUHWGɛXQHWUHQWDLQHGHSDJHVLQWLWXO«BuddhalīlaRXmbOHV-HX[>GLYLQV@GH %RXGGKDb}LPSULP«HQQRLUHWEODQFVXUGXPDXYDLVSDSLHUGDQVOHVDQQ«HV¢ %RGKJD\DODYLOOHGHOɛ‹WDWGX%LKDUR»6LGGKDUWÃ*DXWDPDDWWHLQWOɛ,OOXPLQDWLRQRX Oɛ«WDWGH%RXGGKDHWODUJHPHQWGLIIXV« 19 &KDTXHGRXEOHSDJHGHFHOLYUHWFRPSUHQGHQHIIHWGɛXQF¶W«WURLVSHWLWVWH[WHVHQ SURVHU«GLJ«VHQXQKLQGLP¤WLQ«GHVDQVNULWHWGHOɛDXWUHSRXUOHVLOOXVWUHUWURLV LPDJHVGHIRUPDWUHFWDQJXODLUHGRW«HFKDFXQHGɛXQWLWUHHWO«JHQG«HSDUXQHVWURSKH GHTXHOTXHVYHUV'DQVODGRXEOHSDJH )LJb TXLUHODWHODQDLVVDQFHHWOɛHQIDQFHGX IXWXUbodhisattvaOHVWURLVLPDJHVRQWDLQVLSRXUWLWUHbmb/HU¬YHGH0Ã\ÃGHYäb} LQVFULW VRXV  Oɛ«O«SKDQWHDX  GDQV  OD  EXOOH   mb/ɛDSSDULWLRQb}  DXGHVVXV  GH  OɛHQIDQW  IDLVDQW  VHV SUHPLHUVSDV HWmb/HVMHX[ GLYLQV GHOɛHQIDQWb}DXGHVVXVGHOɛHQIDQWG«ODLVVDQWVHV MRXHWV  «SDUSLOO«V  GHYDQW  OXL  HW  TXH  UHJDUGHQW  DYHF  LQTXL«WXGH  3UDMD̄SDWL̄b*DXWDPL̄  VD PªUH  DGRSWLYH  TXL  Oɛ«OªYH  GHSXLV  OD  PRUW  GH  OD  UHLQH  0Ã\à  HW  VRQ  SªUH  OH  URL āXGGKRGDQD Narrativité 10 )LJ8QHGRXEOHSDJHGXOLYUHWLQWLWXO«BuddhalīlambOHVMHX[>GLYLQV@GX %RXGGKDb} 20 /HVSHLQWUHVRQWUHSURGXLWTXDVL¢OɛLGHQWLTXHOHVLPDJHVGHFHOLYUHWDSUªVOHVDYRLU DJUDQGLHVSRXUOHVPHWWUH¢Oɛ«FKHOOHGXWHPSOHHWOHVRQWPLVHVHQFRXOHXU3XLVHX[ P¬PHVRXGHVVFULEHVRQWUHFRSL«OHWH[WHHQYHUVRXHQSURVHVɛ\UDSSRUWDQWRPHWWDQW SDUIRLVXQPRWYRLUHODILQGɛXQHSKUDVHTXDQGFHOXLFLVHU«Y«ODLWWURSORQJSRXU mbWHQLUb}GDQVOHEDQGHDXSU«YXSRXUOɛDFFXHLOOLU FRPPH¢.DOSDGDQVOɛH[HPSOHGH OɛRLVHDXEOHVV«G«WDLOO«FLGHVVXV  21 (QJ«Q«UDO¢.DOSDFHVRQWOHVVWURSKHVYHUVLIL«HVSU«VHQWHVVRXVFKDTXHLOOXVWUDWLRQ TXL RQW «W« UHWHQXHV WDQGLV TXɛ¢ 7HODQJL FH VRQW OHV TXHOTXHV OLJQHV HQ SURVH OHXU IDLVDQWIDFHTXLRQW«W«VRLJQHXVHPHQWUHFRSL«HV 22 3UHQRQV  SDU  H[HPSOH  OH  GHX[LªPH  SDQQHDX  TXL  GDQV  OHV  GHX[  WHPSOHV  G«FULW  OD QDLVVDQFHGDQVOH3DUFGH/XPELQLGHFHOXLTXLDOODLWGHYHQLUOH%RXGGKDbRQYRLW¢ GURLWHGHOɛLPDJHODUHLQH0Ã\ÃVHWHQDQW¢XQDUEUHOHEDVGHVRQFRUSVFDFK«DX[ UHJDUGVSDUXQWLVVXWHQGXSDUWURLVVHUYDQWHVHW¢JDXFKHOɛHQIDQW¢SHLQHQ«IDLUHVHV SUHPLHUVSDVHWVRXVFKDFXQGɛHX[VXUJLUXQORWXV‚.DOSDFHWWHLPDJHHVWO«JHQG«HSDU FHYHUVHWb 'DQVODIRU¬WGH/XPELQLLO\DYDLWXQJUDQGsāl /DPªUHVɛDSSX\D¢XQHEUDQFKH ‚SHLQHQ«%RXGGKDILWVHSWSDV (WVRXVFKDFXQGɛHX[VXUJLWXQHIOHXUGHORWXV 23 ‚7HODQJLLOHVWGLWb /D UHLQH IXW HQFHLQWH OH MRXU