Tourism and Hotel Management

Project selection is vital phase in the project management cycle. At this phase, stakeholders evaluate each project idea and
select projects of highest priority. Theory suggests that the best way to optimize project selection performance is to align this
process with the company’s strategy. The aim of current study was to examine the extent to which strategic alignment
practices influence project selection performance of hotels in Nakuru town. Specifically, the study sought to examine the
influence of objective alignment practices, core value alignment practices, and capability alignment practices on project
selection performance of hotel establishments within Nakuru town. The study utilized the descripto-explanatory research
design where cross-sectional data was collected from a sample of 73 participants using structured questionnaires. The
sample was drawn from a population of 86 mid-level managers from eight star-rated hotels located within Nakuru Central
Business District using proportionate stratification technique. The resultant data was analyzed using both descriptive
statistics and regression technique. Results showed that objective alignment practices (p=0.00 and Beta= 0.611), core value
alignment (p=0.001 and Beta=0.411) and capability alignment practices (p=0.00 and Beta= 0.465) have significant and
positive influence on project selection performance. However, regulatory practices were found to have no significant
moderating effect on the relationship between strategic alignment practices and project selection performance. The research
recommended that hotels should adopt portfolio model of selecting and managing projects, and create project management
offices as ways for promoting better alignment between project selection processes and organizational strategies.

Benefits of customer loyalty scheme and brand loyalty programmes of Accor Hotels: A case study based on Mercure London City Bankside Hotel.

The research on the subject of customer loyalty in the hotel industry and fostering such loyalty through a multi-brand loyalty programme by Accor group of hotel evaluates the concepts relating to behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. It was found that loyalty programs not only reward the customers for repeat purchase behaviour, but also has an important strategic role in collecting the information about the customers. The various viewpoints relating to the implementation of loyalty programs, design of reward schemes and the utilisation of information collected from the customer are discussed. In the case of Accor hotels, there are several brands with differentiated service offerings and the reward scheme is an integrated one. The Accor hotels reward scheme provides points to the customers for staying in the participating hotels/brands such as Sofitel, Pullman, MGallery, Grand Mercure, Novotel, Suite Novotel, Mercure, Adagio, Ibis and Spa.
Through convenience sampling method two managers and four junior managers in the marketing department were interviewed. From the research, and mostly through the interview data it was found that the customers are able to accrue the points for their stay and spend at the hotel, and redeem their loyalty benefits at more than 2500 participating hotels from the lower end Ibis (budget hotel) to the upper end luxury Sofitel and Pullman hotels. The customers are able to exchange these reward points at various points of sale such as at the airports, taxis and related travel services. All the redemptions are targeted at the travelling customer and their needs and hence travelling customers are benefitted. The loyalty programme is also inducing the customer to spend more as the rewards collected can be redeemed against the services of the different hotel properties.
Since there is collaboration between travel and hospitality organisations, Accor hotel is benefitting significantly. It is clear that with the entire organisation the Mercure Hotel is also benefitting from the multi-brand loyalty scheme. The customers at the bottom of the pyramid in the brand structure of Accor group would be moving upwards and there are a considerable number of properties under the lower mid-scale and lowest scale such as the Ibis. The recommendations is to target and capture restaurant customers with the help of direct sales approach from the waiters and customer facing employees in the restaurant to become member in the loyalty programme. The customer-facing employee’s right from the lobby to the restaurant should be provided training to give special service to such repeat customers.

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This book chapter addresses the decision-making processes that international hotel corporations engage in during their expansion procedures, and focusses on the entry and presence of these corporations in Bulgaria. Our findings show that country- and firm-specific factors play little role in the presence of these organisations in the country. On the contrary, it appears that potential tokenism exists in the selection of Bulgaria as a host destination, with major hotel corporations each being represented by only one or two affiliated properties in the country. This raises the question as to whether these corporations enter Bulgaria in search of expansion opportunities and to offer a greater choice of destinations for their customers, or because they are pursuing their own globalization agenda for achieving wide geographic presence regardless of the destinations entered. This chapter also shows that the chains and their partners have a strong preference for non-equity entry modes (fra...

