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|FORUM ROMANUM BELGICUM | 2012 | ARTIKEL 3 Jan Nelis | Imperialismo e mito della romanità nella Terza Roma Mussoliniana COLOFON BELGISCH HISTORISCH INSTITUUT ROME | INSTITUT HISTORIQUE BELGE DE ROME Via Omero 8 - I–00197 ROMA Tel. +39 06 203 98 631 - Fax +39 06 320 83 61 http://www.bhir-ihbr.be Postadres | adresse postale | recapito postale | mailing address Vlamingenstraat 39 - B-3000 leuven Tel. +32 16 32 35 00 Redactiesecretaris | Sécretaire de rédaction | Segretario di redazione | Editorial desk Prof.dr. Claire De Ruyt [claire.deruyt@fundp.ac.be] Forum Romanum Belgicum is het digitale forum van het Belgisch Historisch Instituut te Rome, in opvolging van het Bulletin van het BHIR, waarvan de laatste aflevering nr. LXXVII van jaargang 2007 was. Forum Romanum Belgicum wil met de digitale formule sneller en frequenter inspelen op de resultaten van het lopend onderzoek en zo een rol spelen als multidisciplinair onderzoeksforum. Door de digitale formule kan een artikel, paper (work in progress) of mededeling (aankondiging, boekvoorstelling, colloquium enz.) onmiddellijk gepubliceerd worden. Alle afleveringen zijn ook blijvend te raadplegen op de website, zodat Forum Romanum Belgicum ook een e-bibliotheek wordt. Voorstellen van artikels, scripties (work in progress) en mededelingen die gerelateerd zijn aan de missie van het BHIR kunnen voorgelegd worden aan de redactiesecretaris prof.dr. Claire De Ruyt (claire.deruyt@fundp.ac.be). De technische instructies voor artikels en scripties vindt u hier. De toegelaten talen zijn: Nederlands, Frans, Engels en uiteraard Italiaans. Alle bijdragen (behalve de mededelingen) worden voorgelegd aan peer reviewers vooraleer gepubliceerd te worden. Forum Romanum Belgicum est forum digital de l’Institut Historique Belge à Rome, en succession du Bulletin de l’IHBR, dont le dernier fascicule a été le n° LXXVII de l’année 2007. La formule digitale de Forum Romanum Belgicum lui permettra de diffuser plus rapidement les résultats des recherches en cours et de remplir ainsi son rôle de forum de recherche interdisciplinaire. Grâce à la formule digitale, un article, une dissertation (work in progress) ou une communication (annonce, présentation d’un livre, colloque etc.) pourront être publiés sur-le-champ. Tous les fascicules pourront être consultés de manière permanente sur l’internet, de telle sorte que Forum Romanum Belgicum devienne aussi une bibliothèque digitale. Des articles, des notices (work in progress) et des