P¬PH $ORUV TXɛHOOH VH UHQGDLW FKH] VRQ SªUH HOOH VɛDUU¬WD  GDQV  OD  IRU¬W  GH  /XPELQL  /¢  VɛDSSX\DQW  ¢  OD  EUDQFKH  GɛXQ  DUEUH  VDQV DXFXQHGLIILFXOW«HOOHDFFRXFKDGɛXQILOV'ªVVDQDLVVDQFHFHWHQIDQWPLUDFXOHX[ILW VHSWSDVbHWGHFKDFXQHGHVHVHPSUHLQWHV>ODLVV«HV@GDQVOHVROXQHIOHXUGHORWXV VXUJLW 24 (QJ«Q«UDOɣ&DURQFRPSWH¢.DOSDGHX[SDQQHDX[ HW SRXUOHVTXHOVOHWH[WHHQ SURVH  GX  OLYUHW  D  «W«  UHWHQX  HW  LQYHUVHPHQW  ¢  7HODQJL  GHX[  SDQQHDX[    HW   O«JHQG«VHQYHUV 9RLUOHWDEOHDXFRPSDUDWLIHQDQQH[H  Narrativité 11 25 2XWUHODFRXYHUWXUH HQFRXOHXUV HWOHIURQWLVSLFHTXLRUQHODSUHPLªUHSDJHmbOHV-HX[ GLYLQV  GX  %RXGGKDb}  FRPSUHQQHQW  TXDUDQWHKXLW  LOOXVWUDWLRQV  bFPb[bbFP  4XDUDQWHTXDWUHGɛHQWUHHOOHVRQW«W«UHSURGXLWHV¢.DOSDGRQWTXDUDQWHWURLVGDQV OɛRUGUHGXOLYUHW6HXOHODGHUQLªUHLPDJHɘbOHVKXLWVWXSDVUHQIHUPDQWOHVUHOLTXHVGX %RXGGKDDSUªVVDFU«PDWLRQbɘHVWSODF«HSRXUXQHUDLVRQTXLQRXV«FKDSSHKRUVGH WRXWH  FKURQRORJLH  VRXV  OH  SDQQHDX  QRb  PRQWUDQW  6LGGKDUWà  SDUWL  GX  SDODLV  HW WUDYHUVDQWXQHULYLªUHVXUVRQFKHYDOELHQDLP«VRQILGªOHFRFKHUHQWHQDQWODTXHXH &HWWHLPDJHHVWGɛDLOOHXUVODVHXOH¢Qɛ¬WUHQLO«JHQG«HQLQXP«URW«H3DUPLOHVTXDWUH «SLVRGHV  QRQ  UHSU«VHQW«V  ¢  .DOSD  VL  mb/H  YRO  GH  OɛDJQHDXb}  HW  mb/D  YLVLWH  GX  URL 3UDVHQMLWb}VRQW«JDOHPHQWDEVHQWVGH7HODQJLmb/DSDFLILFDWLRQGXVHUSHQWYHQLPHX[b} HWmb/HVHUPRQDXyakṣab}\VRQWHQUHYDQFKHUHSURGXLWV 7HODQJLQR bHWQR b 'DQV FHWHPSOHPDQTXHQWHQRXWUH¢OɛDSSHOmb/DFRPSDVVLRQHQYHUVOHGDLPb} .DOSDQR b  mb/ɛHQVHLJQHPHQW  JU¤FH  DX  FKDQW  GHV  IHPPHV  PXVLFLHQQHVb}  .DOSD  Q R b   mb/D GHPDQGHGXURL%LPEDVDUD¢OHVXLYUH>OH%RXGGKD@b} .DOSDQ R b PDLVDXVVLmb/H FROOLHUPLVDXWRXUGXFRX>GH6LGGKDUWÃ@SDU<DĂRGKDUÃb}TXLVLJQHOHXUPDULDJH .DOSD QRb HWEHDXFRXSSOXV«WRQQDQWHQFRUHmbOH3UHPLHU6HUPRQ¢6DUQDWKb} .DOSDQRb  XQ«SLVRGHIRQGDWHXUGXERXGGKLVPHGDQVOHTXHOmbOɛ‹YHLOO«b} ERXGGKDHQVDQVFULW H[SRVHOHV4XDWUH1REOHV9«ULW«VHWOH6HQWLHU2FWXSOHTXLGRLYHQWPHQHU¢ODOLE«UDWLRQ FRPSOªWHHWG«ILQLWLYHGHVLQGLYLGXV 26 'HVFKRL[RQWGRQF«W«IDLWVbSDUOHSHLQWUHOHFRPPDQGLWDLUHGHOɛüXYUHRXOHUHOLJLHX[ HQ  FKDUJH  GX  WHPSOHb"  /D  TXHVWLRQ  UHVWH  RXYHUWH  &HUWDLQV  LQGLFHV  QRXV  FRQGXLVHQW WRXWHIRLV¢SHQVHUTXHODV«OHFWLRQGHV«SLVRGHVFRPPHOHXUU«SDUWLWLRQGDQVOɛHVSDFH GXWHPSOHUHOªYHUDLHQWSOXW¶WGHODG«FLVLRQGXSHLQWUH2PHWWUHmbOH3UHPLHU6HUPRQ¢ 