Airbnb’s remarkable growth is applauded, but there is certainly room for expansion in the Korean market. In this study, the authors conducted a background analysis of Airbnb, studying the strengths and weaknesses of the firm and devising strategies for further success in Korea.
In regards to price, the authors decided the price strategy currently held is applicable in Korea as well. There is no need for change in that aspect. The authors did observe the need for a premium service centered on business travelers, those who travel most frequently. The premium service would have an annual fee, but it would provide benefits to customers in the form of additional services and exclusive deals.
Brand awareness is relatively low in South Korea. To inform the Korean audience, who are potential guests and hosts, there is the need to adopt widely used Korea online platforms, including Kakaotalk and Naver. Not only does this widen Airbnb’s footing in the market, but it also establishes new ground for which promotions can take place.
Airbnb stands at an advantage due to the ubiquity of Internet and mobile phone users in a highly technologized country. Numerous network platforms are ready to accept Airbnb’s entrance into its user base, and upon entrance, Airbnb will already be ahead of competitors in claiming South Korea’s market for room accommodations.

Project selection is vital phase in the project management cycle. At this phase, stakeholders evaluate each project idea and select projects of highest priority. Theory suggests that the best way to optimize project selection performance is to align this process with the company’s strategy. The aim of current study was to examine the extent to which strategic alignment practices influence project selection performance of hotels in Nakuru town. Specifically, the study sought to examine the influence of objective alignment practices, core value alignment practices, and capability alignment practices on project selection performance of hotel establishments within Nakuru town. The study utilized the descripto-explanatory research design where cross-sectional data was collected from a sample of 73 participants using structured questionnaires. The sample was drawn from a population of 86 mid-level managers from eight star-rated hotels located within Nakuru Central Business District using proportionate stratification technique. The resultant data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and regression technique. Results showed that objective alignment practices (p=0.00 and Beta= 0.611), core value alignment (p=0.001 and Beta=0.411) and capability alignment practices (p=0.00 and Beta= 0.465) have significant and positive influence on project selection performance. However, regulatory practices were found to have no significant moderating effect on the relationship between strategic alignment practices and project selection performance. The research recommended that hotels should adopt portfolio model of selecting and managing projects, and create project management offices as ways for promoting better alignment between project selection processes and organizational strategies.

Tourism is one of the most emerging activities with social, economic and environmental impact and requires serious efforts by researchers to identify the mechanisms that govern this phenomenon. The present study aims to be an inquiry of the 2019 trends in tourism in Bihor County (Romania), seen as basis for delineating perspectives in this regard. We collected data from 118 representatives of various accommodation structures by applying face to face questionnaire, seen as main actors in the genesis, evolution and dynamics of local tourism. The results shaped the trends for tourism in Bihor County at the level of year 2019, as a support for the prospects to be followed on short term horizon (2 years). Both, results and conclusions of the study highlighted the existence of dysfunctions in terms of trends and prospects for tourism in Bihor County.

This article analyzes how mass-market cruise lines mobilize food, laborers, and built environments to offer passengers cosmopolitanism with the purpose of maintaining a unique business model. It is argued that while companies target a growing demand for culturally immersive dining experiences, they do not seek to offer complete immersion in any one culture but cosmopolitanism through a combination of multiple themed establishments on a mobile platform. Culinary themes are installed using labor and built environments, for instance through the placement of visual and material culture in eateries. While some onboard dining experiences are themed around the cultures of nations on the ship’s itinerary, many evoke international cultures. In studying how mass-market cruise lines as mobile spaces of containment combine both international and localized dining experiences to offer the “world on a ship,” scholars of tourism can better understand how touristic companies produce cosmopolitanism at destinations.

Yovcheva, Z., Buhalis, D., Gatzidis, C., & van Elzakker, C. P. (2014). Empirical Evaluation of Smartphone Augmented Reality Browsers in an Urban Tourism Destination Context. International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction (IJMHCI), 6(2), 10-31. http://doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2014040102
Abstract Exposure to new and unfamiliar environments is a necessary part of daily life. Effective communication of location-based information through location-based services has become a key concern for cartographers, geographers, human-computer interaction and professional designers alike. Recently, much attention was directed towards Augmented Reality (AR) interfaces. Current research, however, focuses primarily on computer vision and tracking, or investigates the needs of urban residents, already familiar with their environment. Adopting a user-centred design approach, this paper reports findings from an empirical mobile study investigating how tourists acquire knowledge about an unfamiliar urban environment through AR browsers. Qualitative and quantitative data was used in the development of a framework that shifts the perspective towards a more thorough understanding of the overall design space for such interfaces. The authors analysis provides a frame of reference for the design and evaluation of mobile AR interfaces. The authors demonstrate the application of the framework with respect to optimization of current design of AR.

Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality, Metaverse

Quality of life (QOL) has become a central issue of concern in peoples’ lives and the research on this topic has largely increased in the past decades. However, some studies on QOL only adopted objective indicators and QOL research is still very scarce in some fields of study such as tourism. Additionally, in tourism, the majority of the studies on QOL focus on assessing the QOL of residents of destinations and neglect segmentation based on QOL as a tool for market segmentation.
The aim of this study is to overcome some previously referred to limitations and, specifically: (i) to measure visitors’ perceptions of tourism impact on their QOL by adopting subjective indicators; and (ii) to segment visitors based on perceptions of tourism impact on their QOL.
Study results reveal that tourism is likely to have a more positive impact on the psychological and social domains of QOL and that QOL is a good basis for segmenting the tourism market. Visitors perceiving more positive tourism impacts in their QOL differ from others on several features such as motivations to travel, travel group, interaction with local residents and satisfaction with the trip.

Tutum, en geniş anlamda bir bireyin belirli bir objeye veya bir kimseye karşı zihinsel açıdan hazır oluş durumu veya belirli bir biçimdeki vaziyet alışıdır. (Allport, 1935, s.798-844.) Diğer bir deyimle, bireylerin belirli objelere karşı, geçirdiği çeşitli deneyimler sonucu düzenli bir tavır alışları, davranış biçimleridir. Birçok nedenden dolayı bir kimse bir sanatçıyı, bir politikacıyı, bir şarkıcıyı, bir oteli veya bir restoranın yemeklerini beğenmeyebilir. Bu kimsenin böyle bir tutumunun devamlılık göstermesi beklenir. Örneğin, o sanatçıyı izlememek, şarkıyı dinlememek ya da beğenmediği politikacının partisine oy vermemek gibi.