communications en relation avec la mission de l’IHBR peuvent être soumis à la rédaction: prof.dr. Claire De Ruyt (claire.deruyt@fundp.ac.be). Vous trouverez les instructions techniques pour les articles et les notices à Les langues autorisées sont le néerlandais, le français, l’anglais et bien entendu l’italien. Toutes les contributions (sauf les communications) seront soumises à des peer reviewers avant d’être publiées. Imperialismo e mito della romanità nella Terza Roma Mussoliniana Jan Nelis, ricercatore postdottorale F.W.O.-UGent L’eredità di Roma antica è una matrice culturale costante nella storia dell’Europa. Più VSHFL¿FDPHQWH LQ ,WDOLD OD JUDQGH]]D H OD cultura del passato romano sono spesVR VWDWH LQYRFDWH FRPH OHJLWWLPD]LRQH H EDVH GHOO¶LGHQWLWj QD]LRQDOH )LQ GDOOD PHWj GHOO¶2WWRFHQWR GXUDQWH LO SHULRGR GHOO¶XQL¿FD]LRQH QD]LRQDOH LWDOLDQD LO FRVLGGHWWR 5LVRUJLPHQWR  TXHVWR LQWHUHVVH q GLYHQWDWR un elemento centrale nella volontà di crea]LRQHGLXQRVWDWRLWDOLDQRXQLWDULRLQFRUSRUDQGRLGHDOLTXDOLTXHOOLGL¿HUH]]DQD]LRQDOHXQLWjJUDQGH]]DIRU]D1 &RQ OD SUHVD GHO SRWHUH GHO IDVFLVPR QHO  LO PLWR GL 5RPD HQWUz µXI¿FLDOPHQWH¶ QHOODQXRYDSROLWLFDFXOWXUDOHPDQRQVROR 3HU DUULYDUH D XQ PDVVLPR JUDGR GL FRQVHQVR OD YLWD SXEEOLFD IX LQ XQ FHUWR VHQVRµIDVFLVWL]]DWD¶HµURPDQL]]DWD¶GDOUHJLPH DG HVHPSLR FRQ O¶LVWLWX]LRQH GHO µ1DWDOH GL 5RPD¶  DSULOH  SHU VRVWLWXLUH LO ƒ PDJJLRFRQO¶LQWURGX]LRQHGLXQQXRYRVDOXWRH SDVVRDPEHGXHFRQVLGHUDWLµURPDQL¶HFRQ diversi interventi in campo culturale;2 la rinQRYDWD µHVWHWLFD URPDQD¶ VL WUDGXVVH LQ XQ crescente interesse per i resti dell’antichità URPDQDFKHIXURQRUHVWDXUDWLULSRUWDWLDOOD OXFHHµOLEHUDWL¶GDOOHFRVWUX]LRQLFLUFRVWDQWL SHUGLYHQLUHLQXQFHUWRVHQVRODJUDQGLRVD 1  ,Q TXHVWR FRQWHVWR YD PHQ]LRQDWR LO FRQYHJQR L’Italie et l’Antiquité du Siècle des Lumières à la Grande Guerre FKH KD DYXWR OXRJR DOO¶8QLYHUVLWj GL7RORVD/H0LUDLOQHOQRYHPEUHGHO,OULVXOWDWR GL TXHVWR FRQYHJQR GRYUHEEH DSSDULUH FRPH OLEURQHOFRUVRGHO SUHVVRO¶HGLWRUHPrivat di 7RORVD  3HUPDJJLRULLQIRUPD]LRQLVLYHGDWUDJOLDOWUL&D3HUPDJJLRULLQIRUPD]LRQLVLYHGDWUDJOLDOWUL&D WKHULQH %ULFH Les fastes impériaux LQ )UDQoRLVH /LIIUDQ pG  Rome 1920-1945 (Le modèle fasciste, son Duce, sa mythologie)$XWUHPHQW 3DULVS 1 |FORUM ROMANUM BELGICUM | 2012 | ARTIKEL 3 Jan Nelis | Imperialismo e mito della romanità nella Terza Roma Mussoliniana VFHQDGHOODYLWDSXEEOLFDIDVFLVWDFUHDWDGD DUFKHRORJL VWRULFL FODVVLFLVWL H DUFKLWHWWL3 che lavorarono insieme al culto dell’antichità QHOODFRVLGGHWWDµ7HU]D5RPD¶IDVFLVWD ,QROWUHDWWUDYHUVRSXEEOLFD]LRQLVFLHQWL¿FKH