This chapter outlines the doctoral dissertation performed at the University of Washington and the Universite de Paris 8, 2008. Extract: This is not to say that either of these terms – Modernity and the Postcolonial – have remained free from controversy. Modernity itself, far from being an homogeneous identity, is split up into past processes, a state of present being, and an avant-garde vision that raises the banner against all sorts of established norms. These three aspects of the Modern are defined as Modernization, the process by which one becomes Modern – characterized by advances in technology, structures of capital flows and the simultaneous fragmentation and consolidation of global geographies; Modernity which is at least in part self-reflexive positioning of oneself and one’s own historical moment vis-à-vis the past; and finally Modernism, a reaction to Modernity that attempts to provide solutions for what are perceived as Modernity’s ills and excesses. These three levels of the Modern are thus intimately related to each other, are in opposition to each other in some measure, but also at the same time refer back to each other as composants of the triumvirate of the phenomenon that we call the Modern. If we accept these definitions of the Modern, then, far from being an homogeneous concept, the Modern lends itself to an investigation of its components. This investigation complicates notions of the Modern as being historically, temporally and geographically localised in 18th – 20th century Europe or a phenomenon unique to Western cultures. Going one step further, it is even true that Modernity and Postcoloniality can occupy the same space, creating new patterns of image and text that problematize neat categorisation of form and intent (Figure 1.1). Hybrid form that emerges from this conflation occupies a theoretical position all of its own, embracing such diverse topics as identity, geography, genre, migration, nationalism and built form.

5 progress reports were submitted during the 12-month field research period of my Fulbright student research scholarship. Research permission was granted by RISTEK, the Indonesian Institute of Higher Education, Research, and Technology. The final report of a Fulbright funded community-engagement project, of 2 arts performances (Gambuh & Topeng theater) in Batuan, Bali is also included in this document. This Fulbright award, funded by the U.S. Department of State and administered by AMINEF (American-Indonesian Exchange Foundation) involved a formal collaboration between Monali Varaiya and the host institution, IKIP Saraswati in Bali. The progress reports discuss Balinese dance, religion, and cultural aspects related to the writer's study and research of masked dance, music, and personal transformation, by immersion in ceremonies, cultural life, and Sanskrit and Old Javanese literature study. They are not fully polished but are raw field notes from a snapshot in time from June 2019 - September 2020, thus also covering the first 6 months of the COVID epidemic.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on organizational development, development administration, diplomatic relations, clinical child psychology, philosophy and education, legal studies and literary analysis. In Organizational Development, Oluka analyzes the prepotency of needs and reward valence of employees in the Uganda’s Ministry of Local Governments. He advises the government to set up policies and guidelines to identify and meet the needs of employees; find ways of rewarding employees by enhancing their salaries, allowances and other motivational strategies. Looking at the effect of the Reward Management System (RMS) and Cost of Living (COL) on the Performance of academic staff in the selected private universities in Uganda, Emuron advises management of private universities to always adopt reward policies that are responsive to changes in their workers’ cost of living. Abubakar highlights some of the major challenges of managing newspaper organizations in Nigeria and concludes that Journalism training has to be reoriented to accommodate more training in economics, the arts and the economy in general. In the Second Part which is devoted to Development Administration, Assair and Oketch examine the relationship between youth empowerment and reduction of unemployment in Gardo, Puntland, Somalia. They suggest that the State should join hands with non-governmental organizations to put in place programs that target the youth. Wandiba also examines the level service delivery in the divisions of Kampala District, Uganda and recommends that leaders of divisions of Kampala district should close the gaps between the high to very high scores of service delivery by monitoring the teachers, local council workers, and health workers that provide the services and a two way research tool of those who get the services and those that provide the services to be used for representative responses. Sota, finally, examine the role of local authority leaders in traffic accident prevention in rural areas of Northeastern Thailand and suggests that it is very important to have capacity building for traffic accident prevention in local authority leaders in rural areas for increasing concern and good behavior for traffic accident prevention and create activities in the communities for decreasing number of traffic accident. In part three, Majok and Oketch report their findings on the effect of Security Threats on Diplomatic Relations between South Sudan and Sudan and recommend that sustainable security promotion between South Sudan and Sudan should be a comprehensive and coherent approach against security threats