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2013, W. Dubitzky, O. Wolkenhauer, K. Cho & H. Yokota (eds.). Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, pp. 415-418
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
The Formal Nature of Emergent Biological Organization and Its Implications for Understandings of Closure2006 •
2013 •
In this paper, we advocate the idea that an adequate explanation of biological systems requires appealing to organisational closure as an emergent causal regime. We first develop a theoretical justification of emergence in terms of relatedness, by arguing that configurations, because of the relatedness among their constituents, possess ontologically irreducible properties, providing them with distinctive causal powers. We then focus on those emergent causal powers exerted as constraints, and we claim that biological systems crucially differ from other natural systems in that they realise a closure of constraints, i.e. a higher-level emergent regime of causation such that the constituents, each of them acting as a constraint, realise a mutual dependence among them, and are collectively able to self-maintain. Lastly, we claim that closure can be justifiably taken as an emergent regime of causation, without admitting that it inherently involves whole-parts causation, which would require committing to stronger ontological and epistemological assumptions.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Closure, function, emergence, semiosis, and life: the same idea? Reflections on the concrete and the abstract in theoretical biology2000 •
Abstract. In this note some epistemological problems in general theories about living systems are considered; in particular, the question of hidden connections between different areas of experience, such as folk biology and scientific biology, and hidden connections between central concepts of theoretical biology, such as function, semiosis, closure and life.
We propose a conceptual and formal characterisation of biological organisation as a closure of constraints. We first establish a distinction between two causal regimes at work in biological systems: processes, which refer to the whole set of changes occurring in non-equilibrium open thermodynamic conditions; and constraints, those entities which, while acting upon the processes, exhibit some form of conservation (symmetry) at the relevant time scales. We then argue that, in biological systems, constraints realise closure, i.e. mutual dependence such that they both depend on and contribute to maintaining each other. With this characterisation in hand, we discuss how organisational closure can provide an operational tool for marking the boundaries between interacting biological systems. We conclude by focusing on the original conception of the relationship between stability and variation which emerges from this framework.
Am.Inst.Physics Conference Proc. V. 465
Complexity VIII. Ontology of Closure in Complex Systems: The C^* Hypothesis and the O Notation1999 •
Abstract. Closure is a common characteristic of mathematical, natural and socio-cultural systems. Whether one is describing a graph, a molecule, a cell, a human, or a nation state, closure is implicitly understood. An objective of this paper is to continue a construction of a systematic framework for closure which is sufficient for future quantitative transdisciplinary investigations. A further objective is to extend the Birkhoff - yon Neumarm criterion for quantum systems to complex natural objects. The C* hypothesis is being constructed to be consistent with algebraic category theory (Ehresmann and Vanbremeersch, 1987, 1997, Chandler, 1990,1991, Chandler, Ehresmann and Vanbremeersch, 1996). Five aspects of closure will be used to construct a framework for categories of complex systems: 1. Truth functions in mathematics and the natural sciences 2. Systematic descriptions in the mks and O° notations 3. Organizational structures in hierarchical scientific languages 4. Transitive organizational pathways in the causal structures of complex behaviors 5. Composing additive, multiplicative and exponential operations in complex systems Truth functions can be formal or objective or subjective, depending on the complexity of the system and on our capability to represent the fine sn'ucture of the system symbolically, observationally or descriptively . "Complete" material representations of the fine structure of a system may allow truth functions to be created over sets of one to one correspondences. Less complete descriptions can support less stringent truth functions based on coherence or subjective judgments. The role of human values in creating and perpetuating truth functions can be placed in context of the degree of fine swacture in the system's description. The organization of complex systems are hypothesized to be categorizable into degrees relative to one another, thereby creating an ordering relationship. This ordering relationship is denoted by the symbols: O01, 0°2, 0°3... For example, for material systems, an ordering relation such as particles, atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, individuals and social groups might be assigned to classify observations for medical purposes. The C* hypothesis asserts that any complex system can be described in terms of four enumerable concepts: closure, conformation, concatenation and cyclicity. Mappings between objects are constructed within a notation for organization. Causality is organized within C* as pathways of relationships in time. The notation of organizational degrees is used to distinguish a directionality for causality: 1. bottom-up (energy flows) 2. top- down (control processes or dominating variables), 3. outside - inward (ecoment on organism) and 4. inside - outward (organism on ecoment). Closures are asserted to emerge from evolutionary cooperation. It is asserted that truth functions emerged from the necessity of an organism to identify ecoments where life can prosper. For example, basic truth functions of mathematics (operations of addition, multiplication and exponentiation) are made operationally consistent within the biochemical operations of sustaining exponential cellular growth. These fundamental mathematical functions can provide a logical basis (in conjunction with conservation rules) for a construction of complex material categories at higher degrees of organization. It is remarked that these simple functions suggests a biochemical origin for the intuitionistic philosophy of mathematics. The emergence and success of mathematics is conjectured to result from the need to acquire a consistent basis for communication among individuals seeking to cooperate socially. This suggests a cultural closure over a collection of individual closures.
