Editors' Preface

Learning to Write Effectively: …, 2012

2005

Written Communication, 2013

Academia Oncology, 2024

Background: Age at menarche is an important risk factor for health and disease, including breast cancer. While emerging evidence indicates that prenatal exposures to certain chemicals in the environment result in increased risk of early age at menarche [EAM], much remains unknown. Because prenatal chemical exposures are an important public health concern, potentially modifiable, and offer opportunities for disease prevention, we conducted a scoping review to assess the associations and EAM. Objectives: This scoping review aims to explore human evidence from prospective epidemiology studies on the associations between prenatal chemical exposures and menarcheal timing. Methods: Searches conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS and Embase returned 149 papers. Based on established exclusion/inclusion criteria, we included twenty-two prospective studies in our analysis. We assessed several chemical categories, such as agricultural chemicals, metals, phthalates, phenols, biphenyls, per-polyfluoroalkyl [PFAS] substances, medications, and tobacco smoke in relation to EAM. Relevant information was then extracted from each study, tabulated, and synthesized. Results: Our scoping review found that prenatal exposures to atrazine, phytoestrogens, triclosan, 2,4-dichlorophenol, contraceptives, PFAS/PFOA, PCB chemicals, and tobacco smoke were associated with early menarche. These results are based on ancillary studies of parent prospective cohorts. Discussion: We found emerging evidence that certain chemicals to which girls were exposed to prenatally may have predisposed them to increased risk for EAM. There is a need for well-defined studies to investigate the links between exposure to chemicals and EAM.

Ministério Adventista, 2024

2024

Western sanctions, heavy losses in Ukraine, and short-sighted Kremlin policies have put serious strain on the Russian economy, even if Moscow has managed to weather the storm in some sectors. The Russian economy is grappling with significant structural issues, including dwindling economic reserves, labor shortages exacerbated by demographics, heavy war casualties, and mass emigration. High inflation and rampant corruption are also contributing to economic instability in Russia. Russia’s severe labor shortages, especially in sectors critical for the military, offer a strategic lever for Ukraine and the West. Heavy losses at the front could cause Moscow to consider mass mobilization, which will place further stress on the Russian labor market and probably would trigger another wave of emigration. More can be done to target Russia’s oil sector, as it remains the Kremlin’s main cash cow for funding the war. One option is to reconsider implementing a more stringent price cap, which Poland earlier proposed at $30 per barrel. Shining a light on widespread disdain for Moscow’s policies and interethnic tensions within Russia—particularly involving migrant workers and non-Russian ethnic groups—could be exploited to put more pressure on the Kremlin. The Kremlin’s focus on channeling more spending to the military-industrial complex has created an illusion of rapid economic growth. In reality, this spending has exacerbated economic problems that could lead Russia toward wider economic failures. Facilitating Ukraine’s pressure on Russian forces at the front and in Kursk as well as implementing expanded and more targeted sanctions are crucial to intensifying economic pressure in decimating Moscow’s ability to wage war.