6DUQDWKb}DXSURILWGɛ«SLVRGHVEHDXFRXSSOXVDQHFGRWLTXHVHWSODFHUOHmahāparinirvāṇa SUªVGXVHXLOXQHSODFHU«VHUY«HWUDGLWLRQQHOOHPHQWDX[SHUVRQQHVVLWX«HVDXSOXVEDV «FKHORQGHODVRFL«W«VHPEOHQWHQHIIHWGHVFKRL[SRXUOHPRLQVVXUSUHQDQWVGHODSDUW GɛXQ  UHOLJLHX[  RX  GH  ELHQIDLWHXUV  SULY«V  FKHUFKDQW  ¢  DVVXUHU  DLQVL  SRXU  HX[  RX  GHV SDUHQWVFKHUVOHVFRQGLWLRQVQ«FHVVDLUHV¢XQHELHQKHXUHXVHUHQDLVVDQFH b Des peintures didactiques ? 27 /ɛ«SRTXH  HVW  U«YROXH  R»  URLV  HW  SULQFHV  IDLVDLHQW  FRQVWUXLUH  GHV  WHPSOHV  HW  OHV G«FRUDLHQW$XMRXUGɛKXLFHVRQWGHVDVVRFLDWLRQVERXGGKLVWHVVRXYHQWDEULW«HVSDUGHV PRQDVWªUHV TXL UHPSOLVVHQW FH U¶OH ODQ©DQW GHV VRXVFULSWLRQV SRXU OD FRQVWUXFWLRQ GɛXQ JUDQG %RXGGKD RX OHV SHLQWXUHV GɛXQ QRXYHO mbKDOO GɛDVVHPEO«Hb} HW HQYR\DQW OHXUVPHPEUHVFROOHFWHUGHVGRQVHQWRXWHRFFDVLRQSURSLFH 28 ‚OɛLPDJHGH.DOSDR»OHWHPSOHERXGGKLVWHHWOHWHPSOHKLQGRXGH1DUD\DQ1DJLQL U«XQLVGDQVXQHP¬PHHQFHLQWHVDFU«HVHIRQWIDFHHWDFFXHLOOHQWSDUIRLVOHVP¬PHV YLVLWHXUVQRPEUHGHYLOODJHRLVDX.LQQDXUDFFRPSOLVVHQWHWSDUWLFLSHQW¢GHVULWXHOV GRQWRQQHVDXUDLWVRXYHQWGLUH¢TXHOOHUHOLJLRQLOVDSSDUWLHQQHQWVDQVSRXUDXWDQW SRXYRLUSDUOHUGHV\QFU«WLVPH 29 'DQVXQWHOFRQWH[WHOHFKRL[GHSUHQGUHSRXUPRGªOHXQOLYUHWGLIIXV«¢GHVPLOOLHUV GɛH[HPSODLUH  UDFRQWDQW  HQ  KLQGL  OD  9LH  GX  %RXGGKD  W«PRLJQH  GɛXQH  LQWHQWLRQ S«GDJRJLTXH«YLGHQWH(QHIIHWVLOHVYLOODJHRLVSDUOHQWHQWUHHX[OH.LQQDXULFHWWH ODQJXHQHVɛ«FULWSDVHWODODQJXHTXɛLOVVRQWDXMRXUGɛKXLOHSOXVQRPEUHX[¢G«FKLIIUHU HVW  OɛKLQGL  ODQJXH  HQVHLJQ«H  DYHF  OɛDQJODLV  ¢  Oɛ«FROH  HW  ODUJHPHQW  GLIIXV«H  SDU  OHV MRXUQDX[OHVSDQQHDX[SXEOLFLWDLUHVRXURXWLHUVHWODW«O«YLVLRQ/HWLE«WDLQHQHIIHW Narrativité 12 QɛHVWSOXVDXMRXUGɛKXLQLOXQLFRPSULVGDQVFHWWHU«JLRQGX.LQQDXUHWFHVRQWGHV PRLQHVRXGHVUHOLJLHX[YHQDQWGX6SLWLRXLVVXVGHVFRPPXQDXW«VWLE«WDLQHVHQH[LOTXL VRQWHQFKDUJHGHVWHPSOHVERXGGKLVWHVHWYLHQQHQWOLUHGDQVOHVYLOODJHVOHVWH[WHV FDQRQLTXHV  GX  %RXGGKLVPH  RX  RUJDQLVHU  OHV  ULWXHOV  IXQ«UDLUHV  ¢  OD  GHPDQGH  GHV IDPLOOHVERXGGKLVWHV 30 0DLVFHVSHLQWXUHVDWWHLJQHQWHOOHVOHEXWYLV«SDUOHVDVVRFLDWLRQVTXLOHVRQWILQDQF«HVb HQVHLJQHUOHVJUDQGV«Y«QHPHQWVGHOD9LHGX%RXGGKDDX[KRPPHVHWDX[IHPPHV YLVLWDQWFHVWHPSOHVb"5LHQQɛHVWPRLQVV½U(QHIIHWOɛH[S«ULHQFHOHPRQWUHOHVILGªOHV TXDQG  LOV  VH  UHQGHQW  GDQV  XQ  WHPSOH  YLHQQHQW  