to diplomacy which should be implemented by both countries. Ikegbu also examines China’s development aid assistance to Africa and concludes that although China provides aid to Africa simply because China wants resources, China’s contribution towards the achievement of development in Africa is quite significant and cannot be undermined. In the Section on Clinical Child Psychology, Imbuki establishes that most of the children with Hearing Impairment came from Low social economic status Societies and that an Hearing Impaired child was at a higher risk of HIV infection due to poor communication skills, abuse from the hearing communities and little information about HIV. Based on these findings, he suggests that there is need to use a different language of communication for the children with Hearing Impairment about HIV. Nafiu and Okello also examine how maternal age at first birth, maternal age, previous birth interval, maternal education, maternal occupation, paternal occupation, latrine use and source of drinking water affect under-five mortality prevalence in Abim District, Uganda. They recommend that campaign against early marriage and teenage pregnancy be explicitly done, mothers be encouraged to exclusively breastfeed for at least 2 years, mothers be sensitized about the advantages of family planning, personal hygiene and good sanitation be continuously practiced if under-five mortality in the Abim District is to be controlled. Under Philosophy and Education, Adeleye examines naturalism and its tenets on education. He discusses positions of prominent the exponents of this school of thought in order to bring out its implications for education. Ogunlade and Ariko establish that there is no significant relationship between age difference and management of students’ discipline and that students’ average level of perception are significantly different from teachers’ perception on the use of ICT in relation to the management of students’ discipline. They, therefore, recommend that tutors should combine their knowledge of education and training with their experience as parents in applying rules and regulations towards management of discipline among students. Sapele and Ekereke finally discuss the contributions of education to politics as medium for grass root participation. They conclude that for effective participation in politics especially the grass root, education has to be given its rightful place as proper funding from federal, state and local governments should be made a priority to make the sector produce the desired results which will stimulate political participation. In Legal Studies, Sanni explores the meaning of the right to health and emphasizes its relationship with medical liability which lead to cause of action in negligence or criminal liability. Looking at the issue of court’s jurisdiction as a threshold issue, Ariyoosu recommends transferring cases to the appropriate court rather than striking out for want of jurisdiction for the proper and effective administration of justice. Relying on observation derived from documentary sources such as case laws, charters, treatise, journals, books and field observation, Tarabinah establishes that the Alien Torts Claims Act provides compensatory and punitive awards for damages against violations of international law and that a non U.S. resident can successful assert a claim against a tort feasor under the Alien Torts Claims Act in a U.S. Court. He suggests that foreign government of the home state of transnational corporations should ensure that people whose fundamental human rights are violated by the operations of oil transnational corporations domiciled in their territory should have unhindered access to effective remedy through the legal system. Ariyoosu and Ayinla also discusse the imperative of the relevance of Mini-Trial and other ADR processes that are yet to be explored in Nigeria but which arefunctional, in viewof the yawningtowards ensuring a practical application of ADR in the Nigerian telecommunications industry. Through Literary Analysis, Udi explores how Africans struggled against the colonization in Kenya and how the people of Niger Delta in Nigeria currently respond to economic and political woes of the colonialism imported into the Postcolonial era. Oboli also examines the attempts of African novelists to explicate the effect of the absence of mothers in a family and especially in the lives of children. Finally, Alonge and Akinyede reveal that explicit phonics instructional strategy has an effect on pupil’s literacy skills. They therefore, recommend that effective use of explicit phonics instructional strategy should be adopted in teaching and learning of literacy skills. On the whole, articles in this maiden edition of KIU Journal of Humanities are both strongly theoretical and applied. They provide solutions to some of the problems confronting communities, societies, economies, and the environment. The authors’ teachings and areas of research must certainly influence their perspectives on the diagnoses of the matters they have addressed. The methodologies used in the articles are useful to academics and policy makers.

This is the third in a series of four sessions taking place throughout the conference that addresses international topics in art history. Organized to commemorate five years of the CAA­Getty International Program, each session will include five alumni scholars from around the world, joined by a distinguished scholar from the United States. Details of topics and participants will be included in the online program. All sessions are open to conference attendees. Conversation III: The Trouble with (The Term) Art