Είναι γεγονός ότι στη σημερινή εποχή χιλιάδες άνθρωποι σε όλο τον κόσμο ταξιδεύουν καθημερινά, είτε για τουρισμό είτε για επαγγελματικούς λόγους. Οι ταξιδιώτες αυτοί χρειάζονται στέγη, τροφή, ψυχαγωγία και διάφορες άλλες υπηρεσίες υψηλής στάθμης. Οι σύγχρονοι επαγγελματίες του τουρισμού διαρκώς μελετούν και αναλύουν με κάθε λεπτομέρεια τις τρέχουσες τάσεις του κλάδου τους, με σκοπό να προσφέρουν στους πελάτες τους υπηρεσίες υψηλού επιπέδου σε λογικές τιμές και να κάνουν τις εγκαταστάσεις τους φιλόξενες, ευχάριστες και με όλες τις σύγχρονες ανέσεις. Η ραγδαία ανάπτυξη και η διεθνής εξάπλωση της τουριστικής βιομηχανίας ήταν η αφορμή για τη δημιουργία πολλών νέων ξενοδοχειακών εγκαταστάσεων και τη συνεχή ζήτηση για έμπειρο και εκπαιδευμένο προσωπικό. Για τους περισσότερους ο κόσμος των ξενοδοχείων είναι ένας ξεχωριστός, υπέροχος κόσμος γεμάτος λάμψη και γρήγορες αλλαγές. Στον κεντρικό άξονα του ξενοδοχείου βρίσκεται η Υποδοχή και το προσωπικό που τη στελεχώνει. Από τη στιγμή που οι πελάτες κάνουν κρατήσεις και αφικνούνται σε ένα κατάλυμα, μέχρι την ώρα που αναχωρούν, οι υπάλληλοι της Υποδοχής παίζουν σπουδαίο ρόλο στην ικανοποίηση των αναγκών τους. Ο υπάλληλος Υποδοχής είναι κατά κύριο λόγο ο μηχανικός του ξενοδοχείου. Το καλωσόρισμα του στον πελάτη μπορεί να μεταβάλει το απρόσωπο κτίριο σε φιλικό μέρος. Ο υπάλληλος δίνει προσωπικότητα στο ξενοδοχείο (το κάνει ευχάριστο ή δυσάρεστο). Για τον πελάτη η Υποδοχή είναι το ξενοδοχείο. Εκεί τον υποδέχονται, του δίνουν δωμάτιο και τηρούν τον λογαριασμό του. Εκεί αυτός απευθύνεται για πληροφορίες, ερωτήσεις, σχόλια, παράπονα, για το κλειδί, την αλληλογραφία και τελικά για την εξόφληση του λογαριασμού του. Η Υποδοχή, που προσφέρει αποτελεσματικά όλες τις παραπάνω υπηρεσίες, βοηθάει το ξενοδοχείο να ικανοποιεί τους πελάτες του. Έτσι, ενώ αδιάφορο και ανεκπαίδευτο προσωπικό μπορεί να διώξει την πελατεία, επαγγελματίες, ικανοί και ευγενικοί υπάλληλοι μπορούν να πετύχουν ώστε η παραμονή κάθε πελάτη να είναι από την αρχή ευχάριστη και να φροντίσουν ώστε να παραμείνει ευχάριστη ως το τέλος. Κατ' αυτόν τον τρόπο, το προσωπικό της Υποδοχής συνεισφέρει στην ομαλή και επικερδή λειτουργία της επιχείρησης. Αυτό είναι ένα πολύ σπουδαίο επίτευγμα. Το βιβλίο Υπηρεσία Υποδοχής έχει ως στόχο να βοηθήσει τους σπουδαστές αλλά και τους επαγγελματίες ρεσεψιονίστ να κατανοήσουν, να οργανώσουν και να εκτελέσουν αποτελεσματικά τις λειτουργίες του τμήματος Υποδοχής, γεγονός πολύ ουσιαστικό για την επιτυχία ενός ξενοδοχείου.
Το βιβλίο χωρίζεται στα τέσσερα παρακάτω μέρη: Το πρώτο μέρος, ο κόσμος των ξενοδοχείων (κεφάλαια 1 - 3), αναφέρεται στα τουριστικά καταλύματα, στην οργάνωση του ξενοδοχείου, τις λειτουργίες και το προσωπικό της Υποδοχής και τέλος στις πωλήσεις από το τμήμα Υποδοχής.
Το δεύτερο μέρος, στέγαση και εξυπηρέτηση πελατών (κεφάλαια 4-10), αναλύει τις λειτουργίες και εργασίες της Υποδοχής από την κράτηση και άφιξη του πελάτη, μέχρι την αναχώρηση και εξόφληση του λογαριασμού του.
Το τρίτο μέρος, διεύθυνση του τμήματος Υποδοχής (κεφάλαια 11 και 12), περιλαμβάνει ειδικές εργασίες της Υποδοχής για τον σχεδιασμό και έλεγχο των λειτουργιών της Υποδοχής, όπως επίσης και διάφορες πλευρές της διεύθυνσης προσωπικού.
Το τέταρτο μέρος αποτελεί το Παράρτημα του βιβλίου και περιλαμβάνει διάφορους κανονισμούς, ξενοδοχειακή νομοθεσία, λεξιλόγιο με ξενόγλωσσους ξενοδοχειακούς όρους, που χρησιμοποιούνται συχνά από το προσωπικό της Υποδοχής, διευθύνσεις ελληνικών και ξένων καταλυμάτων στο Internet και αλφαβητικό ευρετήριο θεμάτων.

Patrice Ballester " World expo as a marketing and communication tool for the business tourism as part of the Grand Paris / Toulouse 2025 bid?" communication at ORME city events mega-events, 2021, 26 May 2021.

