The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective 14–15 / 2015 The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective Cynthia M. Vakareliyska 1. Introduction The Neapolitan wall calendar (NWC) is a a full-year Latin-language calendar of saints dated to the mid-ninth century (Mazzocchi 1744-55), carved in marble at the mid-sixth-century Church of St. John the Baptist in Naples. It combines the Western and Eastern calendar traditions, and contains enough Eastern saints’ commemorations to be described as a menology. As Archimandrite Sergij notes (Spasskij 1901, vol. 1, pp. 97–8), only about 30 commemorations in the NWC are Western, while another c. 25 entries commemorate local Neapolitan bishops and saints whose identities are not known. Of the Eastern saints, approximately 20 occur in Greek calendars alone in Archimandrite Sergij’s collation (Spasskij 1901, vol. 1) and not in any Slavic calendars in his corpus (ibid.). Sergij also notes that the calendar can be considered to relect a seventh-century Eastern tradition, since the last Constantinople patriarch that it names is Thomas (d. 610), together with other igures of the same period. Detailed commentaries on the NWC have been published by Sabbatini (Sabbatini d’Anfora 1744) and Mazzochi (1744-55, limited to the irst half of the calendar, from January through June). In 1831, Mai published an annotated edition of the NWC containing corrections of Sabbatini’s and Mazzochi’s transcriptions, but without commentary on the calendar’s substantive content. Although the NWC is included in Archimandrite Sergij’s collation of medieval Greek and Slavic calendars of saints (Spasskij 1901, vol. 2), and is described briely there (vol. 1, pp. 97-8), this paper relies on Mai (1831) for the text of the calendar, since Archimandrite Sergij’s collation contains numerous errors in attributions to speciic calendars, omits many of the NWC’s calendar entries, and does not include its Latin textual formulae. A cursory comparison of the NWC with the other calendars in Archimandrite Sergij’s collation suggests that its content with respect to the Eastern saints is quite similar to that of the synaxaria to the Greek Sinai canons of the 9th through 11th centuries. Identifying other calendars that share a common tradition with the NWC 131 C. M. Vakareliyska is complicated, however, by the physical genre of the NWC: as a carving on church doors, the calendar was subject to space restrictions that limited its substantive content usually to only one commemoration per day. (Sergij notes only c. 25 dates with two commemorations.) For the same reason, where two saints, such as Cosmas and Damian, are traditionally celebrated together on the same date, the NWC usually lists only one of them. The dates February 29, March 8 and 14, and October 19 are missing, apparently because the commemorations for the immediately preceding dates spilled over into the spaces intended for these dates. The NWC has generally been compared to other Latin and Greek calendars. This paper, however, compares it to later Slavic calendars, with the goal of determining whether any of the Western saints that occur sporadically in the menologies to the Ostromir Gospel, the Ohrid Apostol, and later Slavic calendars of various genres, can be traced to the mixed Greek-Western tradition that is relected in the NWC. Section two below lists all NWC commemorations that are not found either in the Martyrologium Romanum (Baronius 1583, ‘MR’) or in any Greek or Slavic sources in Archimandrite Sergij’s collation. The Western commemorations in the NWC are identiied in section three, based on their co-occurrence in the MR and/ or the sixth-century Martyrologium Hieronymianum (de Rossi & Duchesne 1894, ‘MH’). Section four provides commemorations in NWC from the synaxarion of the 9th-10th-century Constantinople Typikon (‘CT’; Holy Trinity version ‘(H)’ Matéos 1962, Patmos version ‘(P)’ Krasnosel´cev 1892) that were dropped from the later 10th-century Menologion of Emperor Basil (‘Bas’, Il Men. 1907). Other rare commemorations that are shared by one or more Greek calendars in Sergij’s collation are listed in section ive. Section six presents uncommon NWC commemorations that are shared by Slavic calendars in Sergij’s collation and in a corpus of c. 125 additional mostly unpublished Slavic calendars that I examined in archives in Bulgaria, Russia, and England, and at the microilm library at the Hilandar Research Center at The Ohio State University.1 Conclusions are presented in section seven. 2. Unique commemorations The following 106 NWC commemorations, many of which are local Neapolitan feasts, are not listed for any other calendars in Archimandrite Sergij’s collation, nor do they occur in any Slavic calendars in my corpus.2 Of these, 21 are on days imme1 The corpus has been assembled in connection with an online digital collation of medieval Slavic calendars of saints that I have been developing over the past 17 years. I am enormously grateful to David J. Birnbaum for designing the blueprint for the collation and its search program, and for his generous assistance with innumerable technical issues over the many years that I have been working on the collation. 2 The NWC follows the Western tradition by beginning the year in January. Since, however, this paper focuses on Eastern commemorations in the NWC, its commemorations are listed here according to the Eastern Orthodox tradition, beginning the Church year in September. 