International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2016
www.irjet.net
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Study the parametric optimization of TIG welding
Gurdev singh1, Aman Bansal, Dr Amit kumar Gupta, Amandeep singh
Dept. of mechanical engineering, Institutes of engineering and technology (I.E.T) Bhaddal, Ropar, Punjab
---------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------Abstracts:- Tungsten inert gas welding or in other
word known as Gas tungsten arc welding is one of
the welding process among the other welding
technique. This type of welding is highly used to join
the ferrous and non ferrous metal. The main motive
of this paper study to knows about the optimal
parameters for TIG welding. The material properties
like Tensile strength, impact strength, hardness of
weld joints largely affected by welding parameters.
Therefore in last decade researcher have workout to
find the optimal parameters for TIG welding. So this
paper review the different scientific research in TIG
welding to find the best parameter with help of
Taguchi technique.
Key words:- TIG welding, parameters,
optimization, weld joints, Taguchi technique
1. INTRODUCTION
TIG welding process is most widely used
process in which used a power source,
electrode, shielding gas, electrode and work
piece . This process is mainly used to joining
thin and medium thickness materials. The TIG
welding process consists of non consumable
electrode which provides the arc for the
welding [1]. The protection of molten puddle
is done with the help of shielding gas.
© 2016, IRJET
|
1.1 WORKING
The working of TIG Welding process shown in
diagram. When the current supply between
the electrode and work piece so due to this
potential difference set up and spark is
produce. This spark produces very high
temperature near about 6000 0C and due to
this the weld pool is produce by melting work
piece with help of heat which is generating
during the sparking between electrode and
work piece. To avoid from the contamination
from atmosphere shielding gas (argon and
helium) is used. Mostly argon is used because
it is heavy and produces better shielding at
lower flow rate [2]. In TIG welding, current
alternate between two levels. Pulse current is
known as first level or high current state and
background known as second level and lower
level.
Impact Factor value: 4.45
|
Page 412
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2016
www.irjet.net
1.2EQUIPMENTS
(1) Power source, high frequency units and
cables
(2) Electrode, torch and filler rods,
(3) Inert gas with regulators.
1.2.1 Power supplies :- In the TIG welding
there are two power source mainly used direct
current power supplies for steels, titanium and
nickel and alternate current power supplies for
aluminum and magnesium.
1.2.2 Electrode:- In the TIG non consumable
tungsten electrode used having high melting
temperature near about 3500 oC . There are three
types of materials used for TIG welding: pure
tungsten, Zirconiated tungsten & thoriated
tungsten.
Filler rod:- the selection of filler rods mainly
depends on the compositions of base metal.
1.2.3 Inert gas:- The selection of shield gas
most effect weld quality . In TIG welding argon.
Helium and argon- helium mixture used. Mostly
argon is used because of its weight and less
expenders.
2. LITERATURES
A.s Sahi invested that the influence of the heat
on the mechanical properties and microstructure
properties of weld material. In experiment
different three heat parameters taken on the
tungsten arc welding process. Significant grain
coursing was found in the area of heat effective
zone for all joints moreover it was observed that
grain coarsening in affected area set up with
increase in the heat input. In this present work
© 2016, IRJET
|
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
researchers also found that length and spacing in
weld zone depend on the heat input which also
effects the tensile properties of weld joint.
Mr.Pikid Danugmala proposed the optimal
factors on gas metal arc welding with factorial
design with 2 level and four factors current,
speed, gas, voltage. Researcher with the help of
central composite design finds out optimization
of important parameters. The optimal conditions
were 125.00 amp. of current, 14.20 inch per
minute of speed and 27 Voltage. The optimal of
tensile test was 599.379N/mm2.
Qiang
Zhu studied the effects on pore
distribution and tensile properties of
arc
ultrasonic in tungsten arc welding on the MGH
956 alloy . Researcher investigated that the
excitation current of arc ultra sonic has a very
large effect on the tensile strength and on the
pores distribution. When current step up from
20A to 30A tensile strength also step up. When
ultra sonic frequency decreased from 60 kHz to
30 kHz, bubbles floated outside and increase
tensile strength. More over ultrasonic has little
influence on weld joints micro hardness change.
R. Arabi jeshvaghani find the effect on
microstructure and wear of Ni- based alloy
Using tungsten inert gas welding , in which
experiment 1-2 mm thick coating was deposit on
weld piece .Electron and Optical microscopy, Xdiffraction analysis were used for microstructure
of weld joint . Results shows that M23c6 carbides
have large amount of Ni solid solution and partial
heat melted zone had eutectic and martensite
microstructure but martensite structure shown in
heat effected zone.