The object of this communication is first of all to relate the original experience of Toulouse metropolis applying as a satellite city of the world expo of Grand Paris 2025, of which I was able to order the entire structure. geohistoric and tourist file with the representative of Tourism of the Metropolis.
The governance of an exhibition city will be the subject of this first part, but also the ability to paint a portrait of a regional metropolis wishing to reap the benefits of a world expo many times over. expected for the country: how to propose a strategy that is both marketing and communication for an innovative and culturally dynamic regional metropolis?
In conclusion, to justify the holding of mega-events, their budgets and the inherent nuisances; the host cities and the national actors of the project are well aware that it is necessary to think more and more at the national level of this type of event and to put forward multiple cooperation with other territories such as metropolises are the gateway. An objective of spatial and social justice is emerging. This reasoning can also be explained by the fact of being able to obtain all the votes (national and regional votes) and necessary funding in the face of increasingly important controversies over their organization.

National Library of the Philippines (NLP) is situated on a portion of Rizal Park (Luneta Park), the most popular destination in Ermita, Manila, facing T. M. Kalaw Street. Established in 1901, its lifetime has passed throughout different Philippine colonial period, and modern generation in which we are living right now.

In this development plan, the researchers would like to inquire further research purposes interview with the best contact person in charge inside National Library of the Philippines, relative information on the Internet, book references in libraries, and even some local citizens’ word of mouth around to accomplish a worthwhile research on renovation.

In the end of this proposal, the researchers would like to provide a comfortable learning ambiance for visitors, upgrade most of the facilities to look more authentic, and enhance the creativity of facility design that can seem somehow distinct from other libraries while upholding the historical spirit within its structural design at the same time. Such outcome cannot only boost the number of tourists to visit and be willing to stay longer and then further recognize it as one of the iconic attractions within the country but also increase the inbound revenue sources on tourism to the economic benefits of its district.

This paper sought to discuss the concept of loyalty of customers to organizations and brands. Loyalty is defined as the extent of the faithfulness of consumers to a particular brand, expressed through their repeat purchases, irrespective of the marketing pressure generated by the competing brands. The authors adopted an interpretive literature approach in discussing the three cardinal denominators for measuring loyalty: repetition, advocacy, and patronage. The study revealed that loyalty is important for several reasons. First, it reduces the cost of production because the sales volume is higher. Second, companies with brand-loyal customers don't have to spend as much money on marketing the product, which will permit the company to either retain more earnings or to invest resources elsewhere. Third, companies may use premium pricing that will increase profit margins. Finally, loyal customers tend to recommend products that they like. It is also important to observe that the stud...

Tourism in Lebanon has always been a key contributor to the national economy. It is one of the main sectors Lebanon depends on besides banking. In this research, dark tourism was approached as an important type of tourism that has a significant potential role in Lebanon. Unfortunately, this is not reflected in the Ministry of Tourism list of tourist’s attractions. The interviews done in this research showed that the Lebanese government gives no attention to such sites, and even dark places’ owners do not give their sites the needed attention in term of tourism development strategies. 100 questionnaires were collected in three different locations. Results showed that the youth generation in Lebanon is interested visiting dark-related destinations. The motivations and willingness to pay were studied for four different sites. Sources of information had a very important effect on visiting dark-related sites. As for payment, a randomized complete block design test revealed that visitors’...

This reflection article presents a tour of the fundamental elements of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the context of the hotel subsector, with special emphasis on sustainability perspectives, known as triple accountability: environmental, social and economic variable. It is expected that the reader can understand from the documentary analysis of the corresponding literature, the relationship between CSR and hotel activity, as well as the relevant variables in the development of responsible practices (as regards triple accountability) of mentioned industry. In addition, this article includes an approach to the opportunities for improvement around these corporate social responsibility practices in the hotel subsector and the gap, praxeology, present between sustainable tourism (as a framework within which the hotel subsector is located) and the responsible tourism, horizon towards which the duty of the subsector is framed.

The exclusive world of wine and a new 21'' century image for it are the raison d'etre of Ciudad del Vino (Wine City)-a complex built for the Marqués de Riscal winery, La Rioja's oldest bodega. The complex incor­porates an exclusive hotel, a vinotherapy spa, a museum and a research centre. Having so successfully put Bilbao on the map, Frank Gehry was the obvious choice to design a suitably symbolic building for this winery, which is situated in a town of barely 2,000 inhabitants. The building is raised on three giant columns and looks out over the landscape of the town. vineyards and the Cantabrian mountains beyond. To capitalise on solar effects, Gehry covered the structure with undulating steel panels (a reference to the density and colours of wine) alongside traditional sandstone. The building's 2,500 square metres are distributed over six lev­els, making the most of the interplay with the outside and respecting the vernacular tradition. Entrance to the hotel is through a copper lobby with hanging lights; the bar is composed of enormous bottle-racks creating a minimalist effect. The 43 guestrooms are luxuriously equipped to the finest detail: the whole environment aims to provide sensory pleasure.