132 The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective diately preceding or following the dates in CT or MR. September 3 Vitalianus, martyr, identity uncertain; 4 Alexander, martyr, identity uncertain; 10 Simeon, brother of Jesus, Bishop of Jerusalem, Hieromartyr (probably); 13 Nicetas, Megalomartyr;3 17 Simeon, brother of Jesus, Bishop of Jerusalem, Hieromartyr again; 18 Apostle Thomas;4 28 Rhipsime, Virgin Martyr (with Gaiana and other virgin martyrs).5 October 1 Adeodatus, Bishop of Naples; 2 Dionysius the Areopagite, Bishop of Athens, martyr;6 3 Dometius the Illustrious, martyr in Persia (probably);7 6 Renatus, Bishop of Sorrento, Confessor; 8 Bacchus, Roman soldier, martyr (with Sergius);8 12 Florentius of Thessalonica, disciple of the Apostles;9 13 Paul, martyr, identity uncertain; 18 Eutyches and Acutus, citizens of Pozzoli near Naples, martyrs; 22 Cosmas and Damian the Silverless, martyrs; 23 Arethas the Governor, martyr. November 5 Methodius, identity uncertain; 8 Coronatus, Greek martyr; 18 Calvus, Bishop of Naples (750-763 A.D.); 20 Calvus, Bishop of Naples again, and Philotheus, identity uncertain. December 1 Dedication of the Church of St. Stephen; 8 Martyrius, identity uncertain;10 Eustratius, martyr (with Auxentius, Eugenius, Mardarius, and Orestes); 16 Patermuthius/Petarpemotis, Egyptian hermit, martyr; 18 Ignatius Theophorus, Bishop of Antioch, martyr (probably); 22 Ephrem, identity uncertain; 29 Apostle James, Brother of John the Evangelist; 30 Anthony, bishop, identity uncertain. January 4 Metrophanes, First Patriarch of Constantinople;10 9 Agnellus, Bishop of Naples (7th cen., patron saint of Naples); 12 Marcianus, priest and treasurer of the Great Church Hagia Sophia; 19 Paul, hermit, martyr at Cleopatris in Egypt; 30 Peregrinus of Caltabellota in Sicily.11 February 7 Saturninus, martyr, identity uncertain; 8 Victor I, Bishop of Naples; 12 Pontiicate of Apostle Peter at Rome; 13 Timothy, Patriarch of Alexandria; 17 Paul II, Bishop of Naples; 19 Quodvultdeus, Confessor, Bishop of Carthage (Neapolitan saint);12 21 Ursus, Bishop of Naples (probably); 18 Poemen, identity uncertain; 3 Usual date September 15. CT has the dedication of the Church of Apostle Thomas for September 19. 5 September 29 CT (H), MR. 6 October 3 CT, Bas, NWC again, and numerous other Greek and Slavic calendars. 7 October 2 CT (P), Ekl, Filim.; October 4 CT (H), Bas, NWC again, ZT, F72, Os, Oh, LP, 882. 8 Bacchus appears together with companion saint Sergius on the preceding day, October 7, in CT, Bas, and MR (and in Slavic calendars ZT, 882, Oh). October 7 is one of the few dates for which the NWC has two commemorations: Sergius alone, as is its wont with regard to pairs of saints, and Marcellus. Possibly Bacchus was forced onto the following line, which was already designated for October 8, for space reasons, and is intended to be read as part of the October 7 commemoration. 9 October 13 in CT, Bas, Sirl., MR. 10 June 4 in CT, Bas, MR. 11 Date of celebration in Girgenti (Holweck 1924: 789). 12 Holweck notes that this is now the modern date of commemoration; cf. MR 26 Oct. 4 133 C. M. Vakareliyska 22 Thecla the Apostolic/Isoapostolos, Protomartyr;13 25 Theodosius, bishop, identity uncertain; 27 Hierontius, identity uncertain, and Marcellus, bishop, martyr at Apamea in Cyprus. March 2 Adrianus and Natalia, martyrs at Nicomedia; 3 Paul I, Bishop of Naples; 17 Onesimus, Bishop of Ephesus, martyr; 20 Calvus, Bishop of Naples; 23 Castulus, martyr, identity uncertain; 29 Redux, Bishop of Naples; 30 Menander, Greek martyr;14 31 Glycerius, martyr, identity uncertain. April 1 Callinicus, martyr, identity uncertain;15 3 John, Bishop of Naples (unclear which of the three bishops named John); 9 Mary of Egypt, Peninent;16 11 Stephen I, Bishop of Naples (probably); 13 Translation of Relics of Januarius, Bishop of Beneventum; 19 Philip, bishop and martyr, identity uncertain; 24 Pope Innocent I, Confessor; 29 Severus, Bishop of Naples, Confessor. May 5 Ananias of the Seventy Disciples, Baptizer of Paul; 6 Apostle Matthew the Evangelist; 10 Eustathius, Bishop of Naples; 11 Ven. Hilarion the New, Abbot of Plekete in Asia; 16 Restituta, Virgin Martyr at Carthage;17 17 Apostle Mark the Evangelist; 25 Apostle James the Just/the Lesser; 27 Anastasia, martyr, identity uncertain; 31 Christina, martyr at Nicomedia (with Eusebius et al.).18 June 7 Cyril, Patriarch of Alexandria, Confessor; 6 Anthimus, priest and monk; 7 Cyril, Patriarch of Alexandria, Confessor; 11 Antoninus, identity uncertain, and Dormition of Maximus, identity uncertain; 14 Fortunatus I, Bishop of Naples, Confessor; 15 Maro, Bishop of Naples; 16 Athenogenus the Old Theologian, Bishop of Pidachthoa (Heliopolis) in Armenia, martyr;19 27 Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons, martyr;20 28 Pope Leo I, The Great, Confessor.21 July 1 Apostle Simon the Zealot22 and Apostle Jude/Thaddeus (Lebbeus/Lebbai), brother of Jesus;23 5 Archangel Michael; 6 Polycarp, martyr (with Eustathius and Evangelus);24 7 Cyril, Patriarch of Alexandria, Confessor; 8 Pancratius, Bishop 13 Date of celebration at Nicomedia (Holweck 1924: 924). March 31 CT. 15 The Ohrid Apostol has Callinica and Basilissa on this date. 16 MR has Mary Cleophae on this date and Mary of Egypt on April 2. Holweck (1924: 677) notes that April 6 is an old date once observed in many Roman Catholic dioceses. 17 Celebrated this date at Naples; MR May 17. 18 May 30 CT, Bas. 19 MR July 16. 20 MR, MH June 28. 21 Holweck (1924: 599) notes that this was the old date for this saint in many locations; cf. MR April 11. 22 June 30 CT, with the other Apostles. 23 CT (H) has Jude/Thaddeus on June 30, confusing him with Simon the Zealot. 24 June 7 CT, Petr., Konst., Ekl, Nan. 2, As, CB, 882, DC2. 14 134 The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective of Taormina/Tauromenium in Sicily, martyr;25 9 Ruina and Secunda, sisters, virgin martyrs at Rome;26 10 Imsonius/Imsonus, identity uncertain; 11 Memorius (? abbreviation Mmuri), identity uncertain; 12 Gaudiosus (Septimus Caelius) of Naples, Bishop of Abitene in proconsular Africa, Confessor; 14 Theodore, identity uncertain;27 19 Mauricius, identity uncertain; 20 Felix, Confessor, Bishop of Verona (probably);28 22Agapius, martyr, identity uncertain; 24Christopher, martyr under Decius in Lycia (with Conon) (probably);29 26 Leontius, Bishop of Neopolis in Cyprus, Confessor. August 4 Second Ecumenical Council, at Constantinople;30 8 Donatus, Bishop of Arezzo, martyr (probably);31 16 Cosmas, Bishop of Naples (probably); 17 Seven Sleepers of Ephesus, martyrs; 21 Chrysanthus, Greek martyr; 22 Thecla, martyr at Gaza (with Timothy and Agapius);32 23 Paul, Bishop of Naples (probably; uncertain which bishop Paul); 24 Bishop Titus, disciple of Paul.33 3. Western saints represented in the MR and MH The NWC shares 64 Western commemorations with the later MR and/or the MH that do not co-appear with Slavic calendars in the corpus:34 September 1 Priscus II, Confessor, Bishop of Capua (also MH); 7 Festus and Desiderius of Beneventum, martyrs (also MH), and Adjutor, African bishop, Confessor; 11 Protus and Hyacinth, martyrs at Rome (also MH); 14 Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, martyr (also MH); 23 Sosius, deacon of the church at Misenum, martyr at Pozzuoli; 30 Jerome/Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus, Doctor of the Church, Confessor (also MH). October 7 Marcellus, disciple of Simon Magus, converted by Peter, martyr at Rome; 14 Fortunatus, Bishop of Todi in Umbria, Confessor; 25 Chrysanthus and Daria, Roman martyrs; 26 Gaudiosus, Bishop of Salerno, Confessor; 30 Maximus, martyr at Apamea in Phrygia (also Ekl), and Marcianus, martyr at Nicomedia (MH only). November 9 Agrippinus, Bishop of Naples, Confessor; 10 Eulalia of Merida, Virgin Martyr (with her servant Julia); 13 Lucy/Lucia, Virgin Martyr at Syracuse in Sicily; 14 Spiridion, Archbishop of Tremithus on Cyprus; 22 Cecilia, Virgin Martyr 25 July 9 CT (P), JT and other calendars. July 10 MR. 27 Perhaps Theodore, Bishop of Cyrene in Libya, martyr (with Lucia, Aroja, Cyprilla, and Dignianus), as in Sin. 1 for this date? 28 July 19 MR. 29 July 25 MR. 30 August 3 CT. 31 August 7 MR, Kap., Ekl, M. Porf. (For the content of calendars whose manuscript codes are followed here by periods, I have relied on Archimandrite Sergij’s collation (Spasskij 1901, vol. 2). 32 August 19 CT (P), Bas, and other Greek and Slavic calendars, MR. 33 August 25 CT (P), JT and other Greek and Slavic calendars, MR. 34 Unless otherwise indicated, commemorations in the list co-occur only in MR and not MH. 26 135 C. M. Vakareliyska at Rome (with Valerianus and Tiburtius); 29 Saturninus, priest at Carthage, Roman martyr (with Sisinius);. December 21 Apostle Thomas; 27 Apostle John the Evangelist; 28 14,000 Holy Innocents Slain by Herod in Bethlehem. January 8 Severinus, Confessor, Bishop of Naples; 13 Potitus, martyr in Sardinia; 14 Felix of Nola, priest, martyr; 20 Sebastian, Roman martyr (also Sin. 1 and 2). February 2 Puriication of the Virgin Mary; 3 Blasius/Blaise, Bishop of Sebaste in Cappadocia, martyr (with seven women); 10 Scholastica, sister of Benedict of Nursia; 11 Castrensis, Confessor, Bishop of Castel Volturno; 14 Valentine, priest, Roman martyr; 16 Juliana of Cumae, Virgin Martyr (also Sin. 1). March 13 Christina, Virgin Martyr in Persia under Shapur II; 14 Tiburtius and Maximus, martyrs, buried together near Rome. April 18 Eleutherius Cubicularius, Hieromartyr; 22 Pope Caius, martyr; 28 Vitalis, father of Gervasius and Protasius, martyr at Ravenna (with his wife Valeria) (also MKr., Filim.) May 1 Apostles Philip and James the Just/the Lesser; 8 Apparition of the Archangel Michael on Mount Gargano in Italy (also Kap., Sin. 1 and 2); 14 Boniface, martyr at Tarsus; 23 Euphebius, Bishop of Naples, Confessor. June 2 Petri, exorcist, Roman martyr (with Marcellinus); 17 Nicander, martyr at Tomi in Scythia/in Egypt/at Dorostolum (with Marcianus); 18 Mark and Marcellinus, twin deacon martyrs at Rome; 19 Protasius and Gervasius, Protomartyrs at Milan; 21 Ruinus, martyr at Syracuse (with Martia) (also MH and Sin. 1); 22 Paulinus, Confessor, Bishop of Nola; 26 John and Paul, Roman martyrs. July 1 Simeon Salus of Syria; 2 Processus and Martinianus, Roman martyrs; 3 Translation of the Relics of Apostle Thomas from India to Edessa; 28 Nazarius, martyr at Milan (with Celsus) (also Kap); 29 Felix II, bishop, Archdeacon of Pope Liberius, and Simplicius, Roman martyr (with his siblings Faustinus and Beatrix); 30 Abdon and Sennen, Persian nobles, martyrs at Rome; 31 Germanus, Bishop of Autissiodorum (Auxerre), Confessor. August 3 Aspren, First Bishop of Naples; 8 Cyriacus, deacon, Roman martyr (with Largus, Smaragdus, and 20 companions); 11 Tiburtius, Roman martyr; 12 Euplus, deacon, martyr at Catania in Sicily; 13 Hippolytus, jailer of Laurentius, martyr (with Laurentius and Pope Sixtus II of Rome) (also MH, Č.M., Bux., “and all” Western calendars); 14 Eusebius, priest at Rome, Confessor; 18 Agapitus, martyr at Palestrina in Italy; 27 Rufus, martyr, either bishop of Capua or the deacon (both this date in MR); 28 Augustine, Confessor, Bishop of Hippo Regius. Of more interest are the 12 Western commemorations in NWC that occur in the MR and in one or more Slavic calendars in the corpus, but not in the CT or Bas.These co-occurrences with both early and later Slavic calendars indirectly support the proposition by Miklas and Šniter (1998) that Western saints made their way into Slavic 136 The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective calendars through Italo-Greek calendar sources: September 27 Cosmas the Silverless, martyr at Rome (with Damian) (Arx); 29 Dedication of the Church of the Archangel Michael on Mt. Gargano(MH, Arx, ZT, PM). November 11 Martin, Bishop of Tours, Confessor (882, PM); 23 Pope Clement I of Rome, martyr (MH, Oh, ZT, PM); 24 Chrysogonus, martyr, spiritual adviser of Anastasia (882). December 31 Pope Sylvester of Rome, Confessor (Os, Oh, ZT, PM). April 14 Tiburtius, martyr, buried with Valerianus and Maximus near Rome (B). May 3 Discovery of the Holy Cross (MH, ZT). June 15 Vitus/Guy, martyr at Rome (with instructor Modestus and nurse Crescentia) (MH, As, Os, B, C);35 18 Marcellianus, deacon, martyr at Rome (with his twin Mark) (ZT, PM); 19 Gervasius, Protomartyr at Milan (with Protasius, Nazarius, and Celsus) (882, ZT, PM); 30 Apostle Paul (882). The distribution of these early Western commemorations in Slavic calendars is inconsistent, and they are particularly scarce in the earliest Slavic calendars, which, however, contain other Western commemorations (see Vakareliyska 2008, ch. 6). The Codex Assemanianus (‘As’) has only the June 15 commemoration of Vitus/Guy, which is also the only Western commemoration