- 512 Chafee Social Science Center
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
- University of Rhode Island, Gender and Women's Studies, EmeritusUniversity of Rhode Island, Gender and Women's Studies Program &, Faculty Memberadd
- Human Trafficking, Trafficking Human Beings, Central and Eastern Europe, Sexual Violence, Russia, Gender and Sexuality, and 26 moreGender and Women's Studies, Political Violence and Terrorism, Women and Gender Studies, Prostitution & Trafficking, Pornography, Ukraine, The Internet, History of Prostitution, Male Prostitution, Male Prostitution in the Twentieth Century, Criminology, Transnational Crime, Sex Trafficking, Prostitution, Criminal Law, Women's Studies, Criminal Justice, History of Slavery, Sexual exploitation, Feminism, Modern Day Slavery, Rhode Island, Trafficking In Human Beings, Trafficking in Persons, Abolition of Slavery, and Violence Against Womenedit
- Donna M. Hughes, BS, MS, PhD, is the founder and editor-in-chief of Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation an... moreDonna M. Hughes, BS, MS, PhD, is the founder and editor-in-chief of Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence. She was previously the Eleanor M. and Oscar M. Carlson Endowed Chair in Women's Studies and Professor. She is now retired, but actively edits and publishes Dignity
In 2017, she was awarded the "College of Arts and Sciences Annual Research Award;" and she was awarded the "Alice Paul Award for Women Who Have Worked to Confront Men's Violence Against Women" by the Committee on Feminist Movement History of the National Organization for Men Against Sexism.
In 2010, she was awarded the "URI Council on Research Annual Research Award;" and she was awarded the "Norma Hotaling, Josephine Butler Award for "challenging the status quo and creating new abolitionist policy and approaches to sex trafficking in the United States."
She is on the Board of Directors of The National Center on Sexual Exploitation, USA
She is researcher on human trafficking and sexual exploitaton. She is one of the founders of the academic study of sex trafficking. She has completed research on the trafficking of women and girls for sexual exploitation in the United States, Russia and Ukraine. She was the first researcher to write about how the Internet was used to traffic women and girls.
She does research and writing on women's rights. Her topic areas include: violence, slavery, sexual exploitation, Islamic fundamentalism, and women's organized resistance to violence and exploitation. She has also worked on issues related to women, science and technology.
She is a co-Founder of Citizens Against Traffickingedit
The Table of Contents for the open access, reviewed, academic journal Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence
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Article on the failure of academic women's studies to address violence against women and exploitation of women and girls.
Research Interests: Women's Studies, Feminist Theory, Domestic Violence, Sexual Violence, Postmodernism, and 13 moreFeminism, Violence Against Women, Prostitution & Trafficking, Pornography, Socialist Feminism, Pornography Studies, Feminism and Social Justice, Radical Feminism, Intimate Partner Violence, Women and Gender Studies, Academic Culture, Prostitution, and Liberal Feminism
Research Interests: Sexual Abuse, Disability Studies, Race and Racism, South Asia, Violence Against Women, and 13 moreArmed Conflict, Nigeria, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence, Zimbabwe, Cultural Relativism, Pregnancy, Sexual and reproductive health and rights, Surrogate Motherhood, Sex Trafficking, Forced Labor, Child Trafficking, Men's Rights Movement, and Trafficking Human Beings
Call for research and scholarly articles, frontline reports, editorials, and book or media reviews on exploitation and violence. Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence publishes findings from research studies,... more
Call for research and scholarly articles, frontline reports, editorials, and book or media reviews on exploitation and violence. Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence publishes findings from research studies, scholarly and theoretical essays, and reports on experiences from the "frontline," such as personal stories, reports on activism or service work. Dignity is an open access, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary journal.
The journal is a forum for discussion and analysis on how forms of violence and exploitation harm the dignity and health of individuals, the integrity and security of communities, and the strength and character of nations. Topics include human trafficking, sexual violence and exploitation, domestic violence and forced labor, reproductive exploitation and trafficking, gender identity, and women's experiences in prison and in armed or social conflicts. When you publish in Dignity you reach an international audience. Since Dignity started publishing in 2016, over 417,000 copies of articles have been accessed in over 200 countries. The top 25 articles have been viewed from 4500 to over 17,000 times. Published articles are freely available to the public. There is no fee for publishing an article. If you want to write a book or media review about a documentary or film, please contact me.
The journal is a forum for discussion and analysis on how forms of violence and exploitation harm the dignity and health of individuals, the integrity and security of communities, and the strength and character of nations. Topics include human trafficking, sexual violence and exploitation, domestic violence and forced labor, reproductive exploitation and trafficking, gender identity, and women's experiences in prison and in armed or social conflicts. When you publish in Dignity you reach an international audience. Since Dignity started publishing in 2016, over 417,000 copies of articles have been accessed in over 200 countries. The top 25 articles have been viewed from 4500 to over 17,000 times. Published articles are freely available to the public. There is no fee for publishing an article. If you want to write a book or media review about a documentary or film, please contact me.
Research Interests: Genocide Studies, Human Trafficking, Reproductive Ethics, Sex Work, Sexual Assault, and 15 moreSex Industry and Workers, Pornography, Trauma, Rape Culture, Rape as a Weapon of War, Child Sexual Abuse, Surrogacy, Prostitution, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sex Trafficking, Sexual exploitation, Prevention Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC), Trafficking Human Beings, Gender Violence and Military Rape, and Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
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Table of Contents with links for Vol 6, No 5, 2021 of Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Violence and Exploitation
Research Interests: Sexual Violence, Human Trafficking, Human sacrifice (Anthropology Of Religion), Sex Work, Sexual Assault, and 10 moreProstitution & Trafficking, Pornography, Rape and Sexual Assault Law, Rape Culture, Feminist studies, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence, Sexual Offences and Rape, Femicides, Exotic Dancer, and Women and Aging
The Butterfly Longitudinal Research Project started in 2010 and is the only research project of its kind listening to sex trafficking victims over ten years. The project was started in Cambodia by Chab Dai (translated “Hands Together”), a... more
The Butterfly Longitudinal Research Project started in 2010 and is the only research project of its kind listening to sex trafficking victims over ten years. The project was started in Cambodia by Chab Dai (translated “Hands Together”), a coalition of Non-Government Organisations since 2006 who have focused on human trafficking. The project was founded with the express purpose of listening to the survivors’ voices and recording their experiences in order to better understand their physical, emotional and spiritual needs during their initial recovery in shelters and reintegration back into their communities. The team of researchers and the participants, all of whom willingly volunteered to tell their stories and remain anonymous, formed trusting relationships that allowed for the information provided for research to be rich and personal.
This project used a mixed methodology of both qualitative and quantitative research methods over the course of the decade in order to gain a more holistic view of the survivors’ stories. The data obtained from the research was fed back to the NGOs who were supporting the participants and they have found it valuable to adapt and evolve their aftercare programs to more precisely be tailored to the individual needs of each victim. The results were also presented in technical documents to Government policy makers, UN agencies, academic institutes and other international NGOs. This special edition of Dignity is another attempt to get the information out to the global abolition movement. A primary challenge was to maintain contact with the survivors over such a long period but the fact that this was achieved in a complex environment shows that it can be done and is worth it for all involved.
This project used a mixed methodology of both qualitative and quantitative research methods over the course of the decade in order to gain a more holistic view of the survivors’ stories. The data obtained from the research was fed back to the NGOs who were supporting the participants and they have found it valuable to adapt and evolve their aftercare programs to more precisely be tailored to the individual needs of each victim. The results were also presented in technical documents to Government policy makers, UN agencies, academic institutes and other international NGOs. This special edition of Dignity is another attempt to get the information out to the global abolition movement. A primary challenge was to maintain contact with the survivors over such a long period but the fact that this was achieved in a complex environment shows that it can be done and is worth it for all involved.
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Table of Contents of published articles in Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence, Vol 6, Issue 2, 2021
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A group of hidden victims of prostitution has been brought to light by Ingeborg Kraus, a trauma therapist in Germany, and Andrea Heinz, a woman with experience in the sex trade in Canada. Dignity has published four articles by these two... more
A group of hidden victims of prostitution has been brought to light by Ingeborg Kraus, a trauma therapist in Germany, and Andrea Heinz, a woman with experience in the sex trade in Canada. Dignity has published four articles by these two writers in the last year. Their nascent body of work is uncovering important new information and perspectives on prostitution. Through their own experience and interviews with wives of sex buyers and women with sex trade experience they show us a more holistic view of the harm of prostitution. They write about the wives and families of men who are involved in prostitution. They describe how the shadow women suffer from the harm of prostitution. By broadening the analysis of the negative impact of prostitution on women and the community they conclude that legitimizing prostitution as sex work is a mistake undermines our collective regard for women and their personal dignity and genuine sexual integrity.
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Dignity has changed its name to Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence. Now, we are broadening the scope of our publication to include articles and discussions on topics that are crucial for us to address through... more
Dignity has changed its name to Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence.
Now, we are broadening the scope of our publication to include articles and discussions on topics that are crucial for us to address through our scholarly publishing. We want to publish articles that report on and analyze the following topics, such as:
Reproductive violence and exploitation, such as surrogacy, forced abortions, forced pregnancies, sex-selected abortions, and baby selling;
Traditional harmful practices, such as female genital mutilation and child marriage;
Domestic violence, revenge attacks on women, and femicide;
Forced labor, economic exploitation, and property theft;
The debate about biological sex and gender identity, and sex-based rights versus gender based rights;
The experiences of migrant, immigrant, and refugee women and children; and
The growth of authoritarian political and social movements and how they are impacting women and girls’ rights and lives.
