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The kelenderis Ship (5th c. AD) provides the oldest evidence of a settee sail (or Eastern lateen sail) belonging to the lateen sail family.
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
The Mediterranean Lateen Sail in Late Antiquity2009 •
"Keywords: Mediterranean;late antiquity;lateen;settee;sailing rig The Mediterranean lateen sailing rig has been studied since the early-to-mid-20th century. Recently-published depictions of sailing vessels rigged with lateen and settee sails, dating to the late-antique period, allow some of the principle characteristics of that rig to be established. This allows comparison with lateen- or settee-rigged vessels from both earlier and later periods. The sailing rigs depicted on other vessels can be identified and the level of technical continuity between the late-antique and medieval Mediterranean addressed. Finally it is possible to assess the extent to which the lateen sail was established in the Mediterranean by late antiquity."
Sjøfartshistorisk Årbok 2012
The early Viking ship types2014 •
In this article, the author attempts to sift out from Old Norse (ON) written sources the early Viking Age terms for ship types and to link them to actual ships and ship depictions from that period. The author argues that knǫrr, beit, skeið, kjóll, askr, and elliði were the main ship types of the early Viking Age in Scandinavia, at least in the west, and that knerrir referred during this period to warships like Oseberg and only later to cargo ships like Skuldelev 1. ‘A ship with a backwards curved stem’ seems to have been the original meaning of knǫrr. Kjólar were heavy, all-round ships like Gokstad, the author argues, and beit were very early ships with angular stems known from depictions. Skeiðar were low, narrow ships like Ladby. Askar were also very early, small, light ships with stitched planking, whereas elliðar were combined inland / sea vessels, originally Eastern European.
2024 •
This paper argues that the Nordic boatbuilding tradition and the use of sail in Scandinavia can be traced back to the Early Bronze Age when it developed in response to emerging chiefdoms and an associated need for long-distance trade in bronze metals. The southern Scandinavian boat imagery dated to the Bronze Age (BA) depicts different types of boats and means of propulsion, including large vessels and the use of sail. This paper focuses on crewlines on such imagery as indicative of boat length in relation to both the 350 BC Hjortspring boat, a BA type boat and the width-to-length ratio of BA ship-settings. This comparison suggests the BA boat imagery and ship-settings depict the same type of plank-built vessels and that the BA ship-settings are likely to represent 'real' vessels. Centrally positioned post holes in four of these ship-settings are therefore likely to represent masts, providing a direct link with mast-like features also present in the rock art boat imagery. Available BA boatbuilding technologies, based on analysis of the Hjortspring boat, and other indirect evidence of BA boatbuilding technologies, suggests that large, sailed vessels most likely existed, propelled in combination with mainly paddling.
Belov, A., 2019, Loose-footed sails of the Egyptian New Kingdom ships. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.
Belov, A., 2019, Loose-footed sails of the Egyptian New Kingdom ships2019 •
The relief from the temple of Ramesses III (1184–1153 BC) in Medinet Habu is often considered to be the most ancient representation of a brailed sail. According to many researchers, the loose-footed sail and the system of brails were invented in the ancient countries of the Syro-Canaanite coast and were later adopted by the Ancient Egyptians. However, iconographic material from Ancient Egypt testifies to the indigenous origin of a loose-footed sail. The article presents an unknown relief from the Amarna period (1352–1336 BC) that further supports this hypothesis.
International Journal of Maritime History vol 26
Olaf T. Engvig, Legends in Sail, Themo Publishing, LA, 2013; 256 pp. ISBN 978-0-578-11756-0, $ 49,95 (hbk)2014 •
This guide covers ships and boats which pre-date 1840. It is intended to provide an expert yet accessible introduction to many areas of archaeology, including historical development, processes of discovery and guides for further reading.
2018 •
What is the evidence for sea travel in Prehistory on the Atlantic coast of Europe? This is a difficult subject, as there is a great deal of indirect evidence in the form of archaeological deposits on islands, but little direct evidence in the form of boats. Many archaeologists are reluctant to draw conclusions without this direct material evidence, but here I argue that we can deduce a great deal about Prehistoric sea travel through a combination of ethnographic comparisons and extrapolation from the existing evidence.
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2023 •
2019 •
2011 •
Florence : European University Institute, EUI, SPS, PhD Thesis
e impact of EU conditionality upon democratisation : comparing electoral competition and civil service reforms in post-communist Albania2007 •
Yoruba Studies Review
Yoruba Traditions in the Midst of Foreign Influences, A Critical Evaluation2021 •
2023 •
Journal of Turkish Studies
Atatürk Döneminde Trabzon-Tebriz Transit Yolu (1923-1938)2018 •
2008 •
Chemical Engineering Journal
Phenomenological kinetic modelling of the esterification of rosin and polyols2012 •