from the NWC to appear in the menologies to the closely related 14th-century Curzon Gospel (‘C’) and Banica Gospel (‘B’). The menology to the 1055-56 East Slavic Ostromir Gospel (‘Os’) shares the June 15 Vitus/Guy listing and the December 31 commemoration of Pope Sylvester. The latter co-occurs in the menology to the 12th-century Bulgarian Ohrid Apostol (‘Oh’), which also contains the commemoration of Pope Clement I on November 23. The two Western NWC commemorations in the menology to the East Slavic Arkhangelsk Gospel (‘Arx’) are both found at the end of September. A greater number of the NWC’s Western commemorations (including the September 29 entry) occur in the late 13th- or early 14th-century Bulgarian Zograph Trephologion, a full-year menaion also known as the Draganov Menaion (‘ZT’), and the nearly-identical Bulgarian full-year Palauzov Menaion (‘F72’) of the same period.36 Unsurprisingly, these two year-long menaia share more NWC entries of any kind than most other calendars in the corpus, because they both usually contain multiple commemorations per day, sometimes up to ten or more for a given date. ZT and PM also share with Oh and Strum the NWC’s commemoration of Pope Clement (Nov. 23), and with Oh and Os the commemoration of Pope Sylvester on December 31.ZT is the only Slavic calendar to mark together with NWC the Discovery of the Holy 35 882 has Vitus’ companions Modestus and Crescentia but omits Vitus himself. The relationship between ZT and PM was discovered by Mariya Yovcheva (pers. commun., February 2008). 36 137 C. M. Vakareliyska Cross on May 3; it is absent from PM, which tends to be more conservative than ZT, omitting garbled or unfamiliar names. It is ZT, however, which omits Martin, Bishop of Tours (Nov. 11), likely by oversight, while PM shares it with the menology to the 13th- or 14th-century Bulgarian apostol No. 882 in the collection of the SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library in Soia (‘882’). The four early Western commemorations shared by the NWC and 882 are particularly interesting because the scholarly focus on 882 up to now has been largely on its March–August portion, which shares a common source with the supplemental Slavic calendar that the Banica Gospel has used to insert lesser feastdays into the second half of the Church year (Vakareliyska 2008, ch. 6). Since B uses only portions of that source, it is not surprising that it is 882 and not B that is consistent in containing NWC Western commemorations in both halves of the Church year. Among the Slavic calendars, 882 alone shares with the NWC the commemoration of Chrysogonus on November 4. It also contains the NWC’s November 11 listing for Martin, Bishop of Tours, with PM, and the June 30 commemoration of Apostle Paul on June 30, together with the menology to the 13th-century Serbian Dečani-Crkolez Apostolus (‘DC2’). 4. Archaic CT commemorations Thirty-three of the NWC commemorations also appear on the same dates in the CT, but were excluded later from Bas. Nine of these archaic celebrations are shared only with Greek calendars. Five in this subgroup are found only by a few other Greek calendars in Archimandrite Sergij’s collation: December 24 Schinon, Greek martyr by beheading (with Eususius and Agatha). March 26 Sabinus, martyr (with Manuel, Codratus, and Theodosius); 28 Bishop Eutychius, identity uncertain. April 27 Dedication of the Old and New Church of Irene, Megalomartyr. August 25 Apostle Bartholomew (CT(P)).37 The remaining four archaic CT commemorations found in NWC are not attributed to any other calendars in Archimandrite Sergij’s corpus. All but one of these occur only in the Patmos copy of the CT (P), and not in the Holy Cross Monastery copy (H): November 12 Victor, martyr in Syria (with Stephanis/Corona) (P). January 15 Elpidius, martyr (with Danax and Helen) (P). March 13 Publius, Bishop of Athens, martyr (H, P). May 13 Polybius, Bishop of Rinokira/Rhynocyra, disciple of Epiphanius of Salamis (P). The remaining 24 CT commemorations co-occur in Slavic calendars from the The calendars that Archimandrite Sergij lists for this commemoration include an unidentiied calendar Xil. that may be Slavic. 37 138 The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective corpora as well as in Greek ones. An unidentiied martyr Romanus on September 25, who is also found in the Patmos version of the CT, is recorded in only two other Greek calendars in Archimandrite Sergij’s 1901 collation, but appears in 12 Slavic calendars, both early and late: As, Sav, Os, Arx, Oh, Slep, Rum. 112., B, C, 882, ZT, and PM. The largest number of archaic CT commemorations shared by the NWC are found in Slavic calendars in October and November: October 4 Theotecnus of Antioch, martyr (248., DoMak. “and others,” per Archimandrite Sergij, 882); 23 Zacharias the Priest, father of John the Baptist (Oh, ZT but not PM); 28 Diomedes, martyr in Africa (Oh, 239.; also 882, which conlates Diomedes with Domninus); 29 Apostle Barnabas (Oh, ZT, PM); 31 Heraclius the Warrior, martyr at Adrianople in Thrace (Oh, 882). November 4 Theodotus, martyr at Ancyra (with Dasius et al.) (319., ZT but not PM); 10 Emperor Theodosius II “The New” (Oh “Theodore the Emperor”, 882); 12 Arsacius, martyr by sword (239.); 19 Dasius, martyr at Durostorum (Dorostolum) in Moesia(Carp; P); 28 Dedication of Church of Prophet Elisha (882, ZT, PM).38 December 11 Terentius, martyr (with Vincent, Emilianus, and Bebea) (Oh), 16 Modestus, Patriarch of Jerusalem (Oh, ZT, PM, Mak.). January 24 Philo, Bishop of Carpasia on Cyprus (Oh, 882). February 20 Cendius, Bishop of Pisidia (Oh). March 6 Basil, Bishop of Cherson, martyr (Oh). April 5 Thermos, martyr (Oh, 1370.). May 4 Aphrodisius, martyr at Scythopolis in Palestine (Os, DC2); 18 Epaphroditus of the Seventy Disciples (Rum.). June 12 Zeno, Greek bishop of Leucosia in Cyprus (240.). July 4 Donatus, Bishop of Libya (DC2); 16 Anthiocus, physician at Sebaste, martyr (240., Strum, ZT, PM); 17 Speratus, martyr(with Veronica) (240.); 18 Marcellus, Greek martyr (with Dasius and Myron) (240., ZT, PM). Oh shares twelve archaic CT