SRXU  Vɛ\  SURVWHUQHU  HW  IDLUH  GHV RIIUDQGHVɘbKXLOHSRXUOHVODPSHVHQFHQVHWQXP«UDLUHbɘTXɛLOVFRQILHQWDXUHOLJLHX[HQ FKDUJHGXWHPSOHHWQHUHJDUGHQWSDVOHVSHLQWXUHVPXUDOHVSORQJ«HVHQRXWUHGDQV OɛREVFXULW«HWGRQWODSDUWLHLQI«ULHXUHHVWELHQVRXYHQWFDFK«HGHUULªUHGHVWDEOHVRX GHV DPRQFªOHPHQWV GH FDUWRQV FRQWHQDQW GHV REMHWV Q«FHVVDLUHV DX FXOWH /D VHXOH SHLQWXUHGHYDQWODTXHOOH«YHQWXHOOHPHQWLOVVɛDWWDUGHQWHVWVLWX«H¢OɛH[W«ULHXU,OVɛDJLW GHOD5RXHGHOD9LH WLEsrid-pa’i ‘khor-lo TXLLOOXVWUHOɛRUJDQLVDWLRQGHOɛXQLYHUVPDW«ULHO HWG«WDLOOHGHID©RQVRXYHQWFUXHOHVWURLVPRQGHVLQI«ULHXUVHWSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWOHV GLII«UHQWVWRXUPHQWVTXHOɛRQVXELWDX[HQIHUVFHX[FL«WDQWSODF«V¢KDXWHXUGHYXH /HVPLVVLRQQDLUHVPRUDYHVSU«VHQWVGDQVODU«JLRQ¢ODILQGX;,;HbVLªFOHQHVɛ\VRQWSDV WURPS«VTXLRQWFKRLVLFHPRGªOHSRXUHQVHLJQHUOD9LHHWOD3DVVLRQGX&KULVW )LJmb5RXHGHOD9LHb} 0RQDVWªUHGH6WRN/DGDNK 31 (QVXLWHTXDQGELHQP¬PHOHVSHLQWXUHV¢OɛLQW«ULHXUGXWHPSOHVHUDLHQW«FODLU«HVHWOHV G«YRWV  OHV  UHJDUGHUDLHQW  HOOHV  QɛHQ  GHPHXUHUDLHQW  SDV  PRLQV  GLIILFLOHPHQW FRPSU«KHQVLEOHVVDQVXQJXLGHFDSDEOHGHOHVFRPPHQWHUHWGHUDFRQWHUOɛKLVWRLUHHW OHV«YªQHPHQWVTXɛHOOHVLOOXVWUHQW Narrativité 13 32 &DUFHVLPDJHVVXFFHVVLYHVGRQWOH%RXGGKDHVWOHSULQFLSDOSURWDJRQLVWHVLQRQOHVHXO QHIRUPHQWSDVXQU«FLW&HQWU«HVVXUHOOHVP¬PHVHOOHVQHVRQWSDVOL«HVHQWUHHOOHV FRQWUDLUHPHQW  DX[  KLVWRLUHV  VDQV  SDUROH  HW  DX[  EDQGHV  GHVVLQ«HV  DX[TXHOOHV  FHV SHLQWXUHVPXUDOHVHQUDLVRQGHOHXUGLVSRVLWLRQHQEDQGHVVRQWVRXYHQWFRPSDU«HVHW GRQWFKDTXHLPDJHFKDTXHFDVHHVWFRQ©XHHQIRQFWLRQGHVDXWUHVHWGDQVOHFRQWH[WH GHODSODQFKH 33 /DSOXSDUWGHVYLVLWHXUVQɛRQWSDVmbDSSULVb}OɛKLVWRLUHGX%RXGGKD/HERXGGKLVPHQɛD HQHIIHWSDVSURGXLWGHmbFDW«FKLVPHb}FRPPHOD5«IRUPHSURWHVWDQWHSXLVGHOɛ‹JOLVH FDWKROLTXH  'DQV  OH  PRQGH  WLE«WDLQ  VL  OHV  HQIDQWV  DSSUHQQHQW  WUªV  W¶W  FRPPHQW  VH FRPSRUWHUGDQVXQOLHXVDLQWVDOXHUXQPRLQHRXVHSURVWHUQHUGHWRXWOHXUFRUSVLOV QɛRQWSDVGHFRXUVGɛ«GXFDWLRQUHOLJLHXVHDXVHQVR»RQOɛHQWHQGHQ(XURSHSHQGDQW OHVTXHOVRQOHXUDSSUHQGUDLWTXLHVW%RXGGKDHWTXHOOHIXWVDYLHRX¢UHFRQQD°WUHOHV GLII«UHQWHVGLYLQLW«VHWOHVJUDQGVPD°WUHVGXERXGGKLVPHWLE«WDLQ,OHQHVWGHP¬PH GDQVOHVPRQDVWªUHVR»OHVQRYLFHVOLVHQWHWUHOLVHQWOHVWH[WHVFDQRQLTXHVVDQVTXɛXQH H[SOLFDWLRQVXUOHXUFRQWHQXVRLWGRQQ«H5LHQHQVRPPHTXLUHVVHPEOH¢OɛDFWLYLW«GH