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Technology-intensive firms need to organize their R&D on a global scale. This is an important and complicated task that requires an explicit model and a thorough evaluation. Due to the complexity of the decisions about the global R&D organization and interrelations among the underlying issues, a structural approach is recommended. A detailed study of global R&D projects presented in the literature is used for structuring the problem with the aid of cognitive mapping. Based on this, two qualitative approaches: the Roberts model and the WINGS method are applied to and the most suitable solution.
2009 •
Organizations of different types, sizes and purposes often face situations which compete amongst themselves for the allocation of resources. In view of such circumstances, this work aimed at verifying the contribution of multicriteria decision aid (MDA) as a tool to enable the establishment of an analytical structure capable of supporting the decision-making process of research and development (R&D) project prioritization in an organization of Brazilian aerospace sector. Thus, this work has proposed a method for modeling project prioritization criteria with the referred nature, in which concepts and methods that are part of the constructivist approach for MDA are put into practice, with the aim of contributing to the solution of the problem initially described. The proposed method makes use of existing methods and techniques found in the literature, such as cognitive mapping and measuring attractiveness by a categorical based evaluation technique (MACBETH) method, which were here particularized for use in the highlighted problem. The development of a decision maker's cognitive map, combined with the use of MACBETH method for modeling the preferences of that decision maker, allowed to verify the adequacy of the joint employment of those tools for structuring R&D project prioritization problems, where complexity, given the multitude of criteria, has acted as main characteristic.
1999 •
The globalization of markets, the regionalization of technical and scientific expertise, and the rapid change in technologies are forcing technology-based companies to continuously adjust their R&D organization. Our study of 33 companies reveals five different types of R&D organization in multinational companies (MNC).
2002 •
1. Introduction nowledge creation processes of technology-based companies have become increasingly global. The pioneers of R&D internationalization are high-tech companies operating in small markets and with little R&D resources in their home country, as it is the case for ABB, Novartis and Hoffmann-La Roche (Switzerland), Philips (Netherlands) or Ericsson (Sweden). As early as 1986, Dutch and Swiss companies had more laboratories outside their home countries than inside (Pearce and Singh, 1991).
IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management
A Conceptual Framework for Ranking R&D Projects2008 •
Journal of Operations Management
The development and application of a process model for R&D project management in a high tech firm: A field study2011 •
At present the role of joint R&D projects becomes fundamental for understanding the process of innovation. An extensive bibliography exists on the study of the organisations; however, the networks for the development of joint R&D projects themselves as a new form of organisation are still a growing field of study. The aim of this paper is to provide empirical evidence on joint R&D projects management. To approach this question the starting point will be that joint R&D projects are complex phenomena whose complexity derives from the heterogeneity of agents to take part, the technological process developed and from the organizational form that supports R&D projects. The empirical evidence through European R&D Programs shows the multidimensional character of the joint R&D project concept and allows analyze their different subsystems that is, technological, structural and governance subsystem. This study not only offers a conceptual framework to help manage these projects, but also discusses practical guidelines that may be useful for its running and management.