commemorations with the NWC; the pair ZT/PM have eight, and 882 has seven. All of 882’s seven shared CT commemorations fall within the irst half of the Church year, suggesting that its source for these may have been a September–February menaion. Although 240. is a prologue for the entire second half of the Church year, its four shared CT listings with the NWC all occur in June and July. Outside of the September 25 entry for Romanus, which is more common in Slavic calendars, the two CT commemorations shared by Os with the NWC also occur at the end of the Church year, in July and August. Of course, the correspondences in CT entries alone are insuficient to indicate a 38 The NWC’s CT entry for Silas of the Seventy Disciples (Nov. 26) possibly co-occurs in 239. Archimandrite Sergij’s collation includes for this commemoration a calendar “249” that does not appear in his manuscript code list (1901: 372) and that may be a typographical error for “239”. 139 C. M. Vakareliyska relationship between the NWC and Oh, 882, and ZT-PM, because each of these calendars contains additional CT commemorations that the others do not have. Hence a comparison of CT entries alone would show only that both the NWC and the Slavic calendars are based partly on the archaic textual tradition found in the CT. The Slavic calendars could easily have acquired their archaic CT entries from later Greek calendars, and indeed this is most likely. When viewed, however, in the context of the Western entries that these Slavic calendars share with the NWC, and of rare non-CT commemorations that they also share with the NWC, the CT correspondences acquire more signiicance. 5. Other uncommon commemorations Six NWC commemorations correspond only with the 9th-century Greek gospel menology Sin. 1. in Archimandrite Sergij’s collation: September 6 Christina, Megalomartyr at Tyre in Phoenicia. February 4 Claudius, Greek Confessor. March 1 Sophronius, monk or bishop, identity uncertain; 16 Montanus, priest, martyr at Sirmium (with his wife Maxima). May 7 Prophet Samuel. June 9 Nicasius, martyr, identity uncertain. Seven other commemorations are shared with a different single Greek source in Archimandrite Sergij’s collation: October 17 Ignatius Theophorus, Bishop of Antioch, martyr (Sf. 412.). December 3 Gregory the Illuminator, Bishop of Armenia, Hieromartyr (Sin. 2.); 22 Abraham the Great of Kidunja in Mesopotamia (Ekl). January 16 Galatianus, identity uncertain (Sin. 2.). March 4 Mark the Faster, Confessor in Egypt (Bas). June 8 Alexander, Bishop of Prusa in Bithynia, martyr (Ekl), 10 Apostle Barnabas, martyr (Ap. 346.). Three commemorations co-occur in only two or three Greek calendars apiece in Archimandrite Sergij’s collation. Of these, two are found in both Sin. 1. and Sin. 2.: December 2 Gregory the Illuminator, Bishop of Armenia, Hieromartyr (Sin. 1. and 2.). January 7 Julianus and Basilissa, martyrs at Antinoe in Egypt (Sin. 1. and 2., MKr.). March 15 Nicodemus, disciple of Christ (Bal. 1., Než. 1.). Eight NWC entries are shared by only a small number of Greek and Slavic calendars (the latter marked in boldface): December 18 Modestus, Patriarch of Jerusalem (Ekl, 1295, Mak.). January 5 Epiphanius, Patriarch of Constantinople (Konst., Sof. ev. No. 7); 12 Theodore Stratelates, martyr (Theophanes’ canon., 1295, Oh, ZT, PM). 140 The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective March 15 Benedict of Nursia, Confessor (Akad., Anton., Nan. 2. “and others,” Slep); 27 Isaac/Isaacius, abbot at Constantinople, Confessor (Sin. 1., Mak.). April 2 Polycarp, martyr at Alexandria (CT, Bas, LXI., Petr., U. 1398.). June 5 Zenaïs the Miracle Worker, martyr at Constantinople (Sirl., 1370.). August 31 Alexander, Bishop of Byzantium (Patriarch of Constantinople) (Konst., Konst. 2, Koal. 1, Xil., Arx). Another six NWC commemorations occur in a larger number of Greek calendars, but in only one to three Slavic calendars in the corpus: September 19 Januarius, Bishop of Beneventum, Hieromartyr (CT, Bas, Petr. “and others,” MR, MH, 239, Prolog,882). October 1 Arethas the Governor, martyr (Sin. 1-2., Konst., Kap., Ier., Ekl, As, Oh, 882). November 1 Caesarius, deacon, martyr at Terracina (CT, Petr., Gr. 111., Sirl., MR, Lavr., ZT but not PM); 20 Dasius, martyr at Durostorum (Dorostolum) in Moesia (CT, Bas, Nan. 1., MR, ZT but not PM). February 6 Fausta, martyr at Cyzicus (CT, Sin. 1., Bas, Petr., Nan. 2., Sirl., MGr. 181 with Joseph’s canon, ZT, PM). March 24 50/35/8 martyrs at Caesarea in Palestine (CT, Cu., Bas, Os, 882). Two NWC celebrations occur in three or more Slavic calendars apiece, but in fewer than three Greek calendars in Archimandrite Sergij’s collation: April 12 Geruntius, Greek martyr (Sin. 1 (Geruntius, father of St. George), Nan. 2., Ap. 346., Ekl (Ven. Geruntius), Xlud. 35., 240., B, 882, ZT, PM (the last 3 describe him as a bishop). June 2 Erasmus, martyr (with Pyrrhus and Gerasimus) (CT, Sin. 1., Kap., M. 12 v., As, Sof., 882, ZT, PM). Also of interest is the December 12 commemoration of Daniel Stylites, Confessor, that co-occurs only in the Slavic calendars As and Oh, and is not indicated for any of the Greek calendars in Archimandrite Sergij’s collation. 