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2021, Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence
Dignity has changed its name to Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence. Now, we are broadening the scope of our publication to include articles and discussions on topics that are crucial for us to address through our scholarly publishing. We want to publish articles that report on and analyze the following topics, such as: Reproductive violence and exploitation, such as surrogacy, forced abortions, forced pregnancies, sex-selected abortions, and baby selling; Traditional harmful practices, such as female genital mutilation and child marriage; Domestic violence, revenge attacks on women, and femicide; Forced labor, economic exploitation, and property theft; The debate about biological sex and gender identity, and sex-based rights versus gender based rights; The experiences of migrant, immigrant, and refugee women and children; and The growth of authoritarian political and social movements and how they are impacting women and girls’ rights and lives. Please consider submitting an article to Dignity (https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dignity). Donna M Hughes, Editor-in-Chief (dignityjournal@gmail.com)
Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence
Gender Perspectives on Torture: Law and Practice, 2018
Hypatia Reviews Online
Debra Bergoffen scrutinizes the February 22, 2001 groundbreaking verdict delivered by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) from a feminist perspective and draws out some of the philosophical implications of this development in international law. The tribunal convicted three Bosnian-Serb soldiers for their involvement in the war rape of Muslim women and girls, finding them guilty of both war crimes and crimes against humanity (hereafter referred to as the Kunarac case). Illuminating from diverse angles the war rapes as well as the legal process, Bergoffen sees the verdict as indicative of a paradigm shift in human rights law. In line with established feminist arguments such as by Catharine MacKinnon and Ann Cahill (Cahill 2001; MacKinnon 2005), she argues that traditional human rights discourse hides an imaginary and idealized masculine body (intact and nonporous) as the most plausible subject of human rights underneath its gender-neutral facade. Such masculine bias underlying gender-neutral discourses often ensures that the most salient aspects of female embodiment are used to justify discriminatory treatment of women. Put differently, where embodied, materially lived differences between the sexes such as pregnancy are concerned, gender-neutral legal approaches tend to ?naturalize? these differences as prepolitical, to frame them as an exception to or deviance from the human norm, and thus use them to justify treating women as less than fully human. A good example of this problem, Bergoffen argues, is seen in the arguments for the defense in the Kunarac case where it was proposed that war rape be measured against the apparently gender-neutral standard of torture in order to decide whether rape qualifies as a human rights violation (23). In agreeing with the defense that rape is not torture, in the crucial respect that rape need not entail physical wounding, the court granted the defense their point only, however, to radically challenge the deeper assumptions upon which their argument rested, notably that human dignity is violated only when body borders are forcibly breached. By attending carefully to the testimonies of the war rape victims, the court implicitly asserted the need to reimagine the material form of the subject of human rights. The idea that the body?s dignity is violated only when its integrity (its borders) is violated through violent and painful wounding is rooted in an imagined masculine body whose default condition is to be invulnerable and capable of actively resisting an attack; this supposed closedness, moreover, constitutes an important aspect of its dignity. Under this imagined paradigm, the body?s dignity is violated only once the normally invulnerable, impenetrable fortress of the body?s defenses is breached, and when it is thereby exposed as (shamefully) weak and vulnerable (literally woundable). Under the sway of images such as these, when women?s bodies are understood as already humiliatingly open and therefore vulnerable to the world, when women?s sexuality is coded as ontologically shameful, to sexually penetrate the hole, the female ?wound,? cannot constitute a breach in her defenses, since no new wound is inflicted, and she has not actively resisted. Bergoffen reads the verdict as a radical shift in that, by affirming the dignity of women?s bodies coded as sexually vulnerable in specific ways, it rewrites the subject of dignity and of human rights as the always already passively exposed, vulnerable body, rather than the invulnerable, active, and impenetrable body (44?45).
This report focuses on sexual violence against and exploitation of males as a human rights violation committed during armed conflict or as an indirect outcome of armed conflict. It identifies the difficulty refugees and migrants experience inside refugee camps and what happens to young men and boys who are on the streets. By looking at the current crisis in Athens, Greece I expose the implications of failed policies for refugees. In addition, I challenge the world to redefine our understanding of sexual violence as a gender issue.
Gender Violence & Human Rights, 2016
Lund University, 2024
This paper focuses on the issue of reproductive violence as an international crime. The central question is whether the current provisions of the Rome Statute are adequate for reflecting the severity and distinct nature of reproductive violence crimes and, thus, whether these provisions can effectively support their prosecution under the new 2023 OTP Policy on Gender-Based Crimes. The prevailing misclassification of reproductive violence as a mere by-product of sexualised violence within the ICL framework obscures the unique harm inflicted, thereby contributing to significant gaps in accountability. This paper aims to highlight these gaps and advocate for explicit recognition of reproductive violence as a distinct crime under the Rome Statute in order to advance justice and protection for the victims. The research was conducted through legal analysis, supplemented by empirical data from studies by feminist scholars. It reviewed legal instruments and case law, focusing on the Rome Statute and the ICC jurisprudence, to determine how reproductive violence is currently addressed. An interdisciplinary approach was used to bring insights from IHRL and transitional justice with feminist perspectives on GBV. This paper concludes that while there are avenues within the Rome Statute to charge reproductive violence acts, the lack of direct criminalisation leads to significant challenges. Prosecuting reproductive violence acts under the open provisions, whether related to sexual violence or not, does not reflect the unique harm and the underlying value; and often contradicts the fair labelling and legality principles. For the new OTP Policy on Gender-Based Crimes to fully achieve its aim – surfacing the gender-based dimension of international crimes – the provisions of the Rome Statute should be expanded to include all the forms of reproductive violence.
This article examines some of the historic and contemporary debates surrounding women's human rights. Women's rights activists have effectively challenged and expanded traditional interpretations of human rights, which has affected the development of Amnesty International's own approach to the human rights of women. The development of this approach from its beginnings to the recently- launched Stop Violence Against Women campaign is briefly traced in this article. One of the basic tenets, and great strengths, of the campaign is the "due diligence approach", by which governments and other authorities are held responsible for upholding women's human rights. The last section of this article specifically examines the applications of the due diligence approach to sexual assault.
«The Late Bronze Age site at Kastro-Palaia in Volos: results of the interdisciplinary project and recent investigations, 2015-2017», in A. MAZARAKIS ΑΙΝΙΑΝ (ED.), Proceedings of the 6th Archaeological Meeting of Thessaly and Central Greece, 2015-2018 (Volos), vol. I: Thessaly, 183-194. , 2022
U.S. Government Printing Office, 2019
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management
Boletín de la Academia Peruana de la Lengua, 2002
Erika Eckstein, 2024
El Greco. Un pittore nel labirinto, 2023
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2018
Economics and Politics, 2007
Nihon puraimari kea rengo gakkaishi, 2011
Informatik Spektrum
Scholaria: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 2020
Exploration Geophysics, 1995