La idea de exclusividad de la cultura del vino y su proyección al siglo XXI supuso el origen de la «Ciudad del Vino11, un complejo que une a las bodegas Marqués de Riscal -las más antiguas de la Rioja, fundadas en 1858- un hotel exclusivo, un spa de vinoterapia, un museo y un centro de investigación. Frank Gehry habia puesto Bilbao en el mapamundi del arte y se pensó en una de sus estructuras como símbolo de las bodegas, ubicadas en una localidad de poco más de dos mil habitantes. El edificio se sostiene sobre tres supercolumnas que se abren al paisaje del pueblo, los viñedos y las montañas cántabras. Para subrayar los efectos solares, Gehry cubrió la estructura con voladizos de acero, que remiten a la densidad y los colores del vino, junto a la tradicional piedra de arenisca. Los 2500 m' construidos se reparten en seis niveles cuidando la relación con el exterior y la tradición vernácula. El vestíbulo de cobre facilita la transición al interior, subrayado con luminarias suspendidas. El bar está con­figurado a partir de gigantescos botelleros que transmiten una sensación minimalista. Sus 43 habitaciones están equipadas con todo lujo de detalles para, asi, crear un espacio concebido para el goce de los sentidos.

The primary aim of this paper is to reveal the effects of the ruminative thought style and workplace ostracism on hotel employees' turnover intention. In addition, the effect of the ruminative thought style and workplace ostracism on hotel employees' turnover intention through the mediator role of organizational identification was investigated in this study. The data were collected by convenience sampling between 1 June and 1 October 2018 from the employees of the twelve 5-star hotel businesses in Bodrum, Turkey, yielding 432 valid survey forms. The results showed that ruminative thought style and workplace ostracism increase the turnover intention of hotel employees while organizational identification decreases it. In addition, organizational identification plays a mediating role between a ruminative thought style and turnover intention. Thus, we recommend to the managers that they should create a good working environment, support and participate in social activities with their team, make their employees feel that they are a part of the organization and always state that they value their team.

Resumo O objetivo principal deste artigo é revelar os efeitos do pensamento ruminativo e do ostracismo no local de trabalho na intenção de rotatividade dos funcionários do hotel. Para além disso, foi investigado o efeito do estilo de pensamento ruminativo e do ostracismo no local de trabalho na intenção de rotatividade dos funcionários do hotel por meio do papel mediador da identificação organizacional. Os dados foram recolhidos por amostragem de conveniência entre 1 de junho e 1 de outubro de 2018 de entre os funcionários das doze empresas hoteleiras de cinco estrelas em Bodrum, Turquia, produzindo 432 questionários válidos. Os resultados mostraram que o estilo de pensamento ruminativo e o ostracismo no local de trabalho aumentam a intenção de rotatividade dos funcionários do hotel, enquanto a identificação organizacional a diminui. Além disso, a identificação organizacional desempenha um papel mediador entre um estilo de pensamento ruminativo e a intenção de rotatividade. Assim, recomendamos aos gerentes que criem um bom ambiente de trabalho, apoiem e participem nas atividades sociais com os seus colaboradores, façam com que estes se sintam parte da organização e afirmem que valorizam a sua equipa. Palavras-chave: Estilo de pensamento ruminativo, ostracismo no local de trabalho, identificação organizacional, intenção de rotatividade.

This chapter elaborates on the choice of type of affiliation to a chain by the individual hotel. It discusses the preferred types of affiliation by hotel managers and owners, and the factors that influence their preferences by using Bulgaria as an exemplary case study. The authors find that hoteliers in the country perceive two of the non-equity forms of affiliation (namely, franchise and management contract) as equally appropriate for the business environment in the country as the ownership based forms (full ownership and joint venture), and much more appropriate compared to the other two non-equity modes (lease and marketing consortium). These findings suggest that if hotel chains look for local partners in the country they should attract them by offering franchise agreement and/or management contract.