Please consider submitting an article to Dignity (https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dignity).
Donna M Hughes, Editor-in-Chief (dignityjournal@gmail.com)
Now, we are broadening the scope of our publication to include articles and discussions on topics that are crucial for us to address through our scholarly publishing. We want to publish articles that report on and analyze the following topics, such as:
Reproductive violence and exploitation, such as surrogacy, forced abortions, forced pregnancies, sex-selected abortions, and baby selling;
Traditional harmful practices, such as female genital mutilation and child marriage;
Domestic violence, revenge attacks on women, and femicide;
Forced labor, economic exploitation, and property theft;
The debate about biological sex and gender identity, and sex-based rights versus gender based rights;
The experiences of migrant, immigrant, and refugee women and children; and
The growth of authoritarian political and social movements and how they are impacting women and girls’ rights and lives.
Please consider submitting an article to Dignity (https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dignity).
Donna M Hughes, Editor-in-Chief (dignityjournal@gmail.com)
Research Interests: Gender Studies, Social Work, Women's Studies, Social Sciences, Domestic Violence, and 11 moreSexual Violence, Gender and Sexuality, Social Media, Bioethics Reproductive Technology, Prostitution & Trafficking, Rape Culture, Sexual Harassment, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence, Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Surrogacy, and Sexual exploitation
Table of Contents, Dignity: A Journal of Sexual Exploitation and Violence, Vol 5, Issue 3, 2020
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Table of Contents for Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence
Vol 6, Issue 2, 2021
Vol 6, Issue 2, 2021
Research Interests: Transgender Studies, Sexual Violence, Gender and Sexuality, Human Trafficking, Prostitution & Trafficking, and 10 moreFeminist Literary Theory and Gender Studies, Rape Culture, Sexual Harassment, Street Children, Andrea Dworkin, Child Sexual Abuse, Criminal Profiling of Serial Killers, Homocide, Sex trade, and Acid Attacks
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Research Interests: Gender Studies, Sex and Gender, Women's Studies, Sexual Abuse, Sexual and Reproductive Health, and 11 moreTransgender Studies, Gender and Sexuality, International Human Rights Law, Human Trafficking, Gender Equality, Theories of Gender and Transgender, Sexual violence and recovery, Surrogate Motherhood, Gender and Women's Studies, Sex Trafficking, and Sexual exploitation
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In 2013, research findings by Cunningham and Shah claimed that rape and sexually transmitted diseases were reduced by decriminalized prostitution in Rhode Island. The original unpublished claims have received wide media coverage which... more
In 2013, research findings by Cunningham and Shah claimed that rape and sexually transmitted diseases were reduced by decriminalized prostitution in Rhode Island. The original unpublished claims have received wide media coverage which have gone unexamined. This review finds errors in their analyses. One error is the date when prostitution was decriminalized in Rhode Island. Cunningham and Shah claim that prostitution was decriminalized in 2003. Our analysis finds the date of decriminalization of prostitution was 1980. The change in the start date of decriminalization significantly alters the analysis and the findings. Another error results from Cunningham and Shah using an outlier data point to define a period of analysis. The results of this review call into question the claims that the decriminalization of prostitution reduced rape and sexually transmitted disease.
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Critical reviews on flawed research on prostitution
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Table of Contents
Dignity, Vol 3, Issue 1
Dignity, Vol 3, Issue 1
Research Interests: Criminology, Domestic Violence, Violence, Human Rights, Sexual Violence, and 17 moreGender and Sexuality, Slavery, History of Slavery, Human Trafficking, LGBT Issues, Violence Against Women, Migration Studies, History of Prostitution, Prostitution & Trafficking, Rape and Sexual Assault Law, Rape Culture, Sexual Harassment, Rhode Island History, Child Sexual Abuse, Prostitution, Sex Trafficking, and Rhode Island
This practical guide focuses on identifying victims of sexual trafficking, meaning they have been trafficked for commercial sex acts, such as prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, such as stripping, lap dancing, or... more
This practical guide focuses on identifying victims of sexual trafficking, meaning they have been trafficked for commercial sex acts, such as prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, such as stripping, lap dancing, or production of pornography. Although there are commonalities between victims of sexual and labor trafficking, there are sufficient differences to require separate focus. Therefore, this guide does not describe ways to identify victims who have been trafficked for forced labor, such as domestic servants and sweat shop or migrant farm workers.
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This table of contents lists the 11 articles published in Vol 2, Issue 4 (2017) of Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence
Research Interests: Diplomatic History, Criminology, Criminal Justice, Domestic Violence, Violence, and 18 moreSexual and Reproductive Health, Human Rights Law, Italian Studies, Mexican Studies, Human Rights, Sexual Violence, Gender and Sexuality, Human Trafficking, History of Prostitution, Prostitution & Trafficking, Pornography, Child Sexual Abuse, Pornification Culture, Sexualisation Culture, of Children and Young People, Porn Chic, Pornography, Unwanted pregnancy and abortion, Politics in Thailand, Incest, Rape/ Incest/ Suicide, and Trafficking In Human Beings
Research Interests: Criminology, Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Men's Studies, Women's Studies, and 10 moreSexual Violence, Human Trafficking, Violence Against Women, Rule of Law, History of Prostitution, Prostitution & Trafficking, Women and Gender Studies, The Politics of Prostitution, Sex Trafficking, and Trafficking In Human Beings
Table of Contents, Vol 2, Issue 3
Special Issue: Freedom from Sexploitation
Special Issue: Freedom from Sexploitation
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Table of Contents, Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence, Vol 2, Issue 2
Donna M. Hughes, Editor-in-Chief
Donna M. Hughes, Editor-in-Chief
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DIGNITY: A JOURNAL ON SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND VIOLENCE began publication in late 2016. Dignity is a unique journal among the many academic journals for a number of reasons. Here are twenty reasons for authors to take advantage of its... more
DIGNITY: A JOURNAL ON SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND VIOLENCE began publication in late 2016. Dignity is a unique journal among the many academic journals for a number of reasons. Here are twenty reasons for authors to take advantage of its originality and publish an article, editorial, or book/film review in Dignity.
Research Interests: Psychology, Social Sciences, Domestic Violence, Human Rights, Sexual Violence, and 11 moreGender and Sexuality, International Human Rights Law, Human Trafficking, Social Media, Masculinities, Migration Studies, Transnational migration, History of Prostitution, Pornography, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence, and Patriarchy
A new journal devoted to the broad examination of sexual exploitation, violence and slavery has been launched by a prominent University of Rhode Island professor and researcher Donna M. Hughes. Hughes said the journal’s primary objective... more
A new journal devoted to the broad examination of sexual exploitation, violence and slavery has been launched by a prominent University of Rhode Island professor and researcher Donna M. Hughes. Hughes said the journal’s primary objective is to analyze and document human-rights violations, promote public awareness and seek ways to restore “justice, rights and dignity to those who have been dehumanized and degraded.”
Research Interests: Criminology, Psychology, Social Psychology, Social Work, Women's Studies, and 12 moreHuman Rights, Sexual Violence, Political Violence and Terrorism, Violence Prevention, Violence Against Women, History of Prostitution, Prostitution & Trafficking, Pornography, Women and Culture, Women and Gender Studies, Child Sexual Abuse, and Prevention Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC)
In December 2016, Professor of Gender and Women’s Studies Donna M. Hughes published the inaugural issue of the journal Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence as editor-in-chief. “There is no other scholarly journal that... more
In December 2016, Professor of Gender and Women’s Studies Donna M. Hughes published the inaugural issue of the journal Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence as editor-in-chief. “There is no other scholarly journal that addresses sexual exploitation and violence and has an editorial position against forms of exploitation and violence,” Hughes said.
Research Interests: Sociology, Psychology, Social Work, Social Sciences, Domestic Violence, and 13 moreHuman Rights, Sexual Violence, Violence Against Women, Gender And Violence, History of Prostitution, Prostitution & Trafficking, Pornography, Feminism and Social Justice, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence, Child Sexual Abuse, Pornification Culture, Sexualisation Culture, of Children and Young People, Porn Chic, Pornography, Prevention Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC), and Cirminology
Sexual exploitation and violence are rampant throughout the world, and academics are rightly pushing the issue into the public eye through their research and articles. University of Rhode Island professor Donna M. Hughes is at the... more
Sexual exploitation and violence are rampant throughout the world, and academics are rightly pushing the issue into the public eye through their research and articles. University of Rhode Island professor Donna M. Hughes is at the forefront of the movement with the launch of an online academic journal, “Dignity,” dedicated to publishing papers about sexual exploitation, violence and slavery. The journal is the first academic journal in the world to address global sexual exploitation and well on its way to success.