Impact Factor value: 4.45
|
Page 413
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2016
www.irjet.net
S.P. Lu proposed that pure He gas using in TIG
welding as inner shield gas on cr13Ni5Mo
martensitic stainless steels and a mixer of He and
CO2 act as outer shielding gas for welding
purpose . This is welding lead to solve the
problem of oxidation of electrode. The oxygen
content present in the weld pool have large
impact of surface tension if the oxygen content
present in the range of 80-120 ppm the change
from outward to inward, as result show large
weld depth/width ratio. This experiment shows
high welding accuracy as comparing to the
traditional Tig welding and also shows good
impact than metal arc welding.
Uger Esme were investigated that the
optimization parameter of tungsten inert gas
(TIG) welding process to the optimal parameter
of welded joint with the help of Taguchi and the
grey relational technique. Sixteen experiments
were performed with an orthogonal array of
Taguchi technique to found the objective
function with in experimental domain. This
objective function selected with relation to
parametric geometry of bead of TIG welding ,
bead penetration, bead height, bead width and
heat effected Zone as well as tensile load. This
Taguchi technique performed by grey relational
analysis to short out the optimums problems. The
important factors on all qualitative characteristics
of weld joint evaluated with help of ANOVA.
These optimal results verified with the help of
additional experiment. This represents feasibility
of grey relational analysis in combination with
addition of Taguchi method for continuously
implementation in productive
quality for
industry.
© 2016, IRJET
|
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Mukesh, Sanjeev Sharma these paper discuss
the influence of different input parameters such
as welding current, gas flow rate and welding
speed on the mechanical properties in TIG. The
output response such as microstructure, hardness,
and tensile strength of weld specimens are
investigated in this study. In this L9 orthogonal
array is used, which consist of 3 input
parameters. Analysis was done by the application
of Taguchi design using Minitab 16. Austenitic
stainless steel 202 grade size 100 x 50 x 6 mm
with square edge butt joints were prepared in this
experiments. ANOVA analysis was performed
for the analysis purpose which show that the
current is the most significant parameters that
influenced the tensile strength and microhardness of the weld. The delta ferrite in matrix
of austenite SS 202 Microstructure of weld metal
structure shows. The highest tensile strength is
0.595 KN/mm2 is obtained at speed of welding
180mm/s, current 210 A and gas flow rate
141m/s.
Raghuvir singh were carried out experiment and
investigated the influence of TIG welding
Parameters like speed, flux and current on
penetrated depth and width in welding joints of
304 Stainless steels have observed. From the
observation it was found that the fluxes used
have very most efficient effect on the depth of
penetration followed by welding current.
Moreover SIO2 is large effect on depth.
Optimization was worked out to minimize bead
width and maximize penetration.
Dheeraj singh, Joyti vimal, These investigators
proposed significant parameters of welding in
Tungsten arc welding (TIG) with using the
Taguchi research methodology with L16 table .
Impact Factor value: 4.45
|
Page 414
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2016
www.irjet.net
in this experiment researcher use 4 parameters
and 4 levels . The name of parameters are
operated in this experiment are gas flow, current,
welding speed and angle of gun. The response are
penetration , width of bead , tensile load and bead
geometry. The experiment were performed on
304 SS plate having (30x 250) dimension. From
this experiment An optimal parameters came out
for best response that are current 40 Ampere ,
speed 12m/min, angle of gun 80 degree and gas
flow rate 5l/min.
Deepak Malik, Sachin kumar : studied the
angular distortion in butt weld plates . These
angular distortion come in existence due to un uniform shrinkage along the weld length. In this
paper use L9 orthogonal array to design the
experiment. TIG welding was worked on 302 SS
having length 50mm and thickness and using 4
parameters and three levels. Length of work
piece , diameter of electrode , current and gap
between plates . Angular distortion shows the
significant effect due to increase plate length as
well as diameter of electrode and it have negative
effect due to increase current and increase the
gap between passes.
N.Ren ,M.Zan studied the effect on the heat
affected zone of welding parameters . this
experiment are carried by using FE simulation.
After experiment shows that as the weld portion
lie opposite, the constraining effect like thickness
decrease and circumferential and heat effective
zone (HAZ) increases.
Indra Rani : studied that mechanical properties
of AA6351 work piece by using TIG welding
with pulsed current and non pulsed current . size
of work piece are 300mm , 150mm and 6mm.
© 2016, IRJET
|
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
This experiment was carried out with current 7074 A, frequency 3 and 7 Hz and 700-760
mm/min. in this paper concluded very less defect.
it show that weld is done at correct tip angle of
Torch.
3. CONCLUSIONS
The present paper give a study of optimization
on the parameters on TIG welding. From the
literature, it observed that there are lot of work
have done for parameters like current, voltage,
gas flow and speed to find out the tensile strength
, hardness and heat effected zone. From above
papers study some conclusions came outside
which is given below.
1. Different parameters (different gas,
electrode diameters, different
compositions of filler rods ) of process
can be taken for welding 309 stainless
steel with Taguchi and ANOVA method.
