Заметки о MTn

- TRANSACTIONS OF THE STATE HERMITAGE MUSEUM LV ST. PETERSBURG EGYPTOLOGICAL READINGS 2009–2010 In Commemoration of Svetlana Ismailovna Hodjash In Commemoration of Alexander Serafimovich Chetverukhin PAPERS OF THE CONFERENCE St. Petersburg The State Hermitage Publishers 2011 LV ǜǒǟǒǝǎǠǝǐǞǗǕǒ ǒǐǕǜǟǛǘǛǐǕǤǒǞǗǕǒ ǤǟǒǚǕǬ 2009–2010 И 2011 . . M*N , , , - , , - , . . , , , , , - , , . - , , – , . - , , . , , , , . , , – Jj-m-Htp, . , - , 1 . , 2 , , , , ; - , . , - , , . MTn, , , . , MTn , , , , , , – , 22 , M*N ?– . 2009 . , - . * * * , MTn , , - , , . , MTn « » ( « ), » - , . 3 . . , . - , . , MTn 4 , 5 , . MTn , 6 , , HqA H(w).t-nTr n.t %nfr-w( j) &p-xpS (?) – « » 7. MTn , : / / - – , , . MTn : – , 8 – , , Mtn, , III . MTn : , , , ; . – 9 , , , MTn , MTn , – - , , – , , , , . MTn Ra(w)-Htp(.w), Nfr-mAa.t 10 . , , MTn , , , , MTn , Axt( j)-aA , ax.t( j)-Htp , FS 3078 , @tpj . 13 14 15 16 23 , , , Jj-nfr 11, NTr-apr.f 12, MTn . . , - – 17 , , . – , , , (MTn) MTn , . . , - , , . MTn, Jnp(w)-m-anx 18, 19 , , Nbs-n( j).t 20, 4 6 6 , , . MTn , , 22 , 21 200 , , . , , , 23 60 , , , . * * * , « » , ; – , , MTn, , . , , - MTn , , - , , , , . , , - 24 MTn . – , , , , , , ; , . , , , , ( , , 24 - ) - M*N , , Ax.t( j)-aA 25, Ax.t( j)-Ht p(.w)26, PH(.j)-r-nfr 27, @t pj 28. , ( ); MTn , . 29 30 , IV . - , 31 , . , . MTn , – . - , , ( , - ); 32 . MTn, . MTn MTn, , PH(.j)-r-nfr. , 33 . , ; , , , @ tpj – . , - , , MTn. , , , , – , . , , – MTn , Ax.t( j)-aA Ax.t( j)-Htp(.w). , , – , ( ( ) ), , , . , , - , . , , , - , ( )? , , 25 - . . ( , ?), 34 - . * * * MTn self made man. – , , , , , . , , , )35, ( . MTn – . IV , . - , , , , (pr.t-xrw) , , . MTn 26 MTn - M*N , , , , - , , . , MTn #w.t-jH.(w)t , 3 , . , MTn , , , 36 , . MTn, ( , - :« - ), 37 . , grg.t MTn Jj-mr(.w).s grg.t MTn JAt-sbk. , . . 38 , MTn»39, wt . . . Nfr.t, grg.wt . 40 , -njw. , , . , , MTn , . , , 50 , MTn , – , . , , , - MTn , , . - - MTn. , , . 41 , 42 , . , , MTn - , ; , . , 43 27 , . . , , , - . _______________ 1 JE 49889. Firth C. M. Preliminary Report on the Excavations at Saqqara (1925–1926) // ASAE. 1926. T. 26. Pl. 1 ; Firth C. M., Quibell J. E. The Step Pyramid. Le Caire, 1935. Vol. 2. Pl. 58 ; Smith W. S. A History of Egyptian Sculpture and Painting in the Old Kingdom. 2nd ed. London, 1949. Pl. 31-c. , PM III2, p. 407, , : The Treasures of the Pyramids / ed. by Z. Hawass. Vercelli, 2003. P. 89. 2 . , Jj-mHtp , (Gunn B. Inscriptons from the Step Pyramid Site I. An Inscribed Statue of King Zoser // ASAE. 1926. T. 26. P. 193), , , 3 , Reisner G. A. The Development of the Egyptian Tomb down to the Accession of Cheops. Cambridge (MA), 1936. P. 205 (10). (Stadelmann R. Der Strenge Stil der frühen Vierten Dynastie // Kunst des Alten Reiches. Symposium im Deutschen Archäologischen Institut Kairo am 29. und 30. Oktober 1991. Mainz, 1995. S. 156 ( III ); Kaiser W. Ägyptisches Museum Berlin. [Berlin], 1967. S. 23, 24. Kat. 222 ( III – IV ). 4 Fischer H. G. Dendera in the Old Kingdom and its Aftermath : Ph. D. Diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1955. P. 22, 23 ; Idem. Dendera in the Third Millennium B. C. down to the Theban Domination of Upper Egypt. Locust Valley (NY), 1968. P. 8. 5 Fischer H. G. Op. cit. P. 24 ; Ibid. P. 9. 6 LD II. Bl. 5. 