Progress in Political Economy
Climate, Class & Empire: Towards An Ecology Of Revolution2024 •
As Sixties radicals often argued, the issue is not the issue. Of course the core problem is capitalism, and the “solution” – the higher synthesis – is socialism. By capitalism, I mean something quite specific – and different from populist notions of capitalism as an economic system or an aggregation of corporate power. For socialists, capitalism is a structure of class power whose reproduction flows through the law of value’s gravitational field: the abstract imperative to accumulate capital. That implies, and necessitates, imperialism, in Lenin’s and Luxemburg’s distinctive formulations but also more broadly, as a geopolitics of accumulation. As Marx demonstrates, at the core of it all is a labor-metabolic antagonism through which all class societies are mediated. Simply: the capitalist world-ecology is a logic and pattern of class struggle in the web of life. Its gravedigger is the planetary proletariat, a combined and uneven configuration of paid and unpaid work, performed by humans and the rest of nature: proletariat, femitariat and biotariat. Published in Progress in Political Economy, 7 May, 2024, https://www.ppesydney.net/climate-class-empire-towards-an-ecology-of-revolution/
Индоевропейское языкознание и классическая филология - Indo-European linguistics and classical philology
(The Definite Article at an Early Stage: the Data of the Old English Gospel of Mark) РАННЯЯ СТАДИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ АРТИКЛЯ ПО ДАННЫМ ДРЕВНЕАНГЛИЙСКОГО ЕВАНГЕЛИЯ ОТ МАРКА2019 •
Basic features of definite articles at early stages of grammaticalization (such as the shift from anaphoric use of the article to its situational use) are well known. However, variation in article distribution in different contexts and with different categories of noun groups found in historical texts is not researched sufficiently. In this paper we aim to specify some patterns of definite proto-article use that are seen in the Old English Gospel of Mark in order to address the lack of details of the early article use. According to the data of the Gospel, the proto-article follows generally accepted grammaticalization trends: a) concrete singular nouns after the first mention are usually marked with an anaphoric article; b) abstract nouns are, on the contrary, not marked; c) unlike Gothic, anaphoric proto- article can be used in exophoric contexts and with mass nouns. As for variations in article distribution, they are mainly found in contexts that are important regarding the stages of the extension of the article use. In Old English exophoric (situational) use of the article is noticeably more frequent for singular rather than for plural nouns. The article, like in Gothic, cannot be used in the following discourse with nouns denoting ‘people, crowd’ when the pragmatic accessibility of the referent is violated (for example, when the context indicates the change of location). Gothic locative nouns are mostly unmarked because of being inherently definite as elements of the frame in natural discourse. Variations in the use of the anaphoric article with locative nouns in the Gospel corresponds to the pattern seen in Gothic. The recognitional use and generic contexts are also analyzed. The analysis demonstrates the importance of the Old English Gospel of Mark for studying the early stage of article grammaticalization and suggests turning to other Anglo-Saxon texts in order to obtain new records of early use of demonstrative pronoun as a definite article.
Sailing in the Aegean: readings on the …
The economy of the Dodecanese in late antiquity’, in Ch. Papageorgiadou-Banis, A. Giannikouri (eds.), Sailing in the Aegean. Readings on the economy and trade routes, ΜΕΛΕΤΗΜΑΤΑ 53, Athens, 2008, 209-2342008 •
Annual of Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
КУЛТУРА, ЩАСТИЕ И ПАРАДОКСЪТ НА ГОЛЕМИЯ ИЗБОР В СЪВРЕМЕННИТЕ ПАЗАРНИ ОБЩЕСТВА || CULTURE, HAPPINESS AND THE PARADOX OF CHOICE IN MODERN MARKET SOCIETIES2024 •
European Journal of Neuroscience
Effects of High Helium Pressure on Intracellular and Field Potential Responses in the CA1 Region of the In Vitro Rat Hippocampus1996 •
Buletinul Cercurilor Științifice Studențești
STADIUL CERCETĂRII PRIVIND PRACTICILE FUNERARE LA POPULAȚIA GETO-DACICĂ ÎN SECOLELE II a. Chr. - I p. Chr.2018 •
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Physical Activity–Related Injury Profile in Children and Adolescents According to Their Age, Maturation, and Level of Sports Participation2017 •
Pabrik Fiberglass cooler Box, Pabrik Box Motor Delivery Fiberglass, Pabrik Fiberglass Box for Motorcycle, Pabrik Fiberglass insulated Box, Pabrik Fiberglass Box large, Pabrik Fiberglass Box waterproof
TELP/WA : 0822.3006.6162, Distributor Box Fiberglass untuk Kurir, Distributor Box Fiberglass Cleaning Service, Distributor Box Fiberglass untuk Jasa Vacuum2001 •
2023 •
the Journal of Academic Social Sciences
Di̇ji̇tal Ortam Paylaşimlarinda Görsel-Di̇l-Öğreti̇m Üçgeni̇nde Referans Sapmasi SorunsaliProceedings of the 39th International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe)
The Use of Diagrammatic Reasoning to Aid Conceptual Design in Building Information Modeling (BIM)