Journal of Theoretical Biology
Organizational invariance and metabolic closure: Analysis in terms of systems2006 •
Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences
Closure, Open Systems, and the Modeling Imperative2006 •
Abstract: Natural systems cannot be closed to the environment. At the same time there is a necessity for closure in order to build the system. It is this quintessential tension between openness and closure that drives systems to unfold into further stages or levels of growth and development. In other words, the emergence of organization in natural systems is a result of cycles of openness and closure. There are two distinct and complementary ways by which a system will carry over closure while involved in a process of expansion across the environment. These two ways need to be expressed in any formal representation: (1) within a level this will be by means of transitive closure, which is additive; and (2) between levels (i.e., from one level to the next higher level) this requires algebraic closure, which is multiplicative. The former expresses space closure, whereas the latter expresses topological or time closure. The conjunction of these two closures generates a hierarchy of levels. Prior to, and outside of, the system lies semantic closure.
The British Journal for the …
An Organizational Account of Biological Functions2009 •
In this paper, we develop an organizational account that defines biological functions as causal relations subject to closure in living systems, interpreted as the most typical example of organizationally closed and differentiated self-maintaining systems. We argue that this account adequately grounds the teleological and normative dimensions of functions in the current organization of a system, insofar as it provides an explanation for the existence of the function bearer and, at the same time, identifies in a non-arbitrary way the norms that functions are supposed to obey. Accordingly, we suggest that the organizational account combines the etiological and dispositional perspectives in an integrated theoretical framework.
National Center For Research on Evaluation Standards and Student Testing
Assessment Portfolios as Opportunities for Teacher Learning. CRESST Report 7362008 •
Malawi Journal of Social Science
School Children on the Rampage: Young Citizen Activism or Manipulation? A Case of Primary School Pupils' Unrest in Malawi2024 •
Words in Space and Time: A Historical Atlas of Language Politics in Modern Central Europe
Central Europe’s Writing Systems in the Ninth Century (pp 10-13). 2021. Kamusella, Tomasz. Words in Space and Time: A Historical Atlas of Language Politics in Modern Central Europe. Central European University Press https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/234/oa_edited_volume/chapter/30249492021 •
Aquatic Science & Management : Jurnal Ilmu dan Manajemen Perairan (e-journal)
Estimation of effects of tributyltin (TBT) bioaccumulation using the imposex character in marine gastropods (Thais tuberosa and Monodonta labio)2013 •
Thrombosis Research
Breast cancer cell-induced platelet activation is compounded by tamoxifen and anastrozole in vitro2019 •
Journal of forensic and legal medicine
Cocaine toxicological findings in cases of violent death in Sao Paulo city - Brazil2018 •
Defense Monitor, September-October 2003 [Center for Defense Information]
Worldwide Reorientation of US Military Basing Will Mean Major Change2003 •
Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS
Min_с: стратегия неоднородной концентрации задач для энергосберегающих компьютерных расписаний2015 •
Journal of clinical research and reports
In vitro Antibacterial Effects of Salvia sclarea, Eucalyptus Globulus and Eugenia Caryophyllata Essential oils Against Multidrug Resistant Corynebacterium spp Clinical Isolates2020 •
Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
A multi-task learning formulation for predicting disease progression2011 •
IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems)
Face Expression Classification in Children Using CNN