Live Your Story Tikkun March/April 2001

Türkiye’de Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti tarihi araştırmalarının Fuat Köprülü ile birlikte öncü isimlerinden biri olan Prof. Dr. Mükrimin Halil Yinanç, 1900-1961 yılları arasında yaşamış; araştırmalarını Türk Tarih Kurumu çatısı altında sürdürmüştür. Selçuklu araştırma dünyası iki ismin çalışmalarından sonra zenginleşmiş; Osman Turan, İbrahim Kafesoğlu, Mehmet Altan Köymen gibi diğer araştırmacıların katkısı ile Selçuklu tarihi hakkında geniş bir bilgi birimi oluşmuştur. Nitekim bu isimlerden biri olan İbrahim Kafesoğlu, Sultan Melikşah Devrinde Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu (1949) adlı doktorasını Mükrimin Halil Yinanç’ın danışmanlığında tamamlamıştır. Yinanç, İstanbul Üniversitesi’nde akademik araştırmalarda bulunmuş, Türk Tarih Tezi çalışmalarını yapan ekipte yer almasına rağmen bu çalışmalara muhalif tutumu nedeniyle katkı vermekten uzak durmuştur. Yinanç’ın çalışmalarının önemli bir bölümü Anadolu Mecmuası ile Târîh-i Osmânî Encümeni Mecmûası’nda yayınlanmıştır. 1015 yılından 1085’e ...

Most books by or about Antonio Gramsci reproduce on their covers the same studio photograph dating from the early 1920s. It is a head and shoulders portrait showing Gramsci with longish hair, dark coat buttoned at the neck, unsmiling and looking into the camera through wire-rimmed glasses. This was also the image of him most commonly displayed in Communist Party branches all over Italy from the late 1940s to 1991. Yet if we compare it with other extant photographs of Gramsci, as well as with those of other revolutionary leaders adopted as iconic in the communist movement, we can see it differs from the former and resembles the latter in several ways. The most striking difference is the erasure of any sign of Gramsci's bodily impairment: the curvature of the spine and short stature resulting from the spinal tuberculosis he had as a child. The article examines the history of this photograph and the way it became adopted as the approved image of Gramsci and considers what was at stake in removing from official memory a condition of disability that was central to his own personal and political identity.

a. Investigar el origen del estándar OSI y su impacto en la construcción de arquitecturas de red. R/ El estándar OSI es un modelo de referencia para los protocolos de red de arquitecturas en capas creado en 1984 por la Organización Internacional de Normalización (ISO, International Organization for Standardization). A principios de 1980 el desarrollo de redes originó desorden en muchos sentidos. Se produjo un enorme crecimiento en la cantidad y tamaño de las redes. Las empresas empezaron a tener muchas dificultades en el intercambio de información por no tener compatibilidad en las implementación y las especificaciones de las redes que utilizaban; para solucionar este problema la ISO investigo sobre los modelos de conexión, la arquitectura de sistemas de red (Systems Network Architecture, SNA) y TCP/IP consiguiendo un conjunto de reglas aplicables de forma general a todas las redes. Con base en esta investigación, la ISO desarrolló un modelo de red que ayuda a los fabricantes a crear redes que sean compatibles con otras redes. El modelo de referencia OSI se ha convertido en el modelo principal para las comunicaciones por red, el modelo OSI se considera la mejor herramienta disponible para enseñar cómo enviar y recibir datos a través de una red. Esta arquitectura aislar las funciones de comunicación de la red en capas, minimizamos el impacto de cambios tecnológicos en el juego de protocolos, es decir, podemos añadir nuevas aplicaciones sin cambios en la red física y también podemos añadir nuevo hardware a la red sin tener que reescribir el software de aplicación. b. Analizar las funciones de cada capa del modelo OSI.

The decrease in vegetation cover due to urban expansion poses serious challenge to urban sustainability. Protected areas (PAs) are the most effective tools to prevent the loss of urban vegetation cover and to control urban expansion. Hence, this study aims to assess the importance of PAs in protecting urban vegetation and the urban expansion in the mega city of Delhi. For this, Landsat datasets were used for land use and land cover (LULC) mapping and then land cover change rate (LCCR) and land cover intensity (LCI) were calculated. For assessing urban expansion dynamics, mean landscape expansion index (MLEI) and the area-weighted LEI (AWLEI) were calculated. To evaluate the significance of PAs in protecting vegetation cover, kernel density estimation (KDE) was applied to assess the spatial variation and concentration of vegetation cover under different PAs. The result shows that urban expansion in Delhi was initially characterized by edge expansion during 1991-2001, followed by outlying expansion of built-up area during 2001-2021, while infilling of open and vegetated areas by built-up area was consistent during 1991-2021. Vegetation cover on the other hand, has followed a fluctuating trend in the city, but has overall it has declined from 13.36% to 9.30% during 1991-2021. The vegetation cover has declined significantly in eastern, northern, and western parts of Delhi but has increased significantly in central and southern parts, especially during 2001-21. This is because the central and southern parts of Delhi are well planned and have several PAs while the western, northern, and eastern parts of Delhi are unplanned regions and have only a few PAs. The KDE chart shows that the PAs have played an important role in protecting the vegetation cover in Delhi with R 2 value > 0.70. Hence, this study suggests to give special emphasis on preservation and expansion of PAs in urban planning for the long-term conservation of urban vegetation cover and sustainable urban development.

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In contrast to most other plant tissues, fleshy fruits are meant to be eaten in order to facilitate seed dispersal. Although fleshy fruits attract consumers, they may also contain toxic secondary metabolites. However, studies that link the effect of fruit toxins with seed dispersal and predation are scarce. Glucosinolates (GLSs) are a family of bitter-tasting compounds. The fleshy fruit pulp of Ochradenus baccatus was previously found to harbor high concentrations of GLSs, whereas the myrosinase enzyme, which breaks down GLSs to produce foul tasting chemicals, was found only in the seeds. Here we show the differential behavioral and physiological responses of three rodent species to high dose (80%) Ochradenus' fruits diets. Acomys russatus, a predator of Ochradenus' seeds, was the least sensitive to the taste of the fruit and the only rodent to exhibit taste-related physiological adaptations to deal with the fruits' toxins. In contrast, Acomys cahirinus, an Ochradenus se...