RECYCLING PLASTIC BOTTLE (PET) to SYNTHETIC FIBER

Kazi Simon

RECYCLING PLASTIC BOTTLE (PET) to SYNTHETIC FIBER

Abstract: Learn more about PET bottle recycling https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338232283_Recycling_Plastic_Bottle_into_Synthetic_Fiber This study has been carried out to effectively manage the PET plastic bottles by identifying practical means and introducing recycling as a cleaner production tool to achieve sustainable development goals. We have designed and analyzed a PET bottle recycling machine that turns PET flakes into synthetic fiber. PET bottle is a thermoplastic resin so it can be melted and reshaped repeatedly. With plastic extrusion process, we can melt PET bottle flakes and then air is blown using air compressor turning that molten plastic into synthetic fiber. In recent years the consumption and disposal of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have increased. After use, PET bottles can be disposed of in mixed waste or in selective waste collection to be recycled and reinserted in the production chain. We have found out with the abundance of plastic bottle waste we can make synthetic fiber at a very cheap price. Compering with the imported fiber or felt, flock our synthetic fiber costs less than half of the price. This fiber can be used as the packaging material or stuffing material. It can also be processed at a spinning mill to turn it into polyester yarn. As recycling PET bottles has commercial value, employment and income can be generated. Objectives: • To reduce environmental effect by waste plastic bottle • To effectively manage the PET plastic bottles waste and minimize the volume (industrial/domestic) • To study the workability behavior of concrete added by PET bottle fiber • To obtain the optimal rate of addition waste PET bottle fiber needed to obtain high strength concrete • To recommend on what to be done to support the growth of PET bottle recycling.

ABSTRACT This study has been carried out to effectively manage the PET plastic bottles by identifying practical means and introducing recycling as cleaner production tool to achieve sustainable development goals. We have designed and analyzed a PET bottle recycling machine that turns PET flakes into synthetic fiber. PET bottle is a thermoplastic resin so it can be melted and reshaped repeatedly. With plastic extrusion process we can melt PET bottle flakes and then air is blown using air compressor turning that molten plastic into synthetic fiber. In recent years the consumption and disposal of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has increased. After use, PET bottles can be disposed of in mixed waste or in selective waste collection to be recycled and reinserted in the production chain. We have found out with the abundance in plastic bottle waste we can make synthetic fiber in a very cheap price. Compering with the imported fiber or felt, flock our synthetic fiber costs less than half of the price. This fiber can be used as the packaging material or stuffing material. It can also be processed at a spinning mill to turn it into polyester yarn. As recycling PET bottle has commercial value, employment and income can be generated. Key words: PET recycle, Extrusion, Synthetic fiber, PET bottle, r-pet, plastic recycling, plastic extrusion Problem Statement Since plastic is a non-biodegradable product and cannot be dumped in the ground, plastic recycling is a very important issue in protecting the nature. Use of plastic is increasing and plastic waste becoming a major obstacle to greener technology. Waste plastic is often the most visible component in waste dump and landfill. Recent studies says to us that plastic bottle remains for 450 years long on the earth and since plastic waste is growing rapidly hence the improper disposal of plastics causes problems as distant as breast cancer, reproductive problems in humans and animals, genital abnormalities and much more. Plastics wastes are found in different forms which almost 5% of the municipal solid wastes which is toxic in nature. It is a common sight in both urban and rural areas to find empty plastic bags and other type of plastic packing material littering the roads as well as drains. If current trends continue, our oceans could contain more plastic than fish by 2050. While the United States, Japan and many European countries generate significant amounts of plastic waste, they’re also relatively good at managing it. About half of all of the plastic waste that ends up in the oceans comes from just five countries: China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. These countries are experiencing rapid economic growth, which is reducing poverty rates and improving the quality of life for hundreds of millions of people. But as these economies grow, consumption booms — and so does the use of plastic goods [3]. A million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute and the number will jump another 20% by 2021, creating an environmental crisis some campaigners predict will be as serious as climate change. New figures obtained by the Guardian reveal the surge in usage of plastic bottles, more than half a trillion of which will be sold annually by the end of the decade. The demand, equivalent to about 20,000 bottles being bought every second, is driven by an apparently insatiable desire for bottled water and the spread of a western, urbanized “on the go” culture to China and the Asia Pacific region. Most plastic bottles used for soft drinks and water are made from polyethylene terephthalate (Pet), which is highly recyclable. But as their use soars across the globe, efforts to collect and recycle the bottles to keep them from polluting the oceans, are failing to keep up. Fig 1. 1: Global PET bottle production In the UK 38.5m plastic bottles are used every day – only just over half make it to recycling, while more than 16m are put into landfill, burnt or leak into the environment and oceans each day. “Plastic production is set to double in the next 20 years and quadruple by 2050 so the time to act is now,” said Tag Holm. Animals like birds or fish can mistake plastic in the ocean for food. In addition, because plastic can come in sizes large or small, even the smallest organisms like plankton could be affected. When an animal consumes enough plastic, their digestive systems could get clogged up, eventually starving them to death. Sometimes, the uneven shape of plastic pieces could even choke animals, like sea turtles, to death. Fig 1. 2: Effect of plastic pollution on animals There has been growing concern about the impact of plastics pollution in oceans around the world. Last month scientists found nearly 18 tons of plastic on one of the world’s most remote islands, an uninhabited coral atoll in the South Pacific [4]. Production of Plastic Bottles Requires Fossil Fuels. One big problem with plastic, of course, is that its production requires the use of non-renewable fossil fuels. Plastic bottles are no exception to this. Most plastic bottles are made from a plastic known as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), which is produced using oil. Worse yet, the production of plastic bottles isn’t the only time when energy is wasted. In fact, energy is used during the entire lifespan of a plastic bottle: This includes the energy used for transportation, storage, and the final disposal of the bottle. Plastic bottles are not biodegradable in order to fully understand what this means, it is important to understand the difference between biodegrading and degrading. Biodegrading is when an object gets broken down (digested) by living organisms. This means that the object can be naturally recycled (by decomposers like bacteria and fungi) into new organic molecules and new life. On the other hand, degrading is just the process of breaking down into smaller pieces [4]. So, this paper will concern about, plastic wastes and how plastic waste can be recycled and utilized. 1.3 Objectives 1. To find out how to utilize of PET bottle waste. 2. To find out how PET bottles can be recycled. 3. To explore PET recycling situation in Bangladesh. 4. To explore the field of Thermoplastic Extrusion. 5. To explore various PET extrusion process. 6. To assess the need of synthetic fiber in Bangladesh.

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RECYCLING PLASTIC BOTTLE (PET) to SYNTHETIC FIBER

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