HGLPDVVDSHUVRQDJJLDQWLFKLFRPH9LUJLOLR 2UD]LRH$XJXVWRGLYHQWDURQRLSUHGHFHVVRUL HODIRQWHG¶LVSLUD]LRQHGHOODQXRYDJLRYDQH HYLULOH,WDOLD¿HUDGHOVXRJORULRVRSDVVDWR /DGGRYHOHFHOHEUD]LRQLGL9LUJLOLR  5 e VRSUDWWXWWR GL 2UD]LR  6 si svolsero in XQFOLPDSLXWWRVWRPRGHUDWROD¿JXUDGL$XJXVWRLVSLUzWUDOHYDULHLQL]LDWLYHXQDJUDQGLRVDHVSRVL]LRQH  ODFRVLGGHWWDµ0RVWUD$XJXVWHDGHOOD5RPDQLWj¶FKHOR 3    6XOO¶DUFKHRORJLD QHOOD SURSDJDQGD GHOOD URPDQLWj VLYHGDQRDGHVHPSLR$QWRQLR&HGHUQDMussolini urbanista: Lo sventramento di Roma negli anni del consenso  /DWHU]D 5RPD%DUL $QWRQLR &HGHUQD Les délires de la troisième Rome LQ )UDQoRLVH /LIIUDQ pG  Rome 1920-1945 (Le modèle fasciste, son Duce, sa mythologie) $XWUHPHQW 3DULV S  $UPDQGR 5DYDJOLROL La Roma di Mussolini. 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La Mostra della rivoluzione fascista del 1932,VWLWXWLHGLWRULDOLH SROLJUD¿FLLQWHUQD]LRQDOL*KH]]DQR 2 |FORUM ROMANUM BELGICUM | 2012 | ARTIKEL 3 Jan Nelis | Imperialismo e mito della romanità nella Terza Roma Mussoliniana QHGHOODµVDFUDOL]]D]LRQHGHOODSROLWLFD¶YROXWD GDOUHJLPHGHOODµUHOLJLRQHSROLWLFD¶IDVFLVWD9 ,QTXHVWRFOLPDXQRGHJOLHOHPHQWLSLLPSRUWDQWL IX OD QR]LRQH G¶LPSHULDOLVPR FKH VLQGDOO¶LQL]LRFRVWLWXuXQDGHOOHEDVLGHOO¶LGHRORJLDIDVFLVWD/HJDWRDQFK¶HVVRDOO¶DQWLFKLWjURPDQDO¶µLPSHULDOLVPRURPDQRIDVFLVWD¶ FLRq O¶LQFHVVDQWH XVR IDVFLVWD GHO FRQFHWWR G¶LPSHUR VDUj O¶DUJRPHQWR GHO SUHVHQte studio. 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Bilan des recherches et propositions pour le futur LQ /DWRPXV 5HYXH G¶(WXGHV /DWLQHV   SHSHULOVHJXLWR-DQ1HOLVQuand paganisme et catholicisme se rencontrent: quelques observations concernant la nature du mythe de la romanité dans l’Istituto di Studi RomaniLQ/DWRPXV5HYXHG¶(WXGHV/DWLQHVS 192. venne totalmente assorbita dal discorso politico e colonialista.10 ,O SULPR DVSHWWR HVVHQ]LDOH SHU XQD EXRQD FRPSUHQVLRQHGHOPRGRLQFXLVRWWRLOIDVFLVPROHQR]LRQLGLLPSHURHLPSHULDOLVPRIXURQRFRQFHSLWHqLOORURVXSSRVWRODWRµXQLYHUVDOH¶$GLVSHWWRGHOVXRDVVLGXRXWLOL]]R GXUDQWHLOIDVFLVPRQRQYHQQHPDLHODERUDWD XQD FKLDUD H XQLYRFD GH¿QL]LRQH 6HPEUD FKH TXHVWD FRQIXVLRQH TXHVWR PRGR HWHULFRGLSDUODUHIXODUJDPHQWHLQÀXHQ]DWRGDO GLVFRUVR VXO IDVFLVPR VWHVVR $QFKH HVVR LQIDWWL VL SUHVHQWz VHPSUH FRPH XQD VRUWD GL FUHGR VHPLUHOLJLRVR FI VXSUD  GH¿QLWR VSHVVR FRPH µXQLYHUVDOH¶ H µHWHUQR¶ FRPH VL SXz YHGHUH DG HVHPSLR GDOOH SDUROH GHOO¶DQWLFKLVWD H VHQDWRUH (PLOLR %RGUHUR LO TXDOHVFULVVHFKH³7HRGRUR0RPPVHQGRSR O¶HQWUDWDGHJOLLWDOLDQLD5RPDLOVHWWHPEUHHEEHDGLUHµ$5RPDQRQVLUHJQD FKH FRQ¶XQ LGHD XQLYHUVDOH¶ 4XHVWD SDUROD SURIRQGDPHQWH YHUD