2. To study the effects of parameters on
impact strength of butt weld joint on
different grove angles.
3. To find out the residual stress on different
parameters during the welding process.
4. To find out the best suitable parameters
for maximum tensile strength, fatigue
strength, hardness and heat effected zone.
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
The author are greatly thankful to Mr Sukhdev
Singh Grewal and Mr Milanpreet Singh Deol
for providing knowledge and support to carry
out this present work.
Impact Factor value: 4.45
|
Page 415
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2016
www.irjet.net
REFERENCES
[1]. Imran A. Shaikh and M.Veerabhadra Rao,
Optimizing Process Parameters for T)G
Welding using Taguchi Method & Grey
Relational Analysis, International Journal of
Science and Research, vol 4, No 6, pp. 24492452, June 2015.
[2]. R.Kumar and S. R. Sundara Bharathi,
Study on A-TIG Welding of 316(L) Austenitic
Stainless Steel, International Journal of
Emerging Trends in Science and Technology,
volume 02, issue 03,pp 2066-2072, march
2015.
[ ]. )ndira Rani M and R N Marpu, Effect of
Pulsed Current Tig Welding Parameters on
Mechanical Properties of J-Joint Strength of
Aa
,
The )nternational Journal of
Engineering And Science, Vol 1, No 1, pp. 0.105, NOV 2015.
[ ]. N,Ren,M.Zan, Constructing effect of weld
& heat affected zone on deformation behavior
of welded tubes in numerical control bending
process , Journal on material processing
technology, vol 2, pp 1006-1010, (2012).
[5]. Ugur Esme, Melih Bayramoglu, Yugut
Kazancoglu, Sueda Ozgun Optimization of
weld bead geometry in Tig welding process
using grey relation analysis and taguchi
method. Original scientific article/Izvirni
znanstveni clanek, P 143 -149, 2009.
[6]. Raghuvir Singh, Dr. N.M Suri, Prof. Jagjit
Randhawa
Optimization
of
Process
© 2016, IRJET
|
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Authors express sincere gratitude to Dr Amit
Kumar Gupta and other colleagues for
stimulating guidance.
Parameters for TIG welding of 304L Stainless
Steel using Response Surface Methodology.
International Journal of Mechanical Science
and Civil Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 2, pp
36-40, June 2013.
[7]. Deepak Malik, Sachin Kumar, Mandeep
Saini, Effect of Process Parameters on
Angular Distortion of Gas Tungsten Arc
Welded SS
& MS plate , )JERSTE, Vol. ,
Issue 8, pp 18-24, August-2014.
[ ]. Mukesh, Sanjeev Sharma, Study of
Mechanical Properties in Austenitic Stainless
Steel Using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
GTAW ,)JERA, Vol. , )ssue , pp.
-553,
Nov-Dec 2013.
[9]. Dheeraj Singh, Vedansh Chaturvedi, Jyoti
Vimal, Parametric Optimization on of TIG
Process Using Taguchi and Grey Taguchi
analysis , )JETED, Vol.4, Issue 4,June-July
2013.
[ ]. A.S. Shahi and Subodh Kumar, Effect of
heat input on the microstructure and
mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc
welded A)S)
stainless steel joints, journal
of materials and design, vol 32, pp 3617-3623,
[11]. Mr.Pikid Duangmala, Optimization of
Gas Metal Arc Welding Parameters for Steel ST
Using Response Surface Method, student
thesis of Master of Engineering (Industrial
Engineering).
Impact Factor value: 4.45
|
Page 416
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2016
www.irjet.net
[12]. Qiang Zhu, Yu-cheng Lei, Yunlong Wang
and Wei (uang, Effects of arc-ultrasonic on
pores distribution and tensile property in
T)G welding joints of MG(
alloy,
journal of Fusion Engineering and Design, vol
89, pp 2964-2970, September 2014.
[13]. R. Arabi Jeshvaghani and M. Jaberzadeh,
Microstructural study and wear behavior of
ductile iron surface alloyed by )nconel
,
journal of Materials and Design, vol 54, pp
491-497, august 2013.
[ ]. S.P. Lu and M.P. Qin, (ighly efficient T)G
welding of Cr13Ni5Mo martensitic stainless
steel,
Journal of Materials Processing
© 2016, IRJET
|
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Technology, vol 213, pp 229-237, October
2012.
Authors :1. Gurdev Singh, Asst. Prof. IET Bhaddal
Technical Campus, Ropar, Punjab,
India.
2. Dr. Amit Kumar Gupta, Dean Academics
& HOD-ME, IET Bhaddal Technical
Campus, Ropar.
3. Aman Kumar Bansal, Professor. IET
Bhaddal Technical Campus, Ropar.
4. Amandeep Singh , Asst. Prof. IET
Bhaddal Technical Campus, Ropar,
Punjab
Impact Factor value: 4.45
|
Page 417