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As early as 1920, Iraqi women were moving towards gaining more rights and better education and were considered to be some of the most highly educated and pioneering women professionals in the Middle East. However, Iraqi women were only allowed into veterinary colleges in 1966. In 1971–1972, two women were graduated from the College of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Baghdad: Layla Al-Bassam and Faeza Al-Madfae became the first female veterinarians in the country. Since that time, the number of female veterinary graduates in Iraq has increased only slowly, because of various socio-economic factors. The veterinary profession in Iraq is still a male-dominated career, with 61.80% being males and 38.19% being females.
The experiment was conducted to study the influence of different doses of Esterilsol® in neutering of dogs. Ten experimental trials were made in 10 dogs in three different groups. These animals were treated with Esterilsol® in Group 1 @ 1 ml for 27 mm or more testicular width, in Group 2 @ 2 ml for 27 mm or more testicular width and in Group 3 distilled water @ 1 ml for 27 mm or more testicular width in 2 dogs and @ 2 ml for 27 mm or more testicular width in 2 dogs to observe their effects on different clinical, morphological and histopathological parameters. Intratesticular injection of Esterilsol® in Group 1@ 1 ml significantly (P<0.05) reduced sperm motility at day 5 of administration. Significant reduction (P<0.05) of sperm motility was also recorded with Esterilsol® in dogs of group 2. Greater Sperm motility (15.7), however, was found in dogs of Group 2 than that in Group 1. The highest percentage of sperm motility was 67.5 in dogs of Group 3 where no Esterilsol® was injected. The lowest sperm motility (6.7), on the other hand, was obtained in dogs of Group 1. Histopathological studies revealed degenerated seminiferous tubules in dogs of Group 1 and 2, containing pyknotic nuclei and inflammatory cells. These changes were not observed in dogs receiving distilled water. Presence of immature spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules of experimental animals in Group 1 and 2 was lower than that in dogs of Group 3.
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