Research Interests: Criminology, Psychology, Criminal Law, Feminist Theory, Social Sciences, and 15 moreDomestic Violence, Human Rights, Sexual Violence, Slavery, History of Slavery, Violence Against Women, History of Prostitution, Prostitution & Trafficking, Pornography, Feminism and Social Justice, Child Sexual Abuse, Pornification Culture, Sexualisation Culture, of Children and Young People, Porn Chic, Pornography, Sexual exploitation, Child Sexual Abuse Prevention, and Prevention Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC)
Table of Contents for Vol 2, Issue 1, 2017 of Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence
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Table of Contents for Volume 1, Issue 1, 2016 of Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence
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For 29 years prostitution was decriminalized in Rhode Island (if it occurred indoors). Sexual exploitation and violence against women and girls were integrated into economic development. The number of sex businesses grew rapidly and... more
For 29 years prostitution was decriminalized in Rhode Island (if it occurred indoors). Sexual exploitation and violence against women and girls were integrated into economic development. The number of sex businesses grew rapidly and organized crime groups operated brothels and extorted money from adult entertainment businesses. Rhode Island became a destination for pimps, sex traffickers, and other violent criminals. The lack of laws impeded police from investigating serious crimes, including sex trafficking. Below is a bibliography of sources on the research we did on prostitution and sex trafficking and the advocacy work we did to end decriminalized prostitution. Harm of Decriminalized Prostitution to Victims, Families & Community Sex Trafficking and Decriminalized Prostitution in Rhode Island by Melanie Shapiro Since decriminalization in 1980, the sex industry has expanded and Rhode Island has become a destination for commercial sex in New England. The goal of this project was to research the history of decriminalization, gather information on Asian massage parlor brothels, and determine if sex trafficking is occurring in these establishments.
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This article is an analysis of law enforcement identified cases of human trafficking in Rhode Island from 2009 to 2013. Information was collected from police and court records, prosecutors’ press releases, and reports in the media. During... more
This article is an analysis of law enforcement identified cases of human trafficking in Rhode Island from 2009 to 2013. Information was collected from police and court records, prosecutors’ press releases, and reports in the media. During this period, there was one case of forced labor of a domestic worker and six cases of domestic sex trafficking. Many of the
characteristics of the Rhode Island cases were consistent with other human trafficking cases in the United States. Discussions of key findings include (a) outcomes of a criminal case using a new human trafficking statute on fraud in foreign contracting and a civil suit, (b) how online prostitution ads are used to market victims to sex buyers using ethnicity of the victims and age and social standing of the sex buyers, and (c) how mothers of victims are involved in locating their daughters and making reports to the police that initiated investigations.
characteristics of the Rhode Island cases were consistent with other human trafficking cases in the United States. Discussions of key findings include (a) outcomes of a criminal case using a new human trafficking statute on fraud in foreign contracting and a civil suit, (b) how online prostitution ads are used to market victims to sex buyers using ethnicity of the victims and age and social standing of the sex buyers, and (c) how mothers of victims are involved in locating their daughters and making reports to the police that initiated investigations.
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Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence is an open access, peer-reviewed, international, interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing original scholarly articles on topics related to sexual exploitation, violence, and... more
Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence is an open access, peer-reviewed, international, interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing original scholarly articles on topics related to sexual exploitation, violence, and slavery. The journal is a forum for research, discussion, and analysis on how these forms of violence harm the dignity and health of individuals, the integrity and security of communities, and the strength and character of nations. The journal is an arena for practitioners, advocates and service providers to report on interventions, movements and progress on healing individuals, rehabilitating communities and transforming states into actors where justice serves all people, regardless of sex, gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, nationality, class, caste or religion. The journal encourages investigations and discussion of challenges to dignity and justice such as corruption, lack of rule of law, harmful cultural practices, and laws and policies that justify and institutionalize inequality, violence and exploitation. The journal is a forum to examine how individuals, civil societies and states have responded to improve human and civil rights. Dignity aims to contribute to the evidence-based knowledge and theoretical development of these topics to give people the tools to end sexual exploitation, violence, and slavery.
Research Interests: Social Justice, Organized Crime, Female Genital Mutilation, Black feminism, Rule of Law, and 19 moreBlack feminist theory/thought (Cultural Theory), Rape and Sexual Assault Law, Transnational Organized Crime, Feminism and Social Justice, Post traumatic stress disorder, Rape as a Weapon of War, Abolitionism, Sexual Assault Prevention, Honor Killing, Incest, Victimization, Sexual exploitation, Victims of Crime, Human Traffikcing, Victims of Trafficking, Sex Work, Child Marriage, Child Sexual Abuse Prevention, Black Feminisms, Feminsim, women´s movements social movements, gender politics, and Transnational Organized Crime Groups
Please join a professional global community in the creation of a new online, open-access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal on sexual exploitation. As we know, sexual exploitation is a harmful global phenomenon, a human rights violation,... more
Please join a professional global community in the creation of a new online, open-access, peer-reviewed scholarly journal on sexual exploitation.
As we know, sexual exploitation is a harmful global phenomenon, a human rights violation, and a gender crime that affects millions of women, girls, boys, and men, around the world. The resulting trauma causes lifelong harmful effects for victims, their families, and society. Sexual exploitation is often embedded in cultural, social, and economic practices that normalize the harm. These practices and crimes are often outside the effective rule of law, resulting in the lack of justice for the victims and continuing harm to the community.
There is no other journal that focuses on sexual exploitation and is committed to abolitionist, human rights principles. The journal will create a forum for understanding and combating sexual exploitation and explore the connection among different types of gender crimes.
As we know, sexual exploitation is a harmful global phenomenon, a human rights violation, and a gender crime that affects millions of women, girls, boys, and men, around the world. The resulting trauma causes lifelong harmful effects for victims, their families, and society. Sexual exploitation is often embedded in cultural, social, and economic practices that normalize the harm. These practices and crimes are often outside the effective rule of law, resulting in the lack of justice for the victims and continuing harm to the community.
There is no other journal that focuses on sexual exploitation and is committed to abolitionist, human rights principles. The journal will create a forum for understanding and combating sexual exploitation and explore the connection among different types of gender crimes.
Research Interests: Criminology, Domestic Violence, Traumatic Stress, Sexual Violence, Gender and Sexuality, and 25 moreStakeholders, Trauma Studies, Human Trafficking, Female Genital Mutilation, History of Prostitution, Prostitution & Trafficking, Civil Society, Women and Gender Studies, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence, Childhood Sexual Abuse, Sex Tourism, Sexual violence and recovery, Child Sexual Abuse, Child marriage prevention, Sexual Deviant Behaviour, Child Sexual Exploitation, Sexual Abuse, Risk Assessment, Child Pornography, Victims and Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse, Child Marriage, Sexualization of Children, Child Sexual Abuse Prevention, Prevention Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC), Gender Based Violence and Sexual Harassment, Trafficking Human Beings, and Migration and Human Trafficking
This paper argues for making gender crimes more visible in the discussion of public safety in urban Rhode Island. It proposes making gender crimes a central factor for evaluating public safety in urban Rhode Island. The aim of this paper... more
This paper argues for making gender crimes more visible in the discussion of public safety in urban Rhode Island. It proposes making gender crimes a central factor for evaluating public safety in urban Rhode Island. The aim of this paper is to reconsider how gender crimes are ranked in official response and allocation of resources. It supports responding to and stopping gender-based violence as a way to create safer urban spaces in Rhode Island
Research Interests: Criminology, Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Gender Studies, Women's Studies, and 10 moreDomestic Violence, Sexual Violence, Urban Studies, Violence Against Women, Masculinities, Prostitution & Trafficking, Child Sexual Abuse, The Politics of Prostitution, Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Studies, and Public Policy
In this article, the intersection of gender, trafficking for sexual exploitation, and use of digital communication technologies are analyzed based on data from the European Union (EU). Over the past two decades, an increase in trafficking... more
In this article, the intersection of gender, trafficking for sexual exploitation, and use of digital communication technologies are analyzed based on data from the European Union (EU). Over the past two decades, an increase in trafficking in human beings in the EU has been accompanied by an increase in the development and availability of digital communication technologies. The first statistical analysis of trafficking in human beings (2008-2010) carried out by the European Commission found 23,632 victims of human trafficking in the reporting member states. Eighty percent of victims were women and girls; 20% were men and boys. The majority of the victims (62%) were trafficked for sexual exploitation. Digital communication technologies are widely used for trafficking for sexual exploitation, and more rarely for trafficking for forced labor. This article concludes that the combination of gender, trafficking for sexual exploitation, and use of digital communication technologies has created a nexus of victimization for women and girls. Based on this analysis and other sources of information, the European region is the world’s leading region for trafficking for sexual exploitation.
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This paper is an analysis of law enforcement identified cases of human trafficking in Rhode Island from 2009 to 2013. Information was collected from police and court records, prosecutors’ press releases, and reports in the media. During... more
This paper is an analysis of law enforcement identified cases of human trafficking in Rhode Island from 2009 to 2013. Information was collected from police and court records, prosecutors’ press releases, and reports in the media. During this period, there was one case of forced labor of a domestic worker and six cases of domestic sex trafficking. Many of the characteristics of the Rhode Island cases were consistent with other human trafficking cases in the United States. Discussions of key findings include: 1) outcomes of a criminal case using a new human trafficking statute on fraud in foreign contracting and a civil suit; 2) how online prostitution ads are used to market victims to sex buyers using ethnicity of the victims and age and social standing of the sex buyers; and 3) how mothers of victims are involved in locating their daughters and making reports to the police that initiated investigations.
