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The study was conducted to answer the following questions: • What are the methods and languages used in teaching by the contractual teachers? • When is Filipino, Ilocano, and English used in teaching? • What are the effects of methods and languages used by the contractual teachers to the learners? The respondents were 29 contractual teachers and 400 students of Isabela State University-Roxas Campus. Descriptive survey method, audio-recording, and a questionnaire checklist were used. Based from the result of the study, the method always used was the panels while the methods often used were: The languages used in teaching were: English, Filipino, Ilocano and code-switching from Filipino-English. The Filipino language was often used in providing standards, and giving opinion or approval. English language was often used in discussing the lessons, interpreting, and in giving preliminary activities in class. Ilocano language was often used in deepening the discussion. Code-switching from ...
Martin, Isabel Pefianco. 2006. Language in Philippine Classrooms: Enfeebling or Enabling? Asian Englishes Journal. 9 (2), 48-66.
Language in Philippine Classrooms: Enfeebling or Enabling? (2006)"This research project investigates linguistic conventions of oral interaction in Science courses in selected Philippine tertiary-level institutions. In particular, the project seeks to study the practice of code switching among Filipino tertiary-level teachers and students. Courses in Science are expected to be delivered in English. However, there is widespread perception that Filipino teachers and students freely code-switch. Many school administrators view this codeswitching practice as undesirable because they believe it is detrimental to the development of English language proficiency among the students. Thus, they respond to this perceived deficiency by imposing a strict English-only policy in their schools. This analysis of code switching in Science courses in selected Philippine tertiary-level institutions hopes to determine if the practice is beneficial or detrimental to Science education."
JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan)
The Use of Classroom Languages in Teaching EnglishThe introduction of English from the beginning is based on a pedagogical concept that the earlier a person is introduced to the target language, the faster and better the child's mastery and acquisition of the language being learned. But unfortunately, the policy of teaching English as a local content subject has not been accompanied by maximum effort from the school. Both in the form of knowledge and teaching skills as well as teacher education qualifications. This condition certainly affects the quality of learning carried out. This study is aimed to describe the use of classroom languages in teaching English used by English teacher in MI Al-Amin Pejeruk, Mataram city. In this research, the writers use descriptive qualitative method. The techniques of data collection in this study are observation, interview, and documentation. The writers use data reduction, data display and data conclusion to analyze the data. The finding shows that the use of classroom languages became one o...
English Education Journal
THE LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS USED BY TEACHERS OF CONTENT SUBJECTS USING ENGLISH AS THE MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION (The Case of Mathematics and Science Teachers in Semesta Bilingual Senior High School)2013 •
Pesantren or Islamic boarding schools are the foundation of the indigenous education system of Indonesia. They have roots in a long-standing Hindu-Islamic tradition prioritizing the use of two foreign languages, Arabic and English, besides Indonesian and local languages, both as the medium of instruction in teaching/learning and in daily communication. Thus, this study aims to determine; 1) the approach of multilingual teaching and learning used by language teachers at pesantren; and 2) the implementation of a multilingual teaching approach at pesantren. From a larger study applying multi-method design, this article uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects were a group of 15 language teachers, including 6 English teachers and 9 Arabic teachers at Pesantren IMMIM, Pondok Madinah, and Pesantren Darul Arqam Muhammadiyah Gombara in Makassar who were purposively selected to participate in this study. The instruments used to collect data for the study included observation, interview, and documentation of the language teaching process inside or outside the classroom at the pesantrens. The data were analyzed descriptively through a three-stage model, namely data display, data reduction and data verification/presentation. The researcher showed that; 1) the teachers were not conscious of the approach that they used in multilingual teaching at pesantrens, but the findings of observation show a combination of approaches were used including immersion, transitional approach, dual language, and pullout; 2) The implementation of multilingual teaching at pesantrens consisted of four main specific teaching strategies, namely teacher-student communication, student-student relationships, daily routines, and language-group time activities.
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha
The Purpose of the Use Classroom Language2022 •
Currently, there are still many who cannot use English. The results of previous studies also stated that the cause of students not being able to speak English was because students thought learning English was complicated. English in everyday life is still rare, so students have difficulty understanding English. This study aimed to analyze the classroom language used by the English teacher and to analyze the purpose of using the classroom language during the learning process. This study uses a case study using descriptive qualitative research. The object of this research is 1 English teacher. Data were collected by observation and interviews. The technique used to analyze the data is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that first, the English teacher uses language based on the situations encountered during class. Second, the teacher chooses the class language based on the teacher's goals from the students during the learning proce...
2015 •
Education Quarterly Reviews
Influences on Teachers’ Use of the Prescribed Language of Instruction: Evidence from Four Language Groups in the Philippines2022 •
In 2009 the Philippines introduced a mother tongue-based multilingual education language policy requiring the “mother tongue” as the language of instruction (LOI) in kindergarten through grade 3. Using teacher classroom language data collected from four LOI groups in 2019, we compared the frequency of teachers’ use of the target LOI in different contexts, including urban versus rural classrooms, classrooms with relatively homogeneous student language backgrounds versus more heterogeneous classrooms, and classrooms with materials in the target language versus classrooms without. We also examined language usage against characteristics of the teacher populations, including language background, years of experience, training, and beliefs about the best language for initial literacy. The results strongly suggest that the most influential levers for increasing teacher usage of a designated LOI in these contexts are ensuring that teachers are assigned to schools where the LOI matches their ...
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
Attitudes Towards Philippine English: The Case of ESL Teachers in Selected Provinces in Central Luzon, PhilippinesLanguage attitudes refer to individuals' views, judgments, and emotions regarding a language or linguistic variety. These attitudes are shaped by various factors such as cultural, social, historical, and political contexts. In the case of Philippine English, attitudes regarding this linguistic variant have shifted, reflecting evolving views and ideals within Philippine culture. Thus, the study aimed to provide insights into the social, cultural, and linguistic factors that shape attitudes towards Philippine English and contribute to a better understanding of language attitudes in multilingual societies. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in the study, specifically the concurrent triangulation or convergent parallel design. The researchers used convenience sampling to identify 40 ESL teachers in selected provinces in Central Luzon, Philippines. The research instrument that the proponents utilized for this study is the survey questionnaire, and the data were a...
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Glossary of terms related to pharmaceutics (IUPAC Recommendations 2009)2009 •
This Glossary of Terms in Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drug-making process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general, and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be use...
PanAfrican journal of governance and development
Corporate Governance by South African State-Owned Entities (SOEs) – Contributing to Achieving Agenda 20632022 •
Jurnal Teknologi
Fracture Modeling in Oil and Gas Reservoirs Using Image Logs Data and Petrel Software2015 •
TRT World Research Centre
A Balancing Act or a Game Changer? The SU-30SM and the Nagorno-Karabakh ConflictBeytülhikme Felsefe Dergisi An International Journal of Philosophy
Platon Homeros'u Neden Sevmezdi?2020 •
2016 •
Frontiers in Public Health
Trajectories in Body Height, Body Weight, BMI, and Nutrition Status From 1979 to 1987: A Measurement-Based Analysis of 15,717 Male Adolescents From the Capital City of Montenegro2020 •
arXiv (Cornell University)
Application of Top-hat Transformation for Enhanced Blood Vessel Extraction2022 •
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Anesthesiology Reanimation
Rejyonel Anestezi/Periferik Sinir Bloğu ile Genel Anestezinin Preoperatif Anksiyeteye Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması2016 •
2023 •
Iraqi journal of science
Single Stage Shrinkage Estimation Methods for Reliability Function of Generalized Exponential Distribution Using Simulation2024 •
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
Reversible flocculation of nanoparticles by a carbamate surfactant2019 •
Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia
Aplicação da Distribuição Nakagami na Análise de Dados de PrecipitaçãoICES Journal of Marine Science
Managing marine socio-ecological systems: picturing the future2017 •