6. Analysis and summary The lists in this section show the distribution of CT, Western, and other uncommon NWC commemorations over the Church year in speciic Slavic calendars. The highest number are in the menology 882 (14 matches) and in one or both of the fullyear menaia in the pair ZT and PM (21 matches). Proportionately, 882 has a higher rate of matches with uncommon NWC entries than ZT-PM do, since as a menology, it does not generally list as many commemorations per day as the full menaia do. The month with the highest concentration of uncommon NWC matches for both 882 and ZT-PM is November, where 882 has ive and ZT-PM have six, although they share only two of these with each other. It has been shown that 882 and ZT-PM are part of a family of 13th-/14th-century Bulgarian calendars that share a tradition charac- 141 C. M. Vakareliyska terized by numerous archaic CT commemorations together with a commemoration of the Western saint Arnulph, Bishop of Metz, on July 18 (see Vakareliyska 2008, ch. 6). In light of this identiied relationship, the clustering of uncommon NWC commemorations in the same two months in both these calendars is signiicant, because it indicates that they have a closer relationship with each other than either of them has with C and B, the other two members of the family, which have very few uncommon NWC commemorations. From this it can be extrapolated that 882 and ZT-PM share a common ancestor that combined the CT/Arnulph source with a Greek source based partly on the tradition found in the NWC. The fact that these correspondences are shared by a menology to an apostolus (882) and a full-year menaion (ZT-PM) shows yet again that calendar traditions and sources transcend calendar genres (see Vakareliyska 2008, ibid.) 882 September 19 Januarius, Bishop of Beneventum; 25 Romanus, martyr. October 1 Arethas the Governor; 4 Theotecnus of Antioch, martyr; 28 Diomedes, martyr in Africa; 31 Epimachus of Pelusium; Heraclius the Warrior, martyr. November 4 Chrysogonus; 10 Emperor Theodosius II “The New”/The Great; 11 Martin, Bishop of Tours; 24 Chrysogonus, martyr; 28 Dedication of Church of Prophet Elisha. January 24 Philo, Bishop of Carpasia. March 24 50/35/8 martyrs at Caesarea in Palestine. April 12 Geruntius, Greek martyr. May 26 Apostle Jude/Thaddeus. June 2 Erasmus, martyr; 19 Gervasius, Protomartyr at Milan; 30 Apostle Paul. ZT-PM September 25 Romanus, martyr; 29 Dedication of the Church of the Archangel Michael. October 23 Zacharias the Priest, father of John the Baptist; 29 Apostle Barnabas. November 1 Caesarius, deacon; 4 Theodotus, martyr at Ancyra; 11 Martin, Bishop of Tours (PM only); 20 Dasius, martyr at Durostorum (Dorostolum) in Moesia; 23 Pope Clement I of Rome; 28 Dedication of Church of Prophet Elisha. December 31 Pope Sylvester of Rome. January 12 Theodore Stratelates. February 6 Fausta, martyr at Cyzicus. April 12 Geruntius, Greek martyr. May 3 Discovery of the Holy Cross (ZT only); 26 Apostle Jude/Thaddeus (ZT only). June 2 Erasmus, martyr; 18 Marcellianus, deacon, martyr at Rome; 19 Gervasius, Protomartyr at Milan. July 16 Anthiocus, physician at Sebaste, martyr; 18 Marcellus, Greek martyr. 142 The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective Unlike 882 and ZT-PM, the early Slavic calendars that contain uncommon NWC entries do not share any date clustering patterns, although some of the commemorations co-occur in more than one of these calendars: As September 25 Romanus, martyr. October 1 Arethas the Governor, martyr. December 12 Daniel Stylites, Confessor. June 2 Erasmus, martyr; 15 Vitus/Guy, martyr at Rome. Os September 25 Romanus, martyr. December 31 Pope Sylvester of Rome. March 24 50/35/8 martyrs at Caesarea in Palestine. June 15 Vitus/Guy, martyr at Rome. Arx September 27 Cosmas the Silverless; 29 Dedication of the Church of the Archangel Michael. August 31 Alexander, Bishop of Byzantium. Slep January 15 Benedict of Nursia, Confessor. May 26 Apostle Jude/Thaddeus. Oh September 25 Romanus, martyr. October 1 Arethas the Governor, martyr; 28 Diomedes, martyr in Africa; 31 Heraclius the Warrior, martyr. November 10 Emperor Theodosius II “The New”; 23 Pope Clement I of Rome. December 11 Terentius, martyr; 12 Daniel Stylites, Confessor; 16 Modestus, Patriarch of Jerusalem; 31 Pope Sylvester of Rome. January 12 Theodore Stratelates; 24 Philo, Bishop of Carpasia. February 20 Cendius, Bishop of Pisidia. March 6 Basil, Bishop of Cherson, martyr. April 5 Thermos, martyr. Of the earlier Slavic calendars, Oh has by far the most matches with NWC, totaling 15. Its six correspondences with 882 and ive with ZT-PM all fall within the 143 C. M. Vakareliyska September–February half of the Church year, but this is to be expected, since Oh is a short menology, with many lacunae in the March–August half. In summary, in addition to certain of its CT entries, some of the NWC’s uncommon non-Constantinopolitan commemorations are found in both in early and in 13- and 14th-century Slavic calendars of various genres, even in cases where Archimandrite Sergij has indicated that they are present in only a very few Greek calendars in his collation. This fact suggests that at least one of the multiple sources from which these Slavic calendars were compiled was a pre-CT Greek or Italo-Greek calendar that relected much the same tradition as the Greek commemorations in the NWC. That the Slavic manuscripts do not necessarily share the same NWC commemorations with each other means that in their individual prehistories, different commemorations from that archaic Greek source were selected for patchworking into a fullyear calendar that combined that tradition with others. 7. Conclusion Of the Slavic calendars in my collation and in Archimandrite Sergij’s, the later related Bulgarian calendars 882 and ZT-PM demonstrate the closest relationship with NWC. Their correspondences with the NWC include some of its Western commemorations, its archaic CT commemorations, and commemorations which the NWC shares with only a very few Greek calendars in Archimandrite Sergij’s collation. Moreover, they both have the largest cluster of less common NWC commemorations in November. The fact that 882 and ZT-PM are members of a Bulgarian family of calendars that is characterized by other rare CT and Western commemorations, including the Western saint Arnulph, suggests that the common Slavic or Greek ancestor of 882 and ZT-PM was compiled from a Greek or Italo-Greek source that relected the early Greek tradition found in the NWC, together with other calendar sources.That 882 and ZT-PM do not overlap much in the NWC entries they share in November suggests that pruning of the NWC-tradition commemorations occurred independently in the later separate prehistories of 882 and ZT-PM. The relationship between Oh and the NWC is more dificult to determine, because Oh purposely omits most dates in the second half of the Church year. At the same time, however, the fact that Oh nevertheless shares 15 uncommon entries with the NWC suggests that one of the Greek sources for Oh was a calendar based on the tradition relected in the NWC. The relationship of the NWC to Oh and the related calendars 882 and ZT-PM is a very old and tenuous one, based deep in the prehistory of the Slavic calendars. The identiication of rare NWC-tradition commemorations in these calendars is a step toward identifying their multiple Greek and Slavic ancestors and the patchwork patterns of their compilations. 