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For 29 years (1980 to 2009) prostitution was decriminalized in Rhode Island. Lack of laws or regulations created a permissive legal, economic and cultural environment for the growth of sex businesses. During this time, sexual exploitation... more
For 29 years (1980 to 2009) prostitution was decriminalized in Rhode Island. Lack of laws or regulations created a permissive legal, economic and cultural environment for the growth of sex businesses. During this time, sexual exploitation and violence against women and girls were integrated into the economic development of urban areas. The number of sex businesses grew rapidly during this period. Organized crime groups operated brothels and extorted money from adult entertainment businesses. Rhode Island became a destination for pimps, traffickers, and other violent criminals. The lack of laws impeded police from investigating serious crimes.
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Report on research carried out as part of the U.S. Ukraine Research Partnership, International Center of the U.S. National Institute of Justice and the Ukrainian Academy of Legal Sciences.
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This practical guide focuses on identifying victims of sexual trafficking, meaning they have been trafficked for commercial sex acts, such as prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, such as stripping, lap dancing, or... more
This practical guide focuses on identifying victims of sexual trafficking, meaning they have been trafficked for commercial sex acts, such as prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, such as stripping, lap dancing, or production of pornography. Although there are commonalities between victims of sexual and labor trafficking, there are sufficient differences to require separate focus. Therefore, this guide does not describe ways to identify victims who have been trafficked for forced labor, such as domestic servants and sweat shop or migrant farm workers.
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On 10 December 1993, International Human Rights Day, The Autonomous Women's Center Against Sexual Violence opened in Belgrade, Serbia. Plans for the Center started in 1992 when women from the Belgrade SOS Hotline for Women and Children... more
On 10 December 1993, International Human Rights Day, The Autonomous Women's Center Against Sexual Violence opened in Belgrade, Serbia. Plans for the Center started in 1992 when women from the Belgrade SOS Hotline for Women and Children Victims of Violence formed The Group for Women Raped in War. ... The founders of the Center conceptualized and are carrying out their work as a form of political resistance to sexism, nationalism, and militarism. The women at the Center want to organize and respond to rape on all levels, from the emotional level of each woman, to the political level of rape in war as a tool of ethnic cleansing.
Research Interests: Gender Studies, Women's Studies, Sexual Violence, Women and War Studies, Feminism, and 7 moreFeminist & Womanist Movements, Serbian Politics, Sexual Violence as weapon of war, Sexual Violence Against Women in Armed Conflict, South Slavic and Balkan political, diplomatic, social and cultural history, Nationalism and identity construction, and Breakup of the former Yugoslavia
A powerpoint presentation about the open access, academic journal Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence at the WDI-USA conference, panel on Feminist Publications.
Research Interests: Gender Studies, Women's Studies, Feminist Theory, Open Access Publishing, Feminist Philosophy, and 12 moreFeminism, Violence Against Women, Peer Review, Academic Publishing, Feminism and Social Justice, Radical Feminism, Women and Gender Studies, Academic Culture, Feminist Writing, Academic Journals, Women in academia, and Radical Feminist Politics
Less is known about perpetrators of sex trafficking compared to the victims. The aim of this study is to learn more about sex traffickers by analyzing the criminal backgrounds of offenders arrested for sex trafficking crimes. Between 2009... more
Less is known about perpetrators of sex trafficking compared to the victims. The aim of this study is to learn more about sex traffickers by analyzing the criminal backgrounds of offenders arrested for sex trafficking crimes. Between 2009 and 2015, there were 22 cases of sex trafficking involving 38 traffickers in Rhode Island. Criminal background records are publicly available in Rhode Island, so the records for each sex trafficker were retrieved from the Rhode Island Judiciary Criminal Information online database. In addition, information on previous convictions was extracted from sentencing memoranda and other court documents available from Rhode Island Superior Court and the U.S. District Court of Rhode Island. The conviction records for offenders were sorted into misdemeanor and felony crimes. The convictions were also assigned to three crime categories: 1) public order crimes, 2) property crimes, and 3) violent crimes. The findings on the number of crimes committed in these categories of crimes will be reported and discussed. The number of previous violent crime convictions, particularly for domestic violence, sexual assault and abuse, and pimping will be discussed. These findings provide information on the number and types of crimes that sex traffickers have committed and start to characterize the backgrounds of sex traffickers.
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Identifying victims of sex trafficking can be challenging for law enforcement. To determine how victims were identified in cases of sex trafficking that resulted in criminal charges, this study analyzed the records from prosecuted cases... more
Identifying victims of sex trafficking can be challenging for law enforcement. To determine how victims were identified in cases of sex trafficking that resulted in criminal charges, this study analyzed the records from prosecuted cases of sex trafficking to determine how the victims were identified. The analysis used primary documents, including police narratives, witness statements, indictments, plea bargains, and sentencing memoranda retrieved from the Superior Court and the U.S. District Court in Rhode Island. Between 2009 and 2015, there were 22 cases of sex trafficking involving 38 traffickers. In these cases, at least 30 victims were identified. The public court records for each case were reviewed to determine how victims and cases came to the attention of law enforcement. The following groups of people identified victims to law enforcement that resulted in state and federal prosecutions: 1) Victims asking for help; 2) Parents locating runaway teens; 3) Law enforcement conducting investigations; 4) Social and medical services personnel; and 5) Concerned citizens. Details of the ways victims were identified will be described and discussed. This analysis will increase awareness of how victims of sex trafficking are being identified and lead to better identification of victims in the future.
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Since the Korean War and permanent stationing of U.S. troops in the Republic of Korea (ROK), U.S. servicemen stationed in the ROK have purchased sex from women trafficked domestically and across international borders to work in bars and... more
Since the Korean War and permanent stationing of U.S. troops in the Republic of Korea (ROK), U.S. servicemen stationed in the ROK have purchased sex from women trafficked domestically and across international borders to work in bars and clubs surrounding U.S. military bases. For decades, the Department of Defense (DoD) and United States Forces Korea (USFK) denied that U.S. servicemen purchased sex and did not enforce the Uniform Code of Military Justice, Article 138-34 Pandering and Prostitution, which states that buying sex is illegal and punishable by military law. The DoD and USFK did not connect women working in bars and clubs to human trafficking. Their primary concern was providing entertainment to servicemen and ensuring the safety of servicemen who frequented bars and clubs. The welfare of the exploited women was ignored. Since 2000, after the Trafficking Victims Protection Act passed, along with reauthorizations in 2003, 2006, 2008 and 2013, the U.S. military has acknowledged the relationship between sexual exploitation in bars and clubs and human trafficking. Since then, the USFK has increased training on human trafficking and set stricter prevention policies for U.S. servicemen visiting clubs and bars. This paper will present the laws and policies aimed at reducing the trafficking in women around U.S. military bases in South Korea. It will discuss whether efforts made by the USFK have resulted in a decrease in prostitution and sex trafficking around U.S. military bases.
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This presentation is a case study of challenges to investigating sex trafficking created by decriminalized prostitution. For 29 years (from 1980 to 2009) in Rhode Island, engaging in prostitution was not prohibited or regulated.... more
This presentation is a case study of challenges to investigating sex trafficking created by decriminalized prostitution. For 29 years (from 1980 to 2009) in Rhode Island, engaging in prostitution was not prohibited or regulated. Commercial sex acts were private and beyond the interest of the state. Lack of laws or regulations of prostitution created a permissive legal, economic, and cultural environment for the growth of prostitution businesses. Local police were impeded from investigating alleged sex trafficking because police had no legal cause to investigate private activities. In interviews, law enforcement officials repeatedly stated that they did not have the laws they needed to conduct investigations. Police tried using health, fire, and building codes to find a legal path to investigate the brothels, but attorneys defending the brothels were aggressive in countering police efforts. Because local and state police were hindered from investigating prostitution, they could not partner with federal law enforcement agencies in national initiatives to investigate sex trafficking of minors. Also, federal laws, such as Transportation for Illegal Sexual Activity and Related Crimes, could not be used because prostitution was not an illegal activity. Federal investigations of international smuggling, transportation, and sex trafficking initiated in other states linked brothels in Rhode Island to international sex trafficking networks. Decriminalized prostitution and lack of investigations into sex trafficking made Rhode Island a destination for sex traffickers. After decriminalized prostitution had ended, traffickers who were arrested said they brought victims to Rhode Island because prostitution was legal. The Rhode Island experience with decriminalized prostitution and its hindrance of investigation of sex trafficking serves as a cautionary note for current advocacy for decriminalized prostitution.
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Abstract for 7th Annual Northeast Undergraduate Research and Development Symposium at the University of New England, March 7-8, 2015
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PowerPoint Presentation for 7th Annual Northeast Undergraduate Research and Development Symposium at the University of New England, March 7-8, 2015.