SDUROHGHOɛRUGUHGXGLVFRXUVTXLHVWFHOOHGHODFDW«FKªVH OLWmbDFWLRQGɛLQVWUXLUHGH YLYHYRL[b} 3RXUEHDXFRXSGHYLVLWHXUVUHJDUGHUOHVSHLQWXUHVTXLRUQHQWOHVPXUV GɛXQ  WHPSOH  UHYLHQW  ¢  UHJDUGHU  XQH  JDOHULH  GH  WDEOHDX[  GRQW  FHUWDLQV  YRXV  VRQW IDPLOLHUVPDLVGRQWRQQHVDLWU«HOOHPHQWFHTXɛLOVUDFRQWHQW/DSOXSDUWLGHQWLILHQWmbOD 1DLVVDQFH  GX  %RXGGKDb}  mbOɛ‹YHLO  VRXV  XQ  DUEUHb}  mbOH  Parinirvāṇab}  GHV  LPDJHV LFRQLTXHVPDLQWHVIRLVUHSURGXLWHVFRPSDUDEOHVSRXUOHVERXGGKLVWHVDX[LPDJHVTXH VRQWOD1DWLYLW«RXOD&UXFLIL[LRQGX&KULVWGDQVOHPRQGHFKU«WLHQPDLVJXªUHSOXV(Q OɛDEVHQFHGɛXQJXLGHSRXUUDFRQWHUOHU«FLWGDQVOHTXHOVɛLQVªUHQWFHVLPDJHVOHVPXUV TXLOHVSRUWHQWUHVWHQWPXHWVRXSDUIRLVLQVSLUHQW¢FHX[TXLOHVUHJDUGHQWXQHKLVWRLUH ELHQGLII«UHQWHGHFHOOHUDFRQW«HSDUOHOLYUHWTXLHQD«W«ODVRXUFH&RPPHOHUDSSHODLW -HDQb6‹*8<   S   ¢  OɛRFFDVLRQ  GɛXQ  FROORTXH  FRQVDFU«  ¢  OɛLPDJHULH  UHOLJLHXVH SRSXODLUHmbFHUWHVWRXWHLPDJHHQVHLJQHTXDQGRQODOLWPDLVRQODOLWSDUFHTXHOɛRQ VDLWGHODOHFWXUHb} )LJ/HOLYUHWLOOXVWU«¢.DOSDHW7HODQJL Narrativité 14 7DEOHDXFRPSDUDWLIPRQWUDQWOHVLOOXVWUDWLRQVSU«VHQWHVGDQVOHOLYUHW D\DQWVHUYLGHPRGªOHHWOHXUUHSURGXFWLRQ RXQRQ GDQVOHVWHPSOHVGH .DOSD . HWGH7HODQJL 7 DYHFODQXP«URWDWLRQGXSDQQHDXSDU H[HPSOHmb-HX[ GLYLQ GHOɛHQIDQWb}.7 )LJ9LHGX%RXGGKD¢.DOSDHW7HODQJL Narrativité 15 BIBLIOGRAPHIE %$87=(3,&521&ODXGLQHɝāÃN\DPXQLLQ(DVWHUQ,QGLDDQG7LEHWLQWKHWKWRWKH WK&HQWXULHVɞLQSilk Road Art and ArchaeologyYRObSbɖ )28&+(5$>@La vie du Bouddha, d’après les textes et les monuments de l’Inde$GULHQ 0DLVRQQHXYHbS -$&.621'DYLG -DQLFHLa peinture tibétaine,'RPDLQH7LE«WDLQ3HXSOHVGXPRQGH 3DULVbS ./,0%85*6$/7(5'HERUDK(ɝ7KH7XFFL$UFKLYH3UHOLPLQDU\6WXG\7KH/LIHRI WKH%XGGKDLQ:HVWHUQ+LPDOD\DQ0RQDVWLF$UWDQG,WV,QGLDQ2ULJLQV$FW2QHɞLQEast and WestYRObQRbɖSbɖ ./,0%85*6$/7(5'HERUDK( Tabo: a Lamp for the Kingdom: Early Indo-Tibetan Buddhist art in the Western Himalaya7KDPHV +XGVRQ/RQGRQbS 0$57,11LOVLa Vie du Buddha au lHa tho lha khang d’Alchi0«PRLUHGHUHFKHUFKHGH SUHPLªUHDQQ«HGH0DVWHUQRQSXEOL«‹FROH3UDWLTXHGHV+DXWHV‹WXGHV3DULVbYRO 0$57,11LOVLes peintures murales du Tsatsapuri dgon pa à Alchi (Jammu-et-Cachemire, Inde)0«PRLUHGHUHFKHUFKHGHGHX[LªPHDQQ«HGH0DVWHUQRQSXEOL«‹FROH3UDWLTXH GHV+DXWHV‹WXGHV3DULVbYRO /8&=$1,76&KULVWLDQɝ7KH/LIHRIWKH%XGGKDLQWKH6XPWVHNɞLQOrientationsYRO QRbSbɖ 48,170$1$QGUHZ 6&+$())(5.XUWLV5ɝ7KH/LIHRIWKH%XGGKDDW5WDJEUWDQ 3KXQWVKRJVJOLQJ0RQDVWHU\LQ7H[W,PDJHDQG,QVWLWXWLRQ$3UHOLPLQDU\2YHUYLHZɞ LQJournal of TibetologyQRbSb 6(*8<-HDQmb,PDJHVHWɝUHOLJLRQSRSXODLUHɞb}LQArchives de sciences sociales des religionsQRbSb =,(*/(59HUHQDɝ$3UHOLPLQDU\5HSRUWRQWKH/LIHRI%XGGKDāÃN\DPXQLLQWKH 0XUDOVRIWKH&LUFXPDPEXODWRU\RIWKH3UDM³ÃSÃUDPLWÃ&KDSHOLQ=KDOXɞin+(//(5b$P\ HG The Arts of Tibetan Painting. Recent Research on Manuscripts, Murals and Thangkas of Tibet, the Himalayas and Mongolia (11th-19th century). 3,$769DQFRXYHU,Asian Art KWWSZZZDVLDQDUWFRPDUWLFOHV]LHJOHULQGH[KWPO =,(*/(59HUHQDɝ7KH/LIHRI%XGGKDāÃN\DPXQLLQWKH%\DPVSDOKDNKDQJRI %DVJR/DGDNKɞin/,1527+(5RE 3˜//+HLQULFK HGV Visible Heritage. Essays on the Art and Architecture of Greater Ladakh6WXGLR2ULHQWDOLD%HUOLQSb NOTES DE BAS DE PAGE 1. Ɍ&HWDUWLFOHHVWLVVXGX3URMHWmb1DUUDWLYLW«b} 3DUROHV7H[WHV,PDJHV R»QRXV DYRQVIDLWGHQRPEUHXVHVHQTX¬WHVVXUmbOHVU«FLWVHQLPDJHVb}FRQIURQW«V¢OHXUV VRXUFHVWH[WXHOOHVGDQVSOXVLHXUVWUDGLWLRQVFXOWXUHOOHVHWUHOLJLHXVHVGDQVOɛ+LPDOD\D RFFLGHQWDOLQGLHQERXGGKLVWHDXWRXUGHOD9LHGX%RXGGKDHWGHOD9LHGH0LODU«SD Narrativité 16 PDLVDXVVLHQ(XURSHQRWDPPHQWDXWRXUGHOD9LHGH-«VXV/HSURMHWD«W«ILQDQF«GH ¢SDU3DULV6RUERQQH&LW« 7RXVPHVUHPHUFLHPHQWV¢+DULWb-RVKLTXLDWUDGXLWSRXUPRLOHVLQVFULSWLRQV«FULWHVHQ GHYDQÃJDUäSRUW«HVVXUOHVSHLQWXUHV(FULWXUHDOSKDV\OODEDLUHXWLOLV«HSRXUOHVDQVNULW OHSUÃNULWOHKLQGLOHQ«SDOLOHPDUDWKLHWSOXVLHXUVDXWUHVODQJXHVLQGLHQQHVOH GHYDQÃJDUäHVWXQHGHV«FULWXUHVOHVSOXVHPSOR\«HVHQ,QGHGX1RUGHWDX1«SDO 2. Ɍ/RWVDZD WLElo tsā ba bWLWUHGRQQ«DX[WUDGXFWHXUVWLE«WDLQVTXLWUDYDLOOªUHQWMDGLV DYHFOHV«UXGLWVLQGLHQV¢ODWUDGXFWLRQHQWLE«WDLQGHVWH[WHVERXGGKLVWHVPDMHXUV GHSXLVOHVDQVNULWHWGɛDXWUHVODQJXHVDVLDWLTXHV2QDGPHWHQJ«Q«UDOTXHFHWHUPH SURYLHQWGɛXQHG«IRUPDWLRQGXPRWVDQVNULWlokacakṣuTXLVLJQLILHOLWW«UDOHPHQWmbOHV \HX[  GX  PRQGHb}  5LQFKHQb=DQJSR  WLE  ULQ  FKHQ  E]DQJ  SR  ɖ   GLVFLSOH  GX PD°WUHLQGLHQ$WLVKDHVWOHSULQFLSDOWUDGXFWHXUGHVWH[WHVERXGGKLTXHVVDQVNULWVHQ WLE«WDLQGHODmb6HFRQGHGLIIXVLRQb}GXERXGGKLVPHDX7LEHW2QOXLDWWULEXH«JDOHPHQW ODIRQGDWLRQGHSOXVGHFHQWWHPSOHVDX7LEHWRFFLGHQWDOGRQWFHX[GH7DERDX6SLWLHW GH3RRK RX3XK GDQVOH+DXW.LQQDXU 