144 The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective Calendar Abbreviations39 A. Ado’s Martyrology, IX c. Spasskij 1: 68. Akad. Menology to Greek apostolus, XI-XII cc. St. Petersburg Theological Academy collection, Russian National Library. Spasskij 1: 110, 2: xiii. Anton. Apparently = “Ant.” in Spasskij’s mss. code list. Menology to Greek gospel, XII c. Kiev Theological Academy collection, gift of Archimandrite Antonimij. Spasskij 1: 119. Ap. 346. Menology to Greek apostolus, XIII c. Moscow Synod Library collection, State Historical Museum, Moscow, Vl. 24. Spasskij 1: 128-9. As Menology to the Codex Assemanianus, XI c. Vatican Library, cod. slav. 3). Typeset edn. J. Kurz, Evangeliář Assemanův. Kodex Vatikánsky 3. slovanský, díl II. Úvod, text v přepise cyrilském, poznámky textové, seznamy čtení. Prague 1955. Arx Menology to the Archangelsk Gospel, dated 1092, GRB Mus. 1666, Russian State Library, Moscow. Typeset edn. Žukovskaja, L. P. and Mironova, T. L. Arxangel´skoe evangelie 1092 goda. Moscow 1997. B Menology to the Banica Gospel, NBKM No. 847, XIII-XIV cc. SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library, Soia. Bal. 1. Apparently = Balakl. I., menology to 11th-c. Greek gospel from the collection of the Kiev Academy of Sciences. Bas Menology of Emperor Basil, X c. Cod. Vaticano Greco 1613. Facs. edn. Il Menologio di Basilio II (Cod. Vaticano Graeco 1613), ii. Tavole, 1907. Bux. Bucherius Roman calendar, dated 354. Spasskij 1: 40-1. C Menology to the Curzon Gospel, western Bulgaria, c. 1354. Add. MS 39628, British Library, London. Carp Menology to the Carpin Gospel, Macedonia, late XIII–early XIV cc. 39 Abbreviations followed by a period represent calendars for which I have relied on Archimandrite Sergij’s collation (Spasskij 1901). In this list, “Spasskij 1” represents volume 1 of Spasskij (1901). 145 C. M. Vakareliyska Č.M. Xlud. 28, State Historical Museum, Moscow. = Č. Gr., reading menaia in Jerusalem Synod Library and other libraries. Spasskij 1: 241. CT Synaxarion to the Constantinople Typikon. Typeset edns. Matéos 1962 (H), Krasnosel´cev 1892 (P). Cu. Imperial Typikon of Emperor Constantine VII, written in 950-956. Spasskij 1: 143. DC2 Menology to the Dečani-CrkolezApostol, Serbia, dated to XIII c.DečaniCrkolez 2, Dečani Monastery Library. Facs. edn. Bogdanović, Dimitrie, Velčeva, Borjana and Naumov, Aleksandŭr, Bolgarskij apostol XIII veka. Rukopis´ Dečani-Crkolez 2, Soia 1986. DoMak. Collection of Slavic reading menaia produced before Metropolitan Macarius’ menaion (early XVI c.). Spasskij 1: 260-4. Ekl Eklogadion to Greek gospel, XI c., Constantinopolitan tradition. Grottaferrata Monastery collection. Typeset edn. Toscani, T., Ad typica Graecorum ac praesertim ad typicum cryptoferratense S. Bartholomaei Abbatis, Rome 1864. Filim. Russian podlinik, XVII c., Filimonov private library. Spasskij 1: 360. Gr. 111. Unidentiied Greek calendar, missing from Spasskij’s mss. code list. H See CT Ier. Menology to Greek gospel, X c., written in Jerusalem. Spasskij 1: 99. Joseph’s canon Canon of Joseph the Hymnographer, d. 883. Kap. Menology to Greek gospel belonging to the Cathedral of Capua, dated 991. Spasskij 1: 104. Koal. 1. Menology to Greek apostolus, X-XI cc., based on a VII-VIII c. source. No. 205, Coislin collection, Paris National Library. Spasskij 1: 105. Konst. Menology to Greek gospel, VIII-IX cc., Constantinopolitan tradition. Spasskij 1: 94. 146 The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective Konst. 2. Menology to Greek gospel, IX c., Jerusalem Library. Spasskij 1: 96. Lavr. Prologue for Sept.–Nov., Russia, XIV c., Trinity Laura collection, Russian State Library. Based on irst edition of Bas, according to Spasskij. M. 12 v. Service menaia, Russian, XII c., covering all months except March and July, Nos. 159–68, Synod Typographical Library collection, Russian State Archive for Antique Documents Mak. 16th-cen. Russian menaion of Metropolitan Macarius, containing two prologues. Spasskij 1: 264 and appendix 13. MGr. 181. Greek service menaion for Feb., XII c., Moscow Synod Library collection, State Historical Museum, Moscow. Spasskij 1: 223. MH Martyrologium Hieronymianum. Typeset edn. de Rossi & Duchesne 1894. MKr. Greek menaia, XI-XIII cc., covering the whole year except for June and July, in the collection of the Grottoferrato Monastery in Italy. M. Porf. Greek service menaia, XII c., in the collection of Ven. Porphyriusof Chyhirin. Spasskij 1: 206 and appendix 12. MR Martyrologium Romanum. Typeset edn. Baronius 1586. Nan. 2. Menology to Greek gospel, X c., Nanian Library, Venice. Spasskij 1: 101. Než. 1. 10th-cen. Greek gospel from the church in the town of Nežin, collection of the Kiev Academy of Sciences. Oh Menology to the Ohrid Apostolus, western Bulgaria, late XIIth c., GPB. Grig (f.87).13, Russian State Library, Moscow. Os Menology to the Ostromir Gospel, Russia, 1056-57, RNB F.п.I.5, Russian National Library, St. Petersburg. Facs. edn. Rozov, N. N. and Nečaev, P., Ostromirovo evangelie 1056-7 goda. Faksimil´noe vosproizvedenie pamjatnika, xranjaščegosja v Gosudarstvennoj Publičnoj Biblioteke imeni M. E. Saltykova-Ščedrina v Leningrade. Leningrad 1988. 147 C. M. Vakareliyska P Petr. See CT Greek synaxarion or prologue by scribe Peter, XI c., Spasskij 1: 293. PM Palauzov Menaion, western Bulgaria, XIV c., RNB F.I.