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Present an analysis of seven state and federal cases of human trafficking, including forced labor and sex trafficking, in Rhode Island from 2009 until 2013. In 2009, Rhode Island passed a comprehensive human trafficking law. Since then... more
Present an analysis of seven state and federal cases of human trafficking, including forced labor and sex trafficking, in Rhode Island from 2009 until 2013. In 2009, Rhode Island passed a comprehensive human trafficking law. Since then there have been six cases of sex trafficking and one case of forced labor. Sources for information on the human trafficking cases were police reports, witness statements, court documents and media reports. This presentation will briefly summarize the cases and discuss the similarities and difference among the cases and discuss of some key findings from these cases, which include:
1) Victims were trafficked to Rhode Island because of an actual or perceived environment of tolerance of prostitution
2) Mothers of victims were involved in finding their daughters on online prostitution advertising sites sites and making police reports that initiated investigations
3) Victims were identified and reported to police by educated professionals and aware citizens
4) Victims of sex trafficking were often runaway or missing teens
5) Traffickers used online prostitution sites to advertise victims of sex trafficking
6) The credibility of a domestic worker victim of forced labor differed between judges
7) Sex buyers were not arrested in connection to any of the sex trafficking cases
1) Victims were trafficked to Rhode Island because of an actual or perceived environment of tolerance of prostitution
2) Mothers of victims were involved in finding their daughters on online prostitution advertising sites sites and making police reports that initiated investigations
3) Victims were identified and reported to police by educated professionals and aware citizens
4) Victims of sex trafficking were often runaway or missing teens
5) Traffickers used online prostitution sites to advertise victims of sex trafficking
6) The credibility of a domestic worker victim of forced labor differed between judges
7) Sex buyers were not arrested in connection to any of the sex trafficking cases
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Law and policy on prostitution are being debated and changed in many countries around the world. A number of countries have changed their laws and policies on prostitution in the last seven years (the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, New... more
Law and policy on prostitution are being debated and changed in many countries around the world. A number of countries have changed their laws and policies on prostitution in the last seven years (the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, New Zealand, and South Korea), and several more governments have proposed change in their prostitution laws (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Ghana, Russian Federation). The different state approaches to prostitution – prohibition, regulation, decriminalization, and abolition – will be defined and described. Central to the debate on law and policy on prostitution is the relationship between sex trafficking and prostitution. All four of these approaches have been implemented in at least one country, and in every case advocates of the change in law predicted a decrease in sex trafficking of women and children into the country as an outcome. This paper will describe the impact of change in prostitution law and policy on prostitution and the sex trafficking of women and children in several countries, including the U.S.
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This panel will discuss the persistence of slavery in the form of human trafficking in Rhode Island. To address modern-day slavery-like practices, the U.S. passed the Trafficking Victims Protection Act in 2000 and Rhode Island passed the... more
This panel will discuss the persistence of slavery in the form of human trafficking in Rhode Island. To address modern-day slavery-like practices, the U.S. passed the Trafficking Victims Protection Act in 2000 and Rhode Island passed the Trafficking of Persons and Involuntary Servitude Act in 2009. Both state and federal anti-human trafficking laws identify two types of human trafficking: forced labor and sex trafficking.
This panel will present the findings of original research done by the five authors during the Spring 2014 on human trafficking cases in Rhode Island from 2009-2013. Sources for analysis of these cases include: police reports, witness statements, court documents and print and TV media reports.
Between 2009 and 2013, there have been six cases of sex trafficking and one case of forced labor identified and prosecuted in Rhode Island by Federal and State authorities. This presentation will characterize the cases, including: background of the victims, how the victims were recruited, how the victims were exploited, how the cases were identified by the police, and the outcomes of the prosecutions.
The description and analyses of these sex trafficking and forced labor cases in Rhode Island reveal that slavery—in the form of human trafficking—still exists today.
This panel will present the findings of original research done by the five authors during the Spring 2014 on human trafficking cases in Rhode Island from 2009-2013. Sources for analysis of these cases include: police reports, witness statements, court documents and print and TV media reports.
Between 2009 and 2013, there have been six cases of sex trafficking and one case of forced labor identified and prosecuted in Rhode Island by Federal and State authorities. This presentation will characterize the cases, including: background of the victims, how the victims were recruited, how the victims were exploited, how the cases were identified by the police, and the outcomes of the prosecutions.
The description and analyses of these sex trafficking and forced labor cases in Rhode Island reveal that slavery—in the form of human trafficking—still exists today.
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Present an analysis of seven state and federal cases of human trafficking, including forced labor and sex trafficking, in Rhode Island from 2009 until 2013. In 2009, Rhode Island passed a comprehensive human trafficking law. Since then... more
Present an analysis of seven state and federal cases of human trafficking, including forced labor and sex trafficking, in Rhode Island from 2009 until 2013. In 2009, Rhode Island passed a comprehensive human trafficking law. Since then there have been six cases of sex trafficking and one case of forced labor. Sources for information on the human trafficking cases were police reports, witness statements, court documents and media reports. This presentation will briefly summarize the cases and discuss the similarities and difference among the cases and discuss of some key findings from these cases, which include:
1) Victims were trafficked to Rhode Island because of an actual or perceived environment of tolerance of prostitution
2) Mothers of victims were involved in finding their daughters on online prostitution advertising sites sites and making police reports that initiated investigations
3) Victims were identified and reported to police by educated professionals and aware citizens
4) Victims of sex trafficking were often runaway or missing teens
5) Traffickers used online prostitution sites to advertise victims of sex trafficking
6) The credibility of a domestic worker victim of forced labor differed between judges
7) Sex buyers were not arrested in connection to any of the sex trafficking cases
1) Victims were trafficked to Rhode Island because of an actual or perceived environment of tolerance of prostitution
2) Mothers of victims were involved in finding their daughters on online prostitution advertising sites sites and making police reports that initiated investigations
3) Victims were identified and reported to police by educated professionals and aware citizens
4) Victims of sex trafficking were often runaway or missing teens
5) Traffickers used online prostitution sites to advertise victims of sex trafficking
6) The credibility of a domestic worker victim of forced labor differed between judges
7) Sex buyers were not arrested in connection to any of the sex trafficking cases
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A gender analysis of sex trafficking and prostitution in which men, the actors, create the demand for commercial sex acts, and women are the objects which are used.
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The Internet has become the latest place for promoting the global trafficking and sexual exploitation of women and children. This global communication network is being used to promote and engage in the buying and selling of women and... more
The Internet has become the latest place for promoting the global trafficking and sexual exploitation of women and children. This global communication network is being used to promote and engage in the buying and selling of women and children. Agents offer catalogues of mail order brides, with girls as young as 13. Commercial prostitution tours are advertised. Men exchange information on where to find prostitutes and describe how they can be used. After their trips men write reports on how much they paid for women and children and give pornographic descriptions of what they did to them. New technology has enabled an online merger of pornography and prostitution, with videoconferencing bringing live sex shows to the Internet. Rape videos are broadcast over the Internet.
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We are here today to celebrate International Women’s Day, and to use this occasion to discuss
why we need women in leadership positions for the success of democracy in the Middle East and
Iran.
why we need women in leadership positions for the success of democracy in the Middle East and
Iran.
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I propose a presentation in which I will describe my personal and professional experiences developing and teaching university level courses on human trafficking, including both sex trafficking and forced labor. Although I have read... more
I propose a presentation in which I will describe my personal and professional experiences developing and teaching university level courses on human trafficking, including both sex trafficking and forced labor.
Although I have read about historic slavery all my life, my research, writing, and teaching has focused on contemporary human trafficking, particularly sex trafficking. Seven years ago, I developed and started teaching a course on sex trafficking and a course on human trafficking, which included forced labor. I have taught these courses every year since 2006.
For some time, I did not include historic slavery in the curriculum. My research and expertise was on contemporary human trafficking. I wasn’t a scholar of slavery and wasn’t sure I was knowledgeable enough about historic slavery to include it in my courses.
Recently, I have felt compelled to include more history in my courses and make the connections between contemporary human trafficking and historic slavery. One of the reasons for this was the increasing awareness that slavery never ended, not in the U.S. or anywhere around the world. There is no demarcation or historic separation between contemporary and historic practices of forced labor or sexual exploitation. A second reason was to draw comparisons between the systems for forced labor, how they were rationalized by ideology, economics, or culture.
The present goal of my teaching is to add historic slavery to my courses and present a more seamless history of slavery and exploitation.
Although I have read about historic slavery all my life, my research, writing, and teaching has focused on contemporary human trafficking, particularly sex trafficking. Seven years ago, I developed and started teaching a course on sex trafficking and a course on human trafficking, which included forced labor. I have taught these courses every year since 2006.
For some time, I did not include historic slavery in the curriculum. My research and expertise was on contemporary human trafficking. I wasn’t a scholar of slavery and wasn’t sure I was knowledgeable enough about historic slavery to include it in my courses.
Recently, I have felt compelled to include more history in my courses and make the connections between contemporary human trafficking and historic slavery. One of the reasons for this was the increasing awareness that slavery never ended, not in the U.S. or anywhere around the world. There is no demarcation or historic separation between contemporary and historic practices of forced labor or sexual exploitation. A second reason was to draw comparisons between the systems for forced labor, how they were rationalized by ideology, economics, or culture.
The present goal of my teaching is to add historic slavery to my courses and present a more seamless history of slavery and exploitation.
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In light of shared moral responsibility to help the millions of people who are bought, sold, transported and held against their will in slave-like condition, a conference entitled “A Call to Action: Joining the Fight Against... more
In light of shared moral responsibility to
help the millions of people who are bought, sold,
transported and held against their will in slave-like condition, a conference entitled “A Call to
Action: Joining the Fight Against Trafficking in Persons” was held
at the Pontifical Gregorian
University in Rome on June 17, 2004. The event was part of the 20th
anniversary celebration of
full diplomatic relations between the United Stat
es and the Holy See, and their shared work to
promote human dignity, liberty, justice, and peace.
help the millions of people who are bought, sold,
transported and held against their will in slave-like condition, a conference entitled “A Call to
Action: Joining the Fight Against Trafficking in Persons” was held
at the Pontifical Gregorian
University in Rome on June 17, 2004. The event was part of the 20th
anniversary celebration of
full diplomatic relations between the United Stat
es and the Holy See, and their shared work to
promote human dignity, liberty, justice, and peace.
