Shared Economy in Tourism Cities Goal: This Call for Papers for the International Journal of Tourism Cities focuses on a Themed Issue on the Shared Economy with the following aims: 1. Define and operationalize the concept of a destination under the new sharing economy paradigm. 2. Determine the relationship of impacts (positive and negative) generated in destinations by the sharing economy. 3. Explore the physical, social, economic and experiential dimensions of the sharing economy in destinations. 4. New entrepreneurs, new hospitality services, new employees and new tourists within the sharing economy. New regulations and guidelines for destinations and the relationships among their stakeholders. 5. The role of destination management organizations (DMOs) in this new scenario. 6. Analyze visitors’ destination images and changes therein produced by the sharing economy. Date: 4 December 2018 - 30 June 2019

The “sharing economy” has been growing rapidly in recent years. In particular, the popular book by Rachel Botsmann and Roo Rogers “What’s Mine is Yours” (2010) and the emergence of a number of large players in the sharing business, such as Uber and Airbnb, have sparked controversy on the nature of sharing and how it affects the metropolis. Although sharing is by no means a new phenomenon (Belk, 2010: 715), it has experienced a significant boost. This has been facilitated by the possibilities offered by the internet, especially the interactive options of the “social web” (Behrendt et al., 2011). However, alongside the mere economic aspects of online sharing, there are also a number of sociological and psychological drivers involved, especially with regard to tourism (Germann Molz, 2014). In tourism, the main effect of the sharing economy has been on the accommodation sector. Sharing websites such as couchsurfing.org and airbnb.com serve as matchmakers between potential hosts offering idle housing capacity and potential guests seeking suitable accommodation (Germann Molz and Gibson, 2007; Picard and Buchberger, 2013). However, what makes sharing websites so special is that, in addition to offering visitors to metropolitan areas overnight stays at little or no charge, they promise real, authentic experiences and personal encounters with local residents going about their everyday lives in the city (Pappalepore, Maitland and Smith, 2010: 228; 2014: 234). The aim of this chapter is to explore what collaborative consumption in tourism means to “explorer tourists” (Griffin, Hayllar and Edwards, 2008: 55) seeking authentic experiences off the beaten track and outside the “tourist bubble” (Judd, 1999; Maitland and Newman, 2009). The chapter opens with an introduction to the basic characteristics of the sharing economy, focusing on the relevant theoretical concepts of hospitality in urban tourism. Based on empirical findings from a variety of questionnaires, an outline of the respondents’ socio-demographic structure follows. We will then proceed to analyse their reasons for sharing accommodation, and their expectations. Empirical evidence shows that – in addition to the monetary aspect, which of course plays a role – there is a wide range of non-monetary motives for sharing accommodation. These motives include host/guest interaction, the individuality and design of the accommodation, and the specific location. A secondary aspect addressed in the chapter explores the side effects of Airbnb as a stakeholder in urban transformation and gentrification processes. These issues include the transformation of residential housing into holiday rentals as well as the increasing number of visitors in residential neighbourhoods and the consequences that result, such as noise, waste and crowded streets, as well as a change in the retail infrastructure (Füller and Michel, 2014). The chapter concludes with an illustration of the policy steps the government in Berlin has taken up to this point to steer the manifestations of the sharing economy in a sustainable direction.

The purpose of the article is to identify the impacts generated in the cities by the sharing economy in tourism and the presentation of solutions appearing due to sharing economy development and implementation in particular cities. Contemporary cities are functioning in extremely dynamic conditions that are difficult to predict. In view of the globalising economy, progressive urbanisation, rapid changes in information and communication technologies, as well as social demographic, geopolitical and economic changes, new problems appear and solutions to them have to be implemented by cities. One of these phenomena that are relatively new and fast growing, and influence development of cities, is sharing economy (SE) in tourism. The greatest concern of the city authorities is fast and unrestrained development of services through global platforms in the accommodation and passenger transport industry, and the powerful global leaders of these markets – Airbnb and Uber have become very impor...