3. Ɍ/DTXDWULªPHUHQFRQWUHDYHFXQUHOLJLHX[QɛHVWQLG«SHLQWHQLPHQWLRQQ«H9RLUFL DSUªV 4. Ɍ'HSXLVOHVS«ULRGHVOHVSOXVDQFLHQQHVGHX[ID©RQVGHUDFRQWHUOD9LHGX%RXGGKD FRH[LVWHQWGDQVOHVDUWVYLVXHOV'DQVODSUHPLªUHOD9LHGX%RXGGKDVɛRUJDQLVHDXWRXU GHVmbKXLWJUDQGV«YªQHPHQWVb}RXDX7LEHWGHSXLVOH ;,9HbVLªFOHDXWRXUGHVmbGRX]H DFWHVb}OHVGLII«UHQWV«SLVRGHVVHU«SDUWLVVDQWDXWRXUGɛXQHUHSU«VHQWDWLRQLFRQLTXHGX %RXGGKD 'DQV OD VHFRQGH OH U«FLW HVW G«FRXS« FRPPH LFL HQ mbFDVHVb} MX[WDSRV«HV DJHQF«HV  YHUWLFDOHPHQW  RX  KRUL]RQWDOHPHQW  TXL  VH  OLVHQW  GH  PDQLªUH  OLQ«DLUH  HW SURSRVHQW  XQH  QDUUDWLRQ  FRQWLQXH  /H  G«YHORSSHPHQW  HVW  FKURQRORJLTXH  HW  VXLW  OD ELRJUDSKLH  GX  K«URV  3RXU  GHV  H[HPSOHV  YRLU  QRWDPPHQW  'b./,0%85*6$/7(5  SRXU7DERDX6SLWL& /8&=$1,76  HW1b 0$57,1   SRXU$OFKLDX/DGDNK9 =,(*/(5  SRXU%DVJRDX/DGDNKHW  SRXU=KDOXDX7LEHWFHQWUDO 5. Ɍ&HWHUPHUHFRXYUHLFLOHVDQFLHQVUR\DXPHVGH*XJHHWGH3XUDQJGDQVOɛRXHVWGX SODWHDXWLE«WDLQPDLVDXVVLOH/DGDNKOH6SLWLHWOH.LQQDXU 6. Ɍ3RXUFHV«SLVRGHVYRLUGDQVFHP¬PHYROXPH1LOV 0$57,1SbSb )LJb  Sb )LJb HWSb )LJb  7. Ɍ3RXUOɛ«SLVRGHGHOɛ«O«SKDQWEODQFYRLUGDQVFHP¬PHYROXPH1LOV 0$57,1SbHW Sb )LJb  8.  Ɍ,O  QɛH[LVWH  HQ  HIIHW  DXFXQH  YLH  RIILFLHOOH  GX  %RXGGKD  HW  DXFXQH  GHV  VRXUFHV LQGLHQQHV  LFL  FLW«HV  QH  FRQWLHQW  XQ  U«FLW  FRPSOHW  GH  OD  9LH  GX  %RXGGKD  GH  VD UHQDLVVDQFHS«QXOWLªPHDXFLHO7XǁLWD¢VDPRUWHW¢ODFRQVWUXFWLRQGHKXLWVWXSDVVXU VHVUHOLTXHV 9. Ɍ'DQVODSHUVSHFWLYHGHFHWRXYUDJHFRQVDFU«DX[U«FLWVHQLPDJHVHQ2ULHQWHWHQ 2FFLGHQW  LO  PH  VHPEOH  LQW«UHVVDQW  GH  VRXOLJQHU  LFL  OD  IDLEOH  YDUL«W«  GɛREMHWV  HW  GH VXSSRUWVVXUOHVTXHOVODYLHGX%RXGGKDHVWUHSURGXLWHFRPSDU«H¢ODPXOWLSOLFLW«GH PHGLDVDXVVLGLYHUVGDQVOHXUVPDW«ULDX[ LYRLUHERLVSLHUUHWHUUHEURQ]HHWDXWUHV P«WDX[  WH[WLOH  YHUUH  SRUFHODLQH  «PDLO  HWF   OHXUV  WHFKQLTXHV  JUDYXUH  SHLQWXUH VFXOSWXUH  WLVVDJH  HW  OHXUV  GLPHQVLRQV  ɘ  GX  GLSW\TXH  GɛXQH  GL]DLQH  GH  FHQWLPªWUHV FDUU«V  DX[  SHLQWXUHV  PXUDOHV  FRXYUDQW  SOXVLHXUV  FHQWDLQHV  GH  PªWUHVFDUU«V  TXL mbSRUWHQWb}OD9LHGH-«VXVGDQVOɛ2FFLGHQWFKU«WLHQGDQVHWKRUVOLHX[GHFXOWH Narrativité 17 10. Ɍ6XUODUHODWLRQHQWUHWH[WHHWLPDJHP«GLDWLV«HSDUXQmbPDQXHOGHSHLQWXUHb} YRLU48,170$1$QGUHZ 6&+$())(5.XUWLV5 11. Ɍ‚SURSRVGHVSHLQWXUHVPXUDOHVUHODWDQWOD9LHGX%RXGGKDSODF«HVGDQVOH+DOO GɛDVVHPEO«HGXPRQDVWªUHGH7DER 6SLWL VRXVXQHUDQJ«HGHGRX]HVWDWXHVHQDUJLOH 'b./,0%85*6$/7(5  S DYDQW GH OHV G«FULUH SUHQG OH VRLQ GH SU«FLVHUb ɝ,Q RUGHUWRDFWXDOO\VHHWKHVFHQHVKRZHYHURQHQHHGVDJRRGODPSɞ 12.  