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On March 16, a man entered three Atlanta-area "spas" and killed eight people, seven of them women, six of them Asian women. A massacre. I knew right away that these establishments were Asian massage parlors. Iʼve researched the sex... more
On March 16, a man entered three Atlanta-area "spas" and killed eight people, seven of them women, six of them Asian women. A massacre. I knew right away that these establishments were Asian massage parlors. Iʼve researched the sex trafficking and sexual exploitation of women and girls for 30 years. The exteriors of the buildings, the signs, and the lights show all the trappings of places that sell sexual massages and sex acts.
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Dignity is a scholarly journal dedicated to creating a publishing space for all members of the community—survivors, activists, legal advocates, service providers, researchers, theorists, and scholars—who write about exploitation and... more
Dignity is a scholarly journal dedicated to creating a publishing space for all members of the community—survivors, activists, legal advocates, service providers, researchers, theorists, and scholars—who write about exploitation and violence. Frontline Reports put Dignity on the leading edge of naming, describing, and analyzing topics relevant to our work of ending exploitation and violence. Each report teaches us about the immediate topic and opens up new horizons for future scholarship. By bringing all together, we facilitate the exchange of information and enhance the development of scholarship in the field.
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Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence is an open access, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to publishing original articles on topics related to sexual exploitation, violence, and slavery.
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Men who buy sex----and they are only a small minority of men---are responsible for the crime of sex trafficking continuing to thrive. When sex traffickers find victims and coerce them into prostitution, they are serving the sex buyers,... more
Men who buy sex----and they are only a small minority of men---are responsible for the crime of sex trafficking continuing to thrive. When sex traffickers find victims and coerce them into prostitution, they are serving the sex buyers, who pay them well for finding and marketing the victims to them.
For years, analysts have studied sex trafficking to determine the best way to combat this modern form of slavery. Today, a consensus is forming among advocates and law enforcement that to combat sex trafficking, the focus has to be on men who buy sex as much as on the pimps who recruit and enslave the victims.
For years, analysts have studied sex trafficking to determine the best way to combat this modern form of slavery. Today, a consensus is forming among advocates and law enforcement that to combat sex trafficking, the focus has to be on men who buy sex as much as on the pimps who recruit and enslave the victims.
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There is another loophole in Rhode Island’s prostitution law. There is no penalty for anyone found guilty of “permitting prostitution.” I found this loophole last spring when I was reading the Rhode Island criminal statutes on... more
There is another loophole in Rhode Island’s prostitution law. There is no penalty for anyone found guilty of “permitting prostitution.” I found this loophole last spring when I was reading the Rhode Island criminal statutes on prostitution, pandering and permitting prostitution. I noticed that although permitting prostitution is defined as a crime, with a detailed definition, there is no penalty for being guilty of it.
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Prostitution thrives on lies. For the last 25 years, one of the biggest promoters of misinformation about it has been the movie "Pretty Woman," a romantic comedy about a poor, unsophisticated prostitute and a handsome, rich sex buyer who... more
Prostitution thrives on lies. For the last 25 years, one of the biggest promoters of misinformation about it has been the movie "Pretty Woman," a romantic comedy about a poor, unsophisticated prostitute and a handsome, rich sex buyer who fall in love. Its portrayal of prostitution is far from reality. Prostitution is not a romantic comedy any more than domestic violence or acquaintance rape are funny love stories.
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La prostitution se développe sur des mensonges. Pour les 25 dernières années, l'un des principaux promoteurs de désinformation à ce sujet a été le film « Pretty Woman », une comédie romantique à propos d’une prostituée simple et pauvre et... more
La prostitution se développe sur des mensonges. Pour les 25 dernières années, l'un des principaux promoteurs de désinformation à ce sujet a été le film « Pretty Woman », une comédie romantique à propos d’une prostituée simple et pauvre et un riche et bel acheteur de sexe qui tombent en amour. La représentation de la prostitution dans ce film est très éloignée de la réalité.
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"Aziza Ahmed begins her article “Think Again: Prostitution” with the oldest slur against women: that “prostitution may be the world’s oldest profession” (January/February 2014). "
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For almost 30 years (1980-2009) there were no laws against indoor prostitution in Rhode Island. During that time, being an owner of a strip club where prostitution occurred in the private booths or being a landlord for a massage parlor... more
For almost 30 years (1980-2009) there were no laws against indoor prostitution in Rhode Island. During that time, being an owner of a strip club where prostitution occurred in the private booths or being a landlord for a massage parlor that was really a brothel were shady, but legal, ways to make money. During the same time, there was no comprehensive law against human trafficking and there was no law banning underage girls from stripping in the clubs.
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Women in Iran want equality, respect, and the right to participate in all social, political, and economic activities. They want to live their lives productively and with dignity. Throughout the 20th Century Iranian women have organized... more
Women in Iran want equality, respect, and the right to participate in all social, political, and economic activities. They want to live their lives productively and with dignity. Throughout the 20th Century Iranian women have organized and fought for human and political rights, from the Constitutional Revolution at the turn of the century to the democratic movement that overthrew the Shah of Iran.
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The authors report on the flourishing sex trafficking in Iran under a tyrannical system of gender apartheid. Over the past 25 years, the Islamic fundamentalists in Iran have designed various measures in controlling, harassing and... more
The authors report on the flourishing sex trafficking in Iran under a tyrannical system of gender apartheid. Over the past 25 years, the Islamic fundamentalists in Iran have designed various measures in controlling, harassing and punishing women and girls in the name of Islam. They have passed and enforced humiliating sadistic rules and punishments on women and girls, enslaving them in a system of segregation, forced veiling and second-class status. Now, Iran has joined the growing global criminal activity of sex trafficking. Various factors including unemployment, running away from homes, poverty and drug addiction are contributing the problem of sex trafficking. Women and girls have no guarantees of freedom and rights in Iran.
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I am a juvenile sex trafficking survivor. I was sold here in New Hampshire and other states as well. This is happening now too. Even with a law against prostitution, the more egregious elements are prevalent. Trafficking is not separate... more
I am a juvenile sex trafficking survivor. I was sold here in New Hampshire and other states as well. This is happening now too. Even with a law against prostitution, the more egregious elements are prevalent. Trafficking is not separate from prostitution, it is just the darker side of the very same coin.
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There is an organized effort in New Hampshire to fully decriminalize prostitution. What that means is that all laws controlling the buying and selling of sex will be removed from the law books, making prostitution legal. Law enforcement... more
There is an organized effort in New Hampshire to fully decriminalize prostitution. What that means is that all laws controlling the buying and selling of sex will be removed from the law books, making prostitution legal. Law enforcement and public officials will then have no control over if, when, and where prostitution occurs, whether it’s in massage parlors (often called spas), hotels, apartments, residences, or strip clubs. Because commercial sex will be legal, pimps and “sex workers” will be able to freely advertise prostitution services. Pimps will be able to openly recruit women and girls into prostitution, without fear of legal repercussions. If that happens, New Hampshire’s Employment Security office could suggest to unemployed women that they accept “jobs” in the sex industry, making it will be a job like any other.
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Research Interests: Southeast Asian Studies, Race and Racism, Sexual Violence, Slavery, Race and Ethnicity, and 12 moreRacism, Gender and Race, Ethnicity, Prostitution & Trafficking, Prostitution, Commodification, Sexual Behaviors and Practices of Male Prostitutes, Brothels, Sexual slavery, Modern Day Slavery, Providence, and Rhode Island
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There are many flaws to the Cunningham and Shah analysis. We’ll discuss only two of them and show how these errors invalidate the professors’ findings.
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From 1980 to 2009, Rhode Island had decriminalized prostitution if the activity took place indoors. The lack of regulation or criminalization of prostitution prohibited effective investigations into sex trafficking, although there was... more
From 1980 to 2009, Rhode Island had decriminalized prostitution if the activity took place indoors. The lack of regulation or criminalization of prostitution prohibited effective investigations into sex trafficking, although there was evidence of the operation of organized crime groups and individual traffickers (pimps). With the passage of three new laws on human trafficking, prostitution, and the prohibition on minors working in adult entertainment, there has been increased police investigation and prosecution of traffickers. Cases have shown that traffickers exploit minors, developmentally delayed teens, and vulnerable young women.
Recently, an unpublished paper by two professors claiming that decriminalized prostitution benefited the population of Rhode Island has received national media coverage.
Recently, an unpublished paper by two professors claiming that decriminalized prostitution benefited the population of Rhode Island has received national media coverage.
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The lack of a law against indoor prostitution can create a "zone of impunity in which police can't go, and where traffickers can exploit their prey," according to Luis CdeBaca, Ambassador at Large to Combat Human Trafficking and Director... more
The lack of a law against indoor prostitution can create a "zone of impunity in which police can't go, and where traffickers can exploit their prey," according to Luis CdeBaca, Ambassador at Large to Combat Human Trafficking and Director of the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons in the U.S. State Department.
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Women's International Network News Editor's Note: This is the most comprehensive global research study of sexual exploitation of women and girls ever undertaken and published. It provides important facts and documentation given the... more
Women's International Network News Editor's Note: This is the most comprehensive global research study of sexual exploitation of women and girls ever undertaken and published. It provides important facts and documentation given the constantly growing trafficking in women worldwide. Here are the real facts detailed and documented which is needed to finally deal with the growing networks of culprits and stop this horrendous trade.