Technology and the growing global middle class are driving a travel revolution which is causing escalating impacts on fragile ecosystems, human health, and social systems. Unreported data on the worldwide biophysical impacts of tourism uncovered in the new book, Sustainable Tourism on a Finite Planet, indicate that valuable destinations are on the verge of being irreparably harmed. New disciplinary approaches are needed to support the transition to lower impact tourism development worldwide. The tourism industry is one of the most dynamic industries on the planet with a global footprint that is largely unmanaged. While tourism development brings wealth and benefits to wide range of residents in economies worldwide, much stronger systems are required to lower escalating impacts on some of the most beautiful landscapes, watersheds, natural, socio-cultural and historical treasures in the world. This new book helps all those involved in international tourism develop the new skills, tools and investments required to protect irreplaceable global resources from the impacts of escalating tourism demand over the next 50 years. Each subsector of the tourism economy-hotels, tour operators, cruise lines, aviation and airports and destinations are investigated separately to provide a framework for professionals and students to undertake research and work locally to follow through with quantitative review of environmental and sustainable development needs for industry and destinations.

A group of three students made a trip to the Subway Restaurant in RI, New England. The purpose of this visit was to observe how the restaurant is run and take observations and notes for purposes of compiling a report later on. The visit was successful and collected some essential information which is the basis of this report. The key area of interest was the dining room operations where we did an extensive study on and took sufficient notes. Part A: Visit the Subway Restaurant, RI, New England. Our visit followed an appointment to see the General Manager. But since we were interested in making observations on the overall business, we called in for a reservation, in which we also ordered some food. On arrival, we were welcomed by our host, who explained to us what we had earlier ordered and brought us the menu to explain more in case we needed to add anything. The food was brought by a visibly warm and joyous lady, who also took time to welcome us, informing us we call anyone for further help, in case it was necessary. Shortly, after we need an extra knife and we had to call the staff member standing next to us, he brought the knife promptly. Under that short time, we had been served by at least three categories of employees in the front of house area, the server, the host and the busser who brought us the knife.

During last two decades remarkable changes have been taken place in developed as well as developing nations caused by the economic and technological advancements. These changes have posed several challenges for the transformation of the whole educational system, including educational curricula, learning materials, instructional practices and education stakeholders. Tourism and hospitality industry within the global economy has become a pivotal sector generating huge employment opportunities. The calibre human resources differentiate it from other industrial sectors. Thus, the tourism & hospitality education is focusing on building tomorrow's manpower for the industry. This paper originates in the context of growing recognition that the success of global tourism industry will ultimately depends of quality human resources. This paper will add to the extant literature on tourism& hospitality management education by addressing challenges and issues Indian hospitality industry facing.

ÖZET Bu çalışmanın amacı oteller ve seyahat acentaları arasındaki bağlılık ve güven ilişkisini Alanya Bölgesinde bulunmakta olan 3, 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde yapılan ampirik bir çalışmayla ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada otel önbüro yöneticilerine uygulanan demografik özellikler ve araştırma değişkenlerinin ölçümünü içeren bir anket kullanılmıştır. 220 otele dağıtılan anketlerden 92'si görü dönmüş ve bu anlamda anketlerin geri dönüş oranı % 41.82 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Anketlerde 11'i demografik 18'i araştırma değişkenlerini ölçmek üzere toplam 29 soru bulunmaktadır. Araştırma değişkenlerine ilişkin soruların cevaplandırılmasında 5'li Likert ölçeği (1-tamamen katılıyorum, 5-tamamen katılmıyorum) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde SPSS 16 istatistik paket programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma değişkenlerinin kendi içinde gruplandırılmasında faktör analizi, ölçeğin güvenirlilik analizinde ise Cronbach Alpha testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma değişkenleri arasındaki korelasyon ilişkisinin analizinde de pearson korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca araştırmadaki bağımlı değişken olan "bağlılık düzeyi" ile bağımsız değişkenler olan "iletişim", "koordinasyon" ve "güven" değişkenleri arasındaki ilişki regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Yapılan regresyon analizi "iletişim", "koordinasyon", ve "güven" bağımsız değişkenlerinin "bağlılık" bağımlı değişkeni üzerinde % 28 oranında etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