q ULPDVWD SXUD SDUROD VLQR DOOD 0DUFLD GL 5RPD SHU ROWUH TXDrant’anni. Solo per opera di Mussolini essa KDDVVXQWRLOFDUDWWHUHGLSURIH]LDHGRJJLGL UHDOWj SHUFKq LO )DVFLVPR q GLYHQWDWR SURSULR TXHOOD LGHD XQLYHUVDOH FKH OR VWRULFR tedesco auspicava...”111HOOHSDJLQHVXFFHVVLYHSHUz%RGUHURQRQRIIUHQHVVXQFKLDULPHQWRVXOFRQWHQXWRHVDWWRGHOO¶LGHDDFXLID ULIHULPHQWR 9HUVRODVHFRQGDPHWjGHJOLDQQL¶LOIDscismo era arrivato all’apice del suo potere. (UDGLYHQXWRXQUHJLPHFRQXQFRQVHQVRGL PDVVD H FRQ XQ¶LGHRORJLD FKH VL SUHVHQWDYDFRPHXQLFDYHULWj,OIDVFLVPRVWHVVRHUD GLYHQWDWR XQ PLWR IRQGDWR VX XQ LQVLHPH GLSUHGHFHVVRULPLWLFLHVWRULFL1HOORVWHVVR PRGR LQ FXL LO µSUHGHFHVVRUH¶ GHO IDVFLVPR O¶DQWLFKLWjURPDQDIDFHYDSDUWHGHOODVWRULD LOIDVFLVPRYROOHµVWRULFL]]DUVL¶µQDWXUDOL]]DUVL¶FRPHVLYHGHDGHVHPSLRQHL’idea la- 10 11  Per un’analisi del concetto d’impero nel contesto SL ODUJR GHOOD SXEEOLFLVWLFD IDVFLVWD GL FXL LO SUHVHQWHVWXGLRWUDHVSXQWRVLYHGD-DQ1HOLV From ancient to modern: the myth of romanità during the YHQWHQQLRIDVFLVWD. The written imprint of Mussolini’s cult of the ‘Third Rome’  %UHSROV 7XUQKRXW /¶DXWRUH ULQJUD]LD O¶,VWLWXWR 6WRULFR %HOJD SHU LO FRQWLQXR VRVWHJQR ¿QDQ]LDULR DOOH VXH ULFHUFKH*UD]LHDQFKHDOGU'RQDWHOOR$UDPLQLSHU OHVXHVXJJHVWLRQL (PLOLR %RGUHUR Roma nel pensiero e nella parola del DuceLQ(PLOLR%RGUHURRoma e il fascismo ,VWLWXWRGL6WXGL5RPDQL5RPDS 3 |FORUM ROMANUM BELGICUM | 2012 | ARTIKEL 3 Jan Nelis | Imperialismo e mito della romanità nella Terza Roma Mussoliniana tina e la latinità di Virgilio GL &DUOR *DODVVL 3DOX]]L IRQGDWRUH H LVSLUDWRUH GHOO¶,VWLWXWR GL 6WXGL 5RPDQL O¶RGLHUQR ,VWLWXWR 1D]LRnale di Studi Romani.123DUODQGRGL9LUJLOLR uno dei principali interpreti del mito della URPDQLWj FI VXSUD  *DODVVL 3DOX]]L LO SL noto rappresentante della corrente cattolica QHJOL VWXGL IDVFLVWL GHGLFDWL DOOD URPDQLWj13 GH¿QLVFH5RPDFRPHXQDVRUWDGLalma mater RQQLYHGHQWH H RQQLSRWHQWH 'L QXRYR OD QR]LRQH GL XQLYHUVDOLWj DSSDUH DOOD ¿QH PD VHQ]D DJJLXQJHUH FRQWHQXWL VRVWDQ]LDOL ³5RPD q OD VROD SRWHQ]D DVVLPLODWULFH OD TXDOHKDFDSDFLWjGLDSSHWLUHGLDJJUHJDUH HSRVFLDGLDVVLPLODUHWXWWRLOPRQGRLQIRQGHQGRQHJOLHOHPHQWLDVVLPLODWLHTXLQGLWUDVIRUPDWLORVSLULWRODWLQRHURPDQRLOTXDOH DOWUR QRQ VLJQL¿FD VH QRQ DPRUH RUGLQDWR per l’universale.” 12  13  3HU PDJJLRUL LQIRUPD]LRQL VX TXHVWR LVWLWXWR FKH GXUDQWH LO YHQWHQQLR IDVFLVWD IX XQR VWUXPHQWR SHUODGLIIXVLRQHGHOPLWRGL5RPDDWWUDYHUVRSXEEOLFD]LRQL H FRQIHUHQ]H VL YHGDQR WUD JOL DOWUL $QWRQLR /D 3HQQD La rivista Roma e l’Istituto di Studi Romani. 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