Ɍ6XU  FH  FRQFHSW  GɛLPDJH  mbLQW«JUDWLYHb}  FɛHVW¢GLUH  GɛLPDJHV  TXL  HQ  LQWªJUHQW GɛDXWUHVUHOL«HVOHVXQHVDX[DXWUHVHQVRQVHLQYRLUGDQVFHYROXPHmb9LHVGH-«VXVHQ ,PDJHVb}SbSbHWSb RÉSUMÉS $X  .LQQDXU  FHV  GHUQLªUHV  G«FHQQLHV  SRXU  WHQWHU  GH  FRQWUHU  OɛLQIOXHQFH  JUDQGLVVDQWH  GH OɛKLQGRXLVPHQRPEUHGHWHPSOHVERXGGKLVWHVRQW«W«U«QRY«VYRLUHUHFRQVWUXLWVHWOHXUVPXUV FRXYHUWV  GH  SHLQWXUHV  PXUDOHV  DX[  FRXOHXUV  YLYHV  UDFRQWDQW  HQ  LPDJHV  VXFFHVVLYHV DFFRPSDJQ«HVGHO«JHQGHVHWDOLJQ«HVVXUSOXVLHXUVUHJLVWUHVOD9LHGX%RXGGKDRXFHOOHGɛDXWUHV SHUVRQQDJHVF«OªEUHVFRPPH0LODU«SD &HWDUWLFOHSURSRVHGHFRPSDUHUGHX[UHSU«VHQWDWLRQVFRQWHPSRUDLQHVGHOD9LHWHUUHVWUHGX %RXGGKDDYHFOHXUVRXUFHGɛLQVSLUDWLRQɘbXQOLYUHWGɛXQHWUHQWDLQHGHSDJHVLPSULP«HQQRLUHW EODQFGDQVOHVDQQ«HV¢%RGKJD\DHWGLIIXV«¢GHVPLOOLHUVGɛH[HPSODLUHVbɘHWGHTXHVWLRQQHU OHVFKRL[IDLWVSDUOHVGHX[DUWLVWHVSDUPLOHVLPDJHVHWOHVWH[WHVSURSRV«VGDQVOHGLWOLYUHW1RXV QRXVLQWHUURJHRQVSDUDLOOHXUVVXUOHFDUDFWªUHS«GDJRJLTXHVRXYHQWPLVHQH[HUJXHGHWHOOHV SHLQWXUHV(QHIIHWPDOJU«OHXUDOOXUHGHEDQGHGHVVLQ«HFHVGL]DLQHVGɛLPDJHVFHQWU«HVVXU HOOHVP¬PHVHWVDQVY«ULWDEOHOLHQHQWUHHOOHVQHIRUPHQWSDVXQU«FLWLQWHOOLJLEOHVDQVOɛDLGHGɛXQ JXLGHSRXUUDFRQWHUODWUDPHGDQVODTXHOOHHOOHVVɛLQVª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bSDJHVSULQWHGLQEODFNDQGZKLWHLQ WKHVLQ%RGKJD\DRIZKLFKWKRXVDQGVRIFRSLHVKDYHEHHQGLVWULEXWHG:HZLOOTXHVWLRQWKH FKRLFHVPDGHE\WKHWZRDUWLVWVDPRQJWKHLPDJHVDQGWH[WVRIIHUHGLQWKLVERRNOHW:HZLOODOVR LQWHUURJDWHWKHHGXFDWLRQDOTXDOLW\RIWKHVHSDLQWLQJVZKLFKKDVRIWHQEHHQKLJKOLJKWHG,QGHHG GHVSLWHWKHLUFDUWRRQOLNHDSSHDUDQFHWKHVHGR]HQVRILPDJHVFHQWUHGRQWKHPVHOYHVDQGODFNLQJ DQ\UHDOOLQNEHWZHHQWKHPGRQRWIRUPDFRKHUHQWQDUUDWLYHXQOHVVDFFRPSDQLHGE\DJXLGHDEOH WRRXWOLQHWKHVWRULHVWKH\LOOXVWUDWH INDEX Mots-clés : 9LHGH%RXGGKDSHLQWXUHVQDUUDWLYHV.LQQDXU+LPDOD\DRFFLGHQWDOERXGGKLVPHWLE«WDLQ WHPSOHVERXGGKLVWHV Keywords : %XGGKDɛV/LIHVWRU\QDUUDWLYHSDLQWLQJV.LQQDXU:HVWHUQ+LPDOD\DV7LEHWDQ%XGGKLVP %XGGKLVWWHPSOHV Narrativité 18 AUTEUR 3DVFDOH'ROOIXV /DERUDWRLUHGɛHWKQRORJLHHWGHVRFLRORJLHFRPSDUDWLYH /(6& 805 Narrativité