Gelişen teknoloji ve sağladığı kolaylıklardan yararlanmak isteyen otel işletmelerinin doğrudan potansiyel tüketicilerine
ulaşmada, satış pazarlama faaliyetlerinde kurumsal web sitelerini kullandıkları görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda
araştırmada otellerin doğrudan oda satışlarını arttırmak için online rezervasyon motorunu kullanım oranlarının tespit
edilebilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca diğer bir amaç, otellerin kendi web sitelerine hedef tüketicilerini çekmek ve
doğrudan satışları gerçekleştirmek için Tripadvisor sitesinin kullanım etkinliğini görebilmektir. Bu sebeple Hatay’da
faaliyet gösteren otel işletmelerinin web sitelerinde ve Tripadvisor sayfalarında içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma
sonucunda, Hatay ilinde yer alan otellerin genelinde web sayfası bulunmasına rağmen online rezervasyon motoru
kullanımlarının sayıca az olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu durum mevcut satışlar içerisinde online doğrudan anlık
rezervasyon oranı dağılımının Hatay otelleri genelinde oldukça düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırmanın
sonucunda otellerin doğrudan rezervasyon almalarını sağlayan kendi web sitelerinde kendi bilgilendirmeleri dışında
diğer başka web sitelerinin linklerini paylaşmamaları önerilmektedir.

Teşvik seyahati uluslar arası iş seyahatleri pazarında gittikçe büyüyen ve gelişen bir Pazar dilimini oluşturmaktadır. Teşvik seyahati uzmanlarını dünya çapında temsil eden en yetkili örgüt olan Teşvik Seyahati Yöneticileri Derneği’ne (SITE: Society of Incentive Travel Executives) göre; teşvik seyahatleri örgütsel hedefleri destekleyecek şekilde yükselen performans sergileyen kişileri motive etmek ve/veya takdir etmek için sıra dışı seyahat deneyiminden yararlanmayı temel alan küresel bir yönetim aracıdır (http://www.site-intl.org). Teşvik seyahati, insanların nasıl ödüllendirilebileceği üzerine çözüm arayan örgütlere turizmcilerin verdiği cevaplardan biridir.

This paper explores the current state and the potential adoption of service automation and robots by tourist, travel and hospitality companies. Despite the huge advancements in social robotics, the research on robots in tourism has been extremely limited – a gap that is partially filled by this paper. Specifically the paper looks at service automation in hotels, restaurants, events, theme and amusement parks, airports, car rental companies, travel agencies and tourist information centres, museums and art galleries. The paper elaborates on the challenges that companies will face when adopting service automation and robots to serve tourists.

Sales of ethnic foods continue to increase. Among the many factors leading to an increase in ethnic food consumption include more interest in television cooking shows where consumers gain knowledge about a product through media; resulting in heightened interest. Employing a revised Personal Involvement Inventory (PII) to measure involvement, this study aims to shed more light on the consumption of ethnic foods and the effects of media on that consumption. Thought this exploration the findings reveal a surprising suggestion, that ethnic food consumption is not governed by consumer's involvement with the products.

1η Εργασία για τη Θεματική Ενότητα ΔΤΕ 50 το 2015-16.
Στόχος αυτής της εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει μια μελέτη περίπτωσης με σκοπό  να ενισχύσει την ανταγωνιστικότητα της ξενοδοχειακής επιχείρησης Κως Delight. Αυτό θα γίνει θέτοντας συγκεκριμένους μακροχρόνιους στρατηγικούς στόχους, αναλύοντας το εσωτερικό περιβάλλον της επιχείρησης, με σκοπό την επίτευξη τους, μέσω της πιο αποτελεσματικής λύσης. Επίσης θα αναφερθεί το εξωτερικό περιβάλλον της επιχείρησης, όσο αναφορά την προσφυγική κρίση και πως αυτήν επηρέασε τον τουριστικό κλάδο και συγκεκριμένα το νησί Κως.