7 .: Jones D. An Index of Ancient Egyptian Titles, Epithets and Phrases of the Old Kingdom. Oxford, 2000. Vol. 2. P. 680:2489. 8 .: Goedicke H. Die Laufbahn des MTn // MDAIK. 1966. Bd. 21. S. 2, 3 ; Gödecken K. B. Eine Betrachtung der Inschriften des Meten im Rahmen der sozialen und rechtlichen Stellung von Privatleuten im ägyptischen Alten Reich. Wiesbaden, 1976. S. 365 ; Idem. Metjen // LÄ IV. S. 118. 9 MTn , , , .: Baines J. Forerunners of Narrative Biographies // Studies on Ancient Egypt in Honour of H. S. Smith. London, 1999. P. 32, 33 ; Baud M. The Birth of Biography in Ancient Egypt. Text Format and Content in the IVth Dynasty // Texte und Denkmäler des ägyptischen Alten Reiches. Berlin, 2005. S. 98–104. 10 Bolshakov A. O. Some Observations on the Early Chronology of Meidum // GM. H. 123. 1991. S. 11–20. Jj-m-Htp - . Smith W. S. Op. cit. P. 15 (“transiton period at the beginning of Dynasty IV”) ; Priese K.-H. // Das Ägyptische Museum Berlin. Mainz, 1991. S. 24. Kat. 14 ( ) ; Breasted J. H. Ancient Records of Egypt. Chicago, 1906. Vol. 1. P. 76 ( ) ; Vandier J. Manuel d’archéologie égyptienne. Paris, 1958. T. 3 : La statuaire. P. 41 ( ) ; Cherpion N. Mastabas et hypogées d’Ancien Empire. Le problème de la datation. Bruxelles, 1989. P. 224 ( ); [Fay B.] Ägyptisches Museum Berlin. 3. Aufl. Berlin, 1985 ( ) ; Baud M. Famille royale et povoir sous l’Ancien Empire égyptien Le Caire, 1999. T. 2. P. 473:92 ( ) ; Ziegler Ch. // L’art égyptien au temps des pyramides. Paris, 1999. P. 174, 176. Cat. 25, 26 ( ); Harpur Y. Decoration in Egyptian Tombs of the Old Kingdom. Studies in Orientation and Scene Content. London ; New York, 1987. P. 274:425 ( – ) ; Jacquet-Gordon H. K. Les noms des domaines funéraires sous l’Ancien Empire égyptien. Le Caire, 1962. P. 322 ( – ) ; 28 M*N 11 , DAS 32-4, CG 57120–57121 = = JE 38563–38564. PM III2. P. 894. Alexanian N. Dahschur II. Das Grab des Prinzen Netjer-aperef. Die Mastaba II/1 in Dahschur. Mainz, 1999. Taf. 14–18. 12 , « » II/1, JE 89290. PM III2. P. 879–880. Alexanian N. Op. cit. 13 , . PM III2. P. 500. Ziegler Ch. Musee du Louvre, Departement des antiquites egyptiennes : catalogue des steles, peintures et reliefs egyptiens de l’Ancien Empire et de la Premiere Periode Intermediaire. Paris, 1990. P. 96–103. 14 A 1 = S 3076 (?). PM III2. P. 453. 15 Smith W. S. Op. cit. Pl. 34-c. 16 , . Bárta M. A Third Dynasty Tomb of Hetepi at Abusir South // The World of Ancient Egypt. Essays in Honor of Ahmed Abd el-Qader el-Sawi / ed. by Kh. Daoud, S. Abd el-Fatah. Le Caire, 2006. P. 35–45 ; Bárta M., Vachala B. The Tomb of Hetepi at Abu Sir South // EA. 2001. Autumn. Vol. 19. P. 33–35. ( – MTn, LD II. Bl. 6), (JE 40649 – PM III2. P. 28; DuQuesne T. Op. cit. P. 96) , , (Kees H. Der Gau von Kynopolis und seine Gottheit // MIO. 1958. Bd. 6. S. 157–175; Helck W. Die altägyptische Gaue. Wiesbaden, 1974. S. 112–116; DuQuesne T. Op. cit. P. 88, 89). , Jnpw.t (DuQuesne T. Op. cit. P. 89, 273, 274), , ( (Ibid. P. 274:3–7) , ). , ё MTn . 20 LD II. Bl. 3. 21 LD II. Bl. 6. 22 LD II. Bl. 7. 23 Gödecken K. B. Op. cit. S. 363. 24 17 , N( j)-swtH ( ) , N( j)-mAa.t-Hp . 18 LD II. Bl. 5. 19 Gödecken K. B. Op. cit. S. 58, 59 ; Idem // LÄ IV. S. 119. Jnp(w.t)m-anx, , Jnpw.t, 17, . ё(Gödecken K. B. Op. cit. S. 59). , . MTn , - , . - , . 25 26 27 . . . 13. . 14. