‘My God, my God, why have you abandoned me?’ the experience of god’s withdrawal in late antique exegesis, christology and ascetic literature

This thesis discusses the history of Jerusalem from 1912 to 1920, with a particular focus on the period of the First World War and the British military administration of the city up to July 1920. It examines the dynamics of the transition from Ottoman to British rule and compares the two administrative structures, as well as changes which affected the foreign population of the city and its religious communities. This thesis is organised in six chapters and evolves around three main themes. The first theme discussed in Chapter One addresses the complex issue of periodisation. The re-interpretation of the transitional period from Ottoman to British rule is discussed through the historiographical approach known as microhistory, in order to highlight the methodological underpinnings of this study. The second theme considers these two periods from the perspective of continuity and change. As far as change is concerned, this thesis underlines the changes which affected the political spher...

The mobile power station design accommodates outlets with different voltages-220 volts AC, 12 volts DC, and 5 volts DC, suitable for both indoor and outdoor environments as an alternative source of power. The components used by the researcher to construct the Mobile Charging Station include a 100W Solar Panel and thermoelectric harvesting system. The solar charge controller has a Rated voltage of 12V. The Sealed Lead Acid Battery is specified at 12V 100AH, while the DC Watt-meter covers a range of 0-60V for voltage and 0-100A for current. The results indicate that the fully charged battery, without the solar panel but with some connected load, lasts for 10 hours. However, with increased load, the duration decreases, lasting for 8 hours and 6 hours respectively when the battery is at 100% state of charge without the solar panel. The researchers concluded that higher load conditions result in increased energy consumption from the battery.

Research on the history of Early Medieval metal money has been conducted at the Institute of Archeology and Ethnology almost from its beginning. The main center of this research was the Department of Numismatics in Cracow, leaded by the orientalist, prof. Tadeusz Lewicki. As a result, a series of monographs of hoards focusing exclusively or mainly of Arabic dirhams were published (Czapkiewicz et al. 1957; Czapkiewicz et al. 1964; Kmietowicz et al. 1969; Dekówna et al. 1974). Of course, the idea of cataloging and studying such finds was not new. Joachim Lelewel, a pioneer in this kind of research in Poland, published a 11th century hoard found in Trzebuń near Płock (Lelewel 1826). Next came Kazimierz Stronczyński, who described the whole, then known set of early medieval hoards (Stronczyński 1847; 1883). In his footsteps went Marian Gumowski in the first half of the 20th century (Gumowski 1905; 1953). The new stage of recording and studying the coin and hoard finds from Poland came after the war. The pioneers of this research were Jacek Slaski (1953), Stanisław Tabaczyński (1958) and Ryszard and Teresa Kiersnowscy (Kiersnowski 1960). The entire material was divided into 4 volumes covering Wielkopolska; Pomerania; Mazovia and Central Poland; and Małopolska, Silesia and Masuria (PSW I-IV). These inventories included not only coins, but also other hoard components – silver ornaments and bars, silver scrap, glass beads and many more. Attention was also paid to the forms of protection (pots and other containers) as well as the way of depositing and the archaeological context. Contrary to the title, not only hoards but also the single or loose coin finds have been cataloged. Cartographic elaboration of the entire material collected in the PSW (with the additions up to 1973) was published as Skarby wczesnośredniowieczne z obszaru Polski. Atlas (L. Gajewski et al. 1982). After more than 30 years, the old inventories were partly outdated and required extensive modernization. In 1996, the IAE PAS signed an agreement with the German Numismatic Commission concerning the joint preparation of inventories of the early medieval coin finds from Polish lands. The most important was the help of Dr. Peter Ilisch of Münster, the eminent expert on the most numerous German coins found in our finds. In 2000, a two-year grant from the Scientific Research Committee was awarded. As result a typescript was prepared in German, for financial reasons without Silesia and Małopolska. Stanisław Suchodolski supervised the work, and the authors were researchers of the younger generation (por. Suchodolski 2000; 2006; Ilisch 2000). As a result of separate grants, inventories of finds from Małopolska and Silesia were prepared. Silesian volume was published with extensive comments (Butent-Stefaniak, Malarczyk 2009). Bożena Reyman's inventory of Małopolska finds remained in typewriting. All these accomplishments have facilitated the completion of the third stage of finishing and publication of a new inventories. The next stage started in 2011, when a grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education was awarded to publish the entire inventories in German. This task was undertaken by Mateusz Bogucki, who is supervising all works and became the main editor of this publication. He is supported by Peter Ilisch and Stanisław Suchodolski. An important factor that made the reedition of the inventories necessary has been and continues to be a steady advance in coinage research since then and a huge increase in the number of finds over the last 20 years, primarily due to numerous construction investments, an increase in archaeological activity and with the widespread use of metal detectors. In 1973 there were 468 hoards and 198 single coin finds recorded (Gajewski et al. 1982). Today we know of at least 1,151 finds, including 664 hoards and 489 single and grave finds. The purpose of the new project is to publish all known early medieval hoards and coins finds (6th-middle of the 12th century), made within the current borders of Poland by 2013. Inventories of 1959-1964 and Inventories created by the 2000-2003 grant became the basis for the new edition. It should be emphasized that the Frühmittelalterliche Münzfunde aus Polen (FMP) series is a rewriting based on PSW inventories from 1959-1966. For this reason, former authors have been included as contributors to the current edition. The FMP series fills the gap between the already existing (or just finished) inventories of ancient coin finds on the one hand (Ciołek 2001, 2007; 2008, Romanowski 2008) and late medieval coins on the other (Kubiak, Paszkiewicz 1998). The basic change over previous inventories was the assumption that each item (coin, ornaments, bars, others) should have a unique number, so that the inventory could serve as a reference corpus. The concept was taken from the Swedish CNS series. The material collected in all five volumes counts for a total of 1,151 finds. The largest increase was recorded in single or cumulative coins. In 1973 there were 198 grave and single finds (Gajewski et al. 1982), while 489 are recorded now. In 2006, Jakub Łyszkowski noticed 462 single coins, now there are at least 2 871 coins recorded. In the new material, a new type of loose finds, so-called cumulative finds, has emerged - when many single coins were discovered in a single archaeological site. In this category, well-known political and settlement centers such as Kraków, Tum near Łęczyca, Giecz, Ostrów Lednicki, Kalisz, Kruszwica, Wolin and finally Janów Pomorski (Truso) with over a thousand coins come to the fore. But in smaller sites, more and more sets of single coins are discovered. In this context, it is worth mentioning the discoveries in Bytom Odrzański, Ryczyn, Niemcza, Lądek, Grudusk, Radom, Zgłowiączka, Wawrzeńczyce, Kołobrzeg-Budzistowo, Kałdus and Pawłówek. The benefits of updating the data on previously known hoards and collecting information about new ones are of course uncertain. It seems, however, that the greatest changes in our perception of the early medieval Poland economy is due the increase of single and grave finds. This is a phenomenon that in a completely new light places such issues as market exchange, monetization, their territorial and chronological dynamics, the role and function of coins in early medieval societies. Providing sources for the aforementioned research and many other problems was the primary goal of the FMP series. It is hoped that the authors will meet the expectations and that the studies of coinage, money circulation and early medieval economy will gain a new, much richer dimension.

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In the view of the international organization of standardization, the introduction of ISO standards is typical of quality management systems oriented towards strengthening the efficiency of enterprises. Business banks are not excluded from this requirement. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of ISO certification on the technical performance of WAEMU banks. Using BCEAO data (2020), the DEA model and Tobit estimates show that ISO certification has no effect on the efficiency scores of the banks in the sample. It is therefore appropriate for these banks to work on improving their business climate.

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EXPOSITIO IOHANNIS IUXTA HIERONYMUM (CLH 88 - Wendepunkte 32) in L. Castaldi (ed.) Te.Tra. 9. La trasmissione dei testi latini del Medioevo / Mediaeval Latin Texts and Their Transmission. Esegesi ibernica, Firenze, SISMEL. Edizioni del Galluzzo 2024, pp. 527-39.

The European Union is not just an international organization. It is a unique political and legal system based primarily on the fundamental principles of democracy and the rule of law. As such the European Union has a right of self-determination, namely that its own political mechanisms “freely determine its political status and freely pursue its economic, social and cultural development. While it is undisputable that Members of the European Union have the right of“national” self-determination within the European Union, the self-determination of the European Union, as such, is a concept still almost unknown in political and legal theory and practice. However, the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty on the unctioning of the European Union already provide enough elements for the identification and conceptualization of the selfdetermination of the European Union as understood in international law (and politics). Self-determination of the Member States and self-determination of the European Union can exist as separate and interconnected concepts that might provide an adequate legal and political framework for further development of the European Union, its identity, key values and ends of its internal and foreign policy. Recognition and conceptualization of the right of selfdetermination, not only in political and legal theory but also in the political practice of the European Union might be a further step in the development of the European Union, as “a new stage in the process of creation an ever-closer union among the peoples of Europe”. While the concept of self-determination of the European Union might be developed in the existing legal framework, namely in accordance with the founding treaties, it seems that it should have a proper place in its forthcoming revision. The recognition of the self-determination of the European Union certainly improves the very concept of the identity of the European Union and the perception of its role in international affairs.

A novel front-end noise power and SNR estimation technique based on one OFDM preamble is proposed and compared with previously published SNR estimators–none of which are front-end estimators. This paper is extended and expanded version of our previous work. It provides complete mathematics and discussion of designed algorithms for front end SNR estimation. The proposed technique is divided into two parts. In the first part, SNR estimation technique for AWGN channel and wireless multipath channels is ...

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have revolutionized image analysis, extracting meaningful features from raw pixel data for accurate predictions. This paper reviews CNN fundamentals, architectures, training methods, applications, challenges, and future directions. It introduces CNN basics, including convolutional and pooling layers, and discusses diverse architectures like LeNet, AlexNet, ResNet, and DenseNet. Training strategies such as data preprocessing, initialization, optimization, and regularization are explored for improved performance and stability. CNN applications span healthcare, agriculture, ecology, remote sensing, and security, enabling tasks like object detection, classification, and segmentation. However, challenges like interpretability, data bias, and adversarial attacks persist. Future research aims to enhance CNN robustness, scalability, and ethical deployment. In conclusion, CNNs drive transformative advancements in image analysis, with ongoing efforts to address challenges and shape the future of AI-enabled technologies.

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