п.72, Russian National Library (microilm at SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library, Soia); 8 folios, covering February 11-24 and August 15-25, in Sreznevskij’s collection at the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Prolog. Apparently = Peč. Pr., a printed Slavic prologue dated 1641, 1642, 1643, 1657, 1685, 1689 “and other years.” (Spasskij 1901: xxiii) R. Martyrology of Rabanus Maurus, d. 856. Spasskij 1: 66. Rum. Menology to the Rumjancev obixod, XIII c., Rumjancev Museum collection, Russian State Library. Based on the irst edition of Bas, XI c. Spasskij 1: 233. Rum. 112 Omitted from Spasskij’s mss. code list. No. 112 from the Rumjancev Museum collection, Russian State Library. Sav Menology to the Savvina Kniga, Bulgaria, X-XI cc. and Serbia, XII c., RGADA f. 381, Sin. Tip. No. 14, Synod Typographical collection, Russian State Archive for Antique Documents, Moscow. Typescript edn. Ščepkin, V. N., Savvina kniga. Pamjatniki staroslavjanskogo jazyka, t. I (2), Moscow 1903 [Graz 1959]. Sf. 412. Omitted from the mss.code list in Spasskij 1901. Cf. Sf. IXv., described as a Syrophoenician menology, typeset edn.by Bolotov,Xrist. Č., 1893. Spasskij 1: 202, 2: xxvi. Sin. 1. Menology to Greek gospel, IX c. Spasskij 1: 145. Sin. 2. Menology to Greek gospel, X c. Spasskij 1: 145. Sirl. Synaxarion or menology compiled from Greek synaxaria in the library of Cardinal Sirleto, XII-XIV cc. Typeset edn. Canisius, Heinrich, Acta SS. Octob. III, 695. Sirm. Greek synaxarion based on the prologue and menaia of Jacobus Sirmundus,S.J. (also known as the Claremont synaxarion). Spasskij 1: 301. 148 The Neapolitan Wall Calendar From A Medieval Slavic Perspective Slep Menology to the Slepče Apostolus, Macedonia, XII c. (listings for June 15–Aug 31 are lost). Typeset edition by Il´inskij, G. A., Slepčenskii apostol XII veka, Moscow: Tip. G. Lissnera i D. Sobko, 1912. Sof. Probably = Sof. M., 190 Slavic service menaia, Soia Library collection, XI–XVII cc. Sof. ev. No. 7 Menology to Russian gospel, XIV c., Soia Library collection, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Strum Menology to the Strumica Apostolus. Macedonia, XIII c. IX E 25, Czech National Museum, Prague. Typeset edn. Blaxova, E. and Xauptova, Z.m Strumički (makedonski) apostol. Kirilski spomenik od XIII vek. Skopje: Makedonska Akademija na Naukite i umetnostite 1990. (Calendar portion covering Jan. 7–Jul. 15 is lost.) Theophanes’ canon. Theophanes of Palestine, c. 850. U. Martyrology of Usuard, IX c. Spasskij 1: 69. U. 1398 Studite Typikon, Russia, dated 1398. No. 333 in the Moscow Synod Library collection, State Historical Museum, Moscow. Spasskij 1: 157. Xil. Omitted from Spasskij’s mss. code list. Xlud. 35. Unidentiied Slavic calendar, Xlud. 35, Xludov collection, State Historical Museum, Moscow. ZT Zograph Trephologion (also known as the Draganov Menaion)., western Bulgaria, dated to late XIII c. ZOG.R.54, Zograph Monastery collection, Mt. Athos, Greece; No. 42/M. 1725, Grigorovič collection Russian State Library, Moscow (1 fol.); Q.п.I.40, Russian National Library, St. Petersburg (2 fols.). Microilm, Hilandar Research Library, The Ohio State University. Typeset edn. (with many errors), Sreznevskij, I. I., Svedenija i zametki o maloizvestnyx i neizvestnyx pamjatnikax,St. Petersburg 1876 [Ann Arbor1965], 407-26. LXI. Greek menology from gospel fragments, No. LXI,Russian National Library, St. Petersburg. Spasskij 1: 101. 239. Prologue for Sept.–Feb., Russia, XIII-XIV cc. No. 239,Moscow Synod 149 C. M. Vakareliyska Library collection, State Historical Museum, Moscow. Based on irst edition of Bas (XI c.), according to Spasskij (2: xxviii). Spasskij 1: 304. 240. 248. Prologue for Mar.–Aug., Russia, 1400. No. 240, Moscow Synod Library collection, State Historical Museum, Moscow. Based on irst edition of Bas (XI c.), according to Spasskij (2: xxviii). Prologue, Russia, XV c. No. 248,Moscow Synod Library collection. Based on second edition of Bas, according to Spasskij (2: xxix). 319. Prologue, south Slavic, XIII-XIV cc., Rumjancev Museum collection, Russian State Library, Moscow. Based on irst edition of Bas (XI c.), according to Spasskij (2: xxix). 882 Menology to apostolus, western Bulgaria, XIII-XIV cc. NBKM No. 882, SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library, Soia. 1295 Greek synaxarion for Sept.–Feb., XII c., Sin. greč. 354, Moscow Synod Library collection, State Historical Museum, Moscow. Spasskij 1: 323ff. Typeset edn. Archimandrite Vladimir (Filantropov), Sistematičeskoe opisane rukopisej Moskovskoj Sinodal´noj (Patriaršej) biblioteki. Č. 1. Rukopisi grečeskie. Moscow 1894, 518-39. 1370. Verse prologue for Mar.–Aug., Russia, dated 1370, Xludov collection, State Historical Museum, Moscow. REFERENCES Baronius 1586: Caesar Baronius Soranus, ed. Martyrologium Romanum ad novum kalendarii rationem, ex ecclesiasticae historiae veritatem restitutum. Gregorii XIII. Pont. Max. iussu editum. 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Mai 1831: Mai, Angelo, ed. “Kalendarium marmoreum saeculi IX Neapoli anno MDCCXLIL in s. Iohannis maioris inventum. In fronte summa marmoris.” Scriptorum veterum nova collectio. Vol. 5. Rome: Typis Vaticanis, 1831, pp. 58–65. Matéos 1962: Matéos, J., ed. Le Typicon de la Grande Église: Ms. Sainte-Croix no. 40, X-e siècle. Le Cycle des douze mois. Orientalia Christiana Analecta 165(1), 1962. Miklas and Šniter 1998: Miklas, H. and Šniter, M. “Imena i dati. Predvaritelni rezultati ot izsledvaneto na t. nar. ‘zapaden fond’ v slavjanskite mesecoslovi.” In: Miltenova, A. (ed.), Medievistika i kulturna antropologija. Sbornik v čest na prof. Donka Petkanova. Soia, 1998, pp. 27-36. Sabbatini d’Anfora 1744: Sabbatini d’Anfora, Ludovico. Il vetusto calendario napolitano. Vols. 1-12. Naples: Carlo Salzano e Francesco Castaldo, 1744. Spasskij 1901: Archimandrite Sergij Spasskij, ed. Mesjaceslov Vostoka(2nd ed.). Vols. 1-3. Vladimir: V. A. Parkera, 1901. Vakareliyska 2008: Vakareliyska, Cynthia M. The Curzon Gospel. Vol. II: A linguistic and textual introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. About the Author ... Cynthia M. Vakareliyska is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Oregon. She holds a Ph.D. in Slavic Languages and Literatures from Harvard University, and specializes in Bulgarian linguistics and medieval Slavic manuscript studies. 151 C. M. Vakareliyska 152