The sharing economy continues to evolve in the tourism sector as a convenient - and even personalised - choice in the search for more authentic experiences by tourists with a wide range of disposable incomes (Paulauskaite et al., 2017). This breakthrough innovation has changed the tourism ecosystem as well as tourism destinations at all levels. New players have arrived, redefining relationships among stakeholders and creating new impacts in tourism cities or exacerbating existing ones, including the contested phenomenon of overtourism (see, for instance Koens et al., 2018; or Szromek et al., 2019, among others). Examples of these newcomers can be found in online platforms that range from accommodation (e.g. Airbnb, HomeAway, CouchSurfing) to transport (e.g. Uber, BlaBlaCar), and also include customer reviews (e.g. TripAdvisor), general information (e.g. Wikipedia, Wikitravel), travel guiding (e.g. Tours by Locals) and food & beverage (e.g. EatWith), among others. In fact, the advent of the sharing economy has had a profound impact on the hospitality and tourism ecosystem over the last decade, affecting almost every single one of its components (Almeida-Santana and Moreno-Gil, 2017). The rapid development of the sharing economy and particularly some of its more negative impacts have led to a number of global tourism destinations taking measures to regulate it and, in some cases, limit it considerably. These have included Barcelona (Spain), where local government stopped issuing new licenses for short-term rental accommodation nearly three years ago (Burgen, 2017). Since then, key tourism destinations globally have sought to limit the expansion of Airbnb and other short-term accommodation service platforms (Guttentag, 2018). In Europe global tourism cities such as Krakow, Amsterdam, Berlin, Paris and Vienna, among others, have also sought help from the European Union to tighten up existing regulatory frameworks in this respect (Henley, 2019). However, this reaction by tourism cities is not limited to the accommodation sector. London, for instance, revoked Uber’s license to operate as a private transport provider in November 2019 as a result of irregularities found in its service provision – a decision that is currently subject to appeal by Uber (Topham, 2019). One of the issues this situation inevitably raises is the extent to which the initial ethical principles of the sharing economy have evolved over time and what role can operators such as Fairbnb play in today’s sharing economy spectrum of services and operators (Petruzzi et al., 2019).

The study focuses on the spatial expression of Airbnb and the platform's ads to investigate the interrelationship between the spatial distribution of the Airbnb offer and the urban-tourist dynamics of Curitiba. The quantitative method was conducted through spatial data analysis and descriptive statistics, using digital data source (AirDNA, 2017). The results highlight the understanding of the dynamics of Airbnb with the urban-tourist space; the indication that the Airbnb offer does not pose a threat to conventional hotel occupation; the occurrence of multiple advertisements from the same host as an indication of negative externality; the reinforcement of centrality as a common element in the analysis of the spatial distribution of the Airbnb offer and the regions with the best socioeconomic indicators; and the eminence of new actors in the local tourist dynamics. The theoretical implications highlight the complex relationships between producers, consumers, local community, and public organizations in the context of collaborative economy and the contribution to debates about territorial tourism planning at local level. The conclusion points out that the spatial distribution of Airbnb blurs the limits of what would be the par excellence tourist space of Curitiba, considering new uses of space and its potential for interrelationship.

On the basis of World Economic Forum data, the phenomenon of the sharing economy has continued to grow since 2013. It is estimated that by 2025 the value of this phenomenon will reach 335 billion dollars (PwC, 2017). Most of this growth will depend on the tourism sector, in which the sharing economy can be a valid alternative to professional tourism services (Tussyadiah & Pesonen, 2018; Tussyadiah & Zach, 2017; Farmaki et al, 2020; Sarlay & Neuhofer, 2020). Compared to the past, today’s tourists demand more individual and authentic experiences, stronger relationships with the local community, and an active participation. To respond to these needs, online sharing platforms have become relevant, especially in the accommodation and transport fields, where individuals can access resources directly from other individuals, either for free or for fee (Sthapit & Björk, 2019). Despite the wide potential of the sharing economy in tourism, the phenomenon is still little understood and the scie...

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this study is to review and synthesise recent studies in the sharing economy literature and identify the knowledge gap and future opportunities for hospitality and tourism researchers. Design/methodology/approach – The study commences by introducing sharing economy models and strategic frameworks for profitable service enabler performance. Following this, it identifies emerging overarching theories (e.g. complexity theory, social exchange theory, norm activation model, and value cocreation) and some emerging themes (i.e. trust and reputation, disruptive behaviour, choice and segmentation, pricing strategies, socially excluded consumers, personality and satisfaction) in current hospitality and tourism studies from top-tier journals. Findings – The findings of the study suggest new paths for advancing theoretical and practical implications for hospitality and tourism studies. Practical implications – The themes, models and overarching theories reviewed in this study are relevant and insightful across the fulcrum of hospitality and tourism research. It offers several useful guides for practitioners and academics to trace relevant literature on different aspects of sharing economy and perceptibly highlight the gaps in existing studies. Originality/value – The paper provides new directions to broaden interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches undertaken by scholars within both the field of hospitality and tourism management and beyond. Keywords Sharing economy, Hospitality and tourism, Theories, Themes

This article aims to review the existing investigations concerning the sharing economy in tourism and to attempt an interdisciplinary presentation of the size and specific characteristics of this phenomenon in the tourism market. The study discusses the main determinants of the sharing economy idea in tourism, the scope of consumer acceptance and assessment of this phenomenon (own survey results) and indicates inevitable consequences of changing needs, not only in the service market but also in the labour market. Drawing on the results of previous research, the article focuses on competition methods employed by enterprises, the use of creativity and innovation in tourism, the ways of using cost advantages (including by cutting the costs of ‘red tape’ and intermediaries). The discussion of the current situation in the tourism market also indicates activities undertaken in order to protect the existing competitive positions of traditional tourism businesses. It compares certain aspect...