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In the midst of countries embroiled in nationalistic war, Serbian and Croatian feminists resisted war and nationalism. Lepa Mladenovic and Donna M. Hughes write about the amazing activism of feminists in Belgrade in the early '90s. They... more
In the midst of countries embroiled in nationalistic war, Serbian and Croatian feminists resisted war and nationalism. Lepa Mladenovic and Donna M. Hughes write about the amazing activism of feminists in Belgrade in the early '90s. They founded many groups -- SOS hotline, Women's Lobby, Women's Parliament, Women in Black (an antiwar group), a center opposing sexual violence, a center for girls, a women's studies center, a counseling center, two centers for battered women, a feminist publishing house, an incest trauma center, two houses for single women refugees from Krajina (a predominantly Serbian part of Croatia from which the Serbs were driven out), a group supporting women's enterprises, a group supporting women with disabilities, and a Roma (gypsy) women's center. Not all of the women involved were immune to nationalism. The Women's Party dissolved over conflicts on nationalism and the SOS hotline had conflicts over nationalism; some women with nationalist perspectives left the group, while others stayed and stopped talking from a nationalistic perspective.
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The scientific method is a tool for the construction and justification of dominance in the world. The invention of statistics was a major methodological advance in the descriptive sciences causing a shift from descriptive analysis to... more
The scientific method is a tool for the construction and justification of dominance in the world. The invention of statistics was a major methodological advance in the descriptive sciences causing a shift from descriptive analysis to mathematical analysis. The new methodological techniques were invented by men who were interested in explaining the inheritance of traits in order to support their political ideology of natural human superiority and inferiority. The statistical techniques transformed the scientific method and resulted in a process that constructs knowledge and establishes “significant differences” between the dominant group as the norm and the subordinate group as the “Other.” The five steps in the process that integrates domination into the scientific method and results in the scientific construction the Other are: (a) Naming, (b) Quantification, (c) Statistical Analysis, (d) Reification, and (e) Objectification.
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The scientific method is a tool for the construction and justification of dominance in the world. The invention of statistics was a major methodological advance in the descriptive sciences causing a shift from descriptive analysis to... more
The scientific method is a tool for the construction and justification of dominance in the world. The invention of statistics was a major methodological advance in the descriptive sciences causing a shift from descriptive analysis to mathematical analysis. The new methodological techniques were invented by men who were interested in explaining the inheritance of traits in order to support their political ideology of natural human superiority and inferiority. The statistical techniques transformed the scientific method and resulted in a process that constructs knowledge and establishes “significant differences” between the dominant group as the norm and the subordinate group as the “Other.” The five steps in the process that integrates domination into the scientific method and results in the scientific construction the Other are: (a) Naming, (b) Quantification, (c) Statistical Analysis, (d) Reification, and (e) Objectification.
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Hughes illustrates the challenges faced by women in science by describing her personal experience as a woman and a feminist in science. The concepts addressed are hierarchies of knowledge, science in a social context, the nature-nurture... more
Hughes illustrates the challenges faced by women in science by describing her personal experience as a woman and a feminist in science. The concepts addressed are hierarchies of knowledge, science in a social context, the nature-nurture debate, the politics of knowledge, and the value of human lives.
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The syllabus for a course on women and the natural sciences is presented. The content of the course is organized around four topic areas: women scientists and their impact on science, the experiences of women in science, women scientists... more
The syllabus for a course on women and the natural sciences is presented. The content of the course is organized around four topic areas: women scientists and their impact on science, the experiences of women in science, women scientists and their impact on society, and biological theories about women and gender.
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The Nordic Model Information Network is a global alliance of researchers with deep and systematic expertise in researching the dynamics of prostitution and the sex industry, trafficking and violence against women. We write in response to... more
The Nordic Model Information Network is a global alliance of researchers with deep and systematic expertise in researching the dynamics of prostitution and the sex industry, trafficking and violence against women. We write in response to the consultation on the Prostitution Law Reform (Scotland) Bill, and we argue for the adoption of the Nordic Model. We do this in accord with the 2014 Resolution 1983 of the Council of Europe
Parliamentary Assembly “Prostitution, trafficking and modern slavery in Europe”, and the (Honeyball) Resolution of the European Parliament, “Sexual exploitation and prostitution
and its impact of gender equality”, both of which recommended by overwhelming majorities the approach of addressing demand as best legislative practice throughout the European Union.
Parliamentary Assembly “Prostitution, trafficking and modern slavery in Europe”, and the (Honeyball) Resolution of the European Parliament, “Sexual exploitation and prostitution
and its impact of gender equality”, both of which recommended by overwhelming majorities the approach of addressing demand as best legislative practice throughout the European Union.
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"We—the undersigned—are women who work in different capacities to end violence against women and to protect and advance women’s rights to equality. Prostitution is a practice in which women’s subordination to men is inherent and lived out... more
"We—the undersigned—are women who work in different capacities to end violence against women and to protect and advance women’s rights to equality. Prostitution is a practice in which women’s subordination to men is inherent and lived out repeatedly. Consequently, we are writing to you today to urge you to support the “Nordic approach” to legislation on prostitution for Canada, because it includes legislation, intensive social supports, and public education strategies, all designed to reduce and
eliminate prostitution."
eliminate prostitution."
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"A group of academics has written an open letter supporting the Nordic Model of prostitution, which criminalises the client instead of the prostitute, ahead of a vote at the European Parliament regarding the law. We do this on the... more
"A group of academics has written an open letter supporting the Nordic Model of prostitution, which criminalises the client instead of the prostitute, ahead of a vote at the European Parliament regarding the law.
We do this on the basis of deep and systematic expertise in researching the dynamics of prostitution and the sex industry, trafficking and violence against women. Our research draws on contemporary evidence, on historical and philosophical inquiry, and importantly on the testimony of survivors of the prostitution system. Many of us have worked directly with prostituted women. We have individual and collective links with a wide variety of organisations working for the abolition of prostitution as an institution of gender inequality and exploitation."
We do this on the basis of deep and systematic expertise in researching the dynamics of prostitution and the sex industry, trafficking and violence against women. Our research draws on contemporary evidence, on historical and philosophical inquiry, and importantly on the testimony of survivors of the prostitution system. Many of us have worked directly with prostituted women. We have individual and collective links with a wide variety of organisations working for the abolition of prostitution as an institution of gender inequality and exploitation."
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We write to urge your early attention to implementing the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (“the TVPRA”). This law represents a historic Congressional response to the slavery issue of our time.
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The 2006 Trafficking in Persons Report is a high quality, well researched, document. Each year the TIP Report has been published, the data gathering on global trafficking has become more sophisticated. The Office to Monitor and Combat... more
The 2006 Trafficking in Persons Report is a high quality, well researched, document. Each year the TIP Report has been published, the data gathering on global trafficking has become more sophisticated. The Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons headed by Ambassador John Miller is a world leader in the global fight against human trafficking.
Still, we are profoundly troubled by the placements of several countries in the 2006 Trafficking in Persons Report tier rankings.
Still, we are profoundly troubled by the placements of several countries in the 2006 Trafficking in Persons Report tier rankings.
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We are writing to express our profound concern over the prospect that the Czech Republic may be planning to legalize prostitution. We believe that such action would be a terrible mistake for the country as a whole and, in particular,... more
We are writing to express our profound concern over the prospect that the
Czech Republic may be planning to legalize prostitution. We believe that such
action would be a terrible mistake for the country as a whole and, in particular,
for the women and children of the Eastern Europe region who will be victims
of the Czech sex trade.
Czech Republic may be planning to legalize prostitution. We believe that such
action would be a terrible mistake for the country as a whole and, in particular,
for the women and children of the Eastern Europe region who will be victims
of the Czech sex trade.
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We write seeking your help in the fight against a great evil ― an evil analogous in the depth and breadth of its destruction and misery to Apartheid, Communism, and the African Slave Trade of centuries past. This great evil is no... more
We write seeking your help in the fight against a great evil ― an evil analogous in the depth
and breadth of its destruction and misery to Apartheid, Communism, and the African Slave Trade of
centuries past. This great evil is no respecter of the innate, God-given dignity of humanity. It holds the
ideals of universal human rights, the rule of law, civil society, and democracy in contempt. Its only
loves are greed, power, perversion of pleasure, and death. For all those among the innocent, the weak,
and the vulnerable, it is the great equal opportunity exploiter.
and breadth of its destruction and misery to Apartheid, Communism, and the African Slave Trade of
centuries past. This great evil is no respecter of the innate, God-given dignity of humanity. It holds the
ideals of universal human rights, the rule of law, civil society, and democracy in contempt. Its only
loves are greed, power, perversion of pleasure, and death. For all those among the innocent, the weak,
and the vulnerable, it is the great equal opportunity exploiter.
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President Putin, halting the trade of women and children for the sex industry is a big challenge, but one that must be met to protect Russian women and children. Women and children everywhere are entitled to basic human rights, which... more
President Putin, halting the trade of women and children for the sex industry is a big challenge, but one that must be met to protect Russian women and children. Women and children everywhere are entitled to basic human rights, which includes living their lives with dignity. Abolition of sex trafficking is the only goal consistent with universal human rights standards.
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"We would like to congratulate you for your leadership in Operations Avalanche, “Candyman,” Artus, and other child pornography prosecutions. Your success with these operations is impressive. We urge you to continue this wonderful progress... more
"We would like to congratulate you for your leadership in Operations Avalanche, “Candyman,” Artus, and other child pornography prosecutions. Your success with these operations is impressive. We urge you to continue this wonderful progress against sexual exploitation by implementing a policy of vigorous obscenity prosecution.
We, the undersigned individuals and organizations, are united against the violence and exploitation caused by the multi-billion dollar sex industry. Each day in our work, we encounter victims of pornography, trafficking, and prostitution."
We, the undersigned individuals and organizations, are united against the violence and exploitation caused by the multi-billion dollar sex industry. Each day in our work, we encounter victims of pornography, trafficking, and prostitution."
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Until last November, the state of Rhode Island had the dubious distinction of not having laws against prostitution or forced labor trafficking. As a result, the state has never prosecuted a human trafficking case, nor has there ever been... more
Until last November, the state of Rhode Island had the dubious distinction of not having laws against prostitution or forced labor trafficking. As a result, the state has never prosecuted a human trafficking case, nor has there ever been a federal prosecution of a sex trafficking case in Rhode Island.
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Donna M. Hughes, professor of women's studies, was invited to the White House just before Christmas to witness the signing of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008. She met with President... more
Donna M. Hughes, professor of women's studies, was invited to the White House just before Christmas to witness the signing of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008.
She met with President George W. Bush and a handful of cabinet members and congressional leaders in the Oval Office. Hughes, a leading international researcher on trafficking of women and children, contributed to the passage of the act as well as the three bills that preceded it.
"With each act we have advanced the anti-human trafficking movement in the U.S. and around the world," says the respected researcher and advocate.
Trafficking has an astounding number of victims. Citing data provided by the United Nations, Hughes says about 4 million people are trafficked annually either in their countries or across international borders.
The URI professor adds that of the approximately 15,000 foreign victims trafficked into the U.S. each year, about 70 percent of them are women and children from East Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Africa.
Hughes says the numbers don't represent the full scope of the problem because many victims are often fearful or unable to come forward.
To learn more about Hughes' vital work on this bill go to uri.edu/news/releases/index.php?id=4714.
She met with President George W. Bush and a handful of cabinet members and congressional leaders in the Oval Office. Hughes, a leading international researcher on trafficking of women and children, contributed to the passage of the act as well as the three bills that preceded it.
"With each act we have advanced the anti-human trafficking movement in the U.S. and around the world," says the respected researcher and advocate.
Trafficking has an astounding number of victims. Citing data provided by the United Nations, Hughes says about 4 million people are trafficked annually either in their countries or across international borders.
The URI professor adds that of the approximately 15,000 foreign victims trafficked into the U.S. each year, about 70 percent of them are women and children from East Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Africa.
Hughes says the numbers don't represent the full scope of the problem because many victims are often fearful or unable to come forward.
To learn more about Hughes' vital work on this bill go to uri.edu/news/releases/index.php?id=4714.
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University of Rhode Island professor of women's studies Donna Hughes
recently met with former President George W. Bush in the Oval Office as he signed new
legislation regarding sex trafficking into law in one of his final acts.
recently met with former President George W. Bush in the Oval Office as he signed new
legislation regarding sex trafficking into law in one of his final acts.
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This study was conducted by the Coalition Against Trafficking Women to examine trends in the trafficking both international and domestic women in the United States. The study developed a research framework to track the experiences of... more
This study was conducted by the Coalition Against Trafficking Women to examine trends in the trafficking both international and domestic women in the United States. The study developed a research framework to track the experiences of trafficked women from their background, recruitment and entrance into trafficking, experiences in the industry, ways in which they were controlled, how they coped with their experience, and the consequences of trafficking from multiple perspectives.
Research Interests: Sociology and Psychology
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New communications and information technologies have created a global revolution in communications, access to information, and media delivery. These new communications and information technologies are facilitating the sexual exploitation... more
New communications and information technologies have created a global revolution in communications, access to information, and media delivery. These new communications and information technologies are facilitating the sexual exploitation of women and girls locally, nationally and transnationally. The sexual exploitation of women and children is a global human rights crisis that is being escalated by the use of new technologies. Using new technologies, sexual predators and pimps stalk women and children. New technical innovations facilitate the sexual exploitation of women and children because they enable people to easily buy, sell and exchange millions of images and videos of sexual exploitation of women and children. These technologies enable sexual predators to harm or exploit women and children efficiently and, anonymously. The affordability and access to global communications technologies allow users to carry out these activities in the privacy of their home. The increase of typ...
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Research Interests: Criminology, Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Sexual Violence, Human Trafficking, and 10 moreViolence Against Women, Rule of Law, History of Prostitution, Prostitution & Trafficking, Women and Gender Studies, The Politics of Prostitution, Sex Trafficking, Decriminalization of Prostitution, Rhode Island, and Trafficking In Human Beings
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Over the past two decades, the tremendous growth and expansion of feminist scholarship in the humanities and the social sciences has prompted Catharine Stimpson to say that "[w]omen's studies has produced a body of thought so... more
Over the past two decades, the tremendous growth and expansion of feminist scholarship in the humanities and the social sciences has prompted Catharine Stimpson to say that "[w]omen's studies has produced a body of thought so big, complex and vital that people who ignore it should be sued for intellectual and academic malpractice."' This growth of women's studies, from a few courses in the late 1 960s to over five hundred programs today, has occurred almost exclusively in the humanities and the social sciences.2 But what of the sciences and engineering? What impact has a feminist analysis had on them? Following the emergence of the second wave of the women's movement, and accompanied by the women's health movement, feminist analyses of science and technology began appearing in the midto late1970s and steadily appeared until the mid-1980s.3 In the past five years, the publication of books on the history of women in science and invention, women in science...
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Research Interests: Criminology, Research Methodology, Behavior, Migration, Information Communication Technology, and 15 moreDeveloping Countries, Population Dynamics, The Internet, Russia, Information, Computers, Interviews, Population, Trafficking, Data Collection, former Soviet Union, Brides, Ukaine, Marriage Agencies, and Internet
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Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence is an open access, peer-reviewed, international, interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing original scholarly articles on topics related to sexual exploitation, violence, and... more
Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence is an open access, peer-reviewed, international, interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing original scholarly articles on topics related to sexual exploitation, violence, and slavery. The journal is a forum for research, discussion, and analysis on how these forms of violence harm the dignity and health of individuals, the integrity and security of communities, and the strength and character of nations. The journal is an arena for practitioners, advocates and service providers to report on interventions, movements and progress on healing individuals, rehabilitating communities and transforming states into actors where justice serves all people, regardless of sex, gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, nationality, class, caste or religion. The journal encourages investigations and discussion of challenges to dignity and justice such as corruption, lack of rule of law, harmful cultural practices, and laws and policies that justify and institutionalize inequality, violence and exploitation. The journal is a forum to examine how individuals, civil societies and states have responded to improve human and civil rights. Dignity aims to contribute to the evidence-based knowledge and theoretical development of these topics to give people the tools to end sexual exploitation, violence, and slavery.
Research Interests: Criminology, Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Social Work, Women's Studies, and 22 moreSociology of Violence, Domestic Violence, Violence, Sexual and Reproductive Health, Child protection, Human Rights, Digital Media, Race and Racism, International Criminal Law, Child Development, Women's Rights, Sexual Violence, Gender and Sexuality, Slavery, Race and Ethnicity, Victimology, Abolition of Slavery, Violence Against Women, Slave Trade, Prostitution & Trafficking, Child Sexual Abuse, and Trafficking in Persons
Research Interests: Cultural Studies and Law
Page 1. Evolution, 42(6), 1988, pp. 1309-1320 ANALYSIS OF THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF LIFE HISTORY OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER USING RECOMBINANT EXTRACTED LINES DONNA M. HUGHES AND ANDREW ...
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Present an analysis of seven state and federal cases of human trafficking, including forced labor and sex trafficking, in Rhode Island from 2009 until 2013. In 2009, Rhode Island passed a comprehensive human trafficking law. Since then... more
Present an analysis of seven state and federal cases of human trafficking, including forced labor and sex trafficking, in Rhode Island from 2009 until 2013. In 2009, Rhode Island passed a comprehensive human trafficking law. Since then there have been six cases of sex trafficking and one case of forced labor. Sources for information for this analysis of human trafficking cases included: police reports, witness statements, court documents and print and TV media reports. This presentation will briefly summarize the cases and discuss the similarities and differences among the cases and discuss of some key findings from these cases, which include:
1. Victims were brought to Rhode Island because of an actual or perceived environment of tolerance of prostitution
2. Mothers of victims were involved in finding their daughters and making police reports that initiated investigations
3. Victims were identified and reported to police by educated professionals and aware citizens
4. Victims of sex trafficking were often runaway or missing teens
5. Traffickers used online prostitution sites to advertise victims of sex trafficking
6. Sex traffickers often had a previous criminal record.
7. Judges showed different attitudes about the credibility of a domestic worker victim of forced labor resulting in different trial outcomes.
1. Victims were brought to Rhode Island because of an actual or perceived environment of tolerance of prostitution
2. Mothers of victims were involved in finding their daughters and making police reports that initiated investigations
3. Victims were identified and reported to police by educated professionals and aware citizens
4. Victims of sex trafficking were often runaway or missing teens
5. Traffickers used online prostitution sites to advertise victims of sex trafficking
6. Sex traffickers often had a previous criminal record.
7. Judges showed different attitudes about the credibility of a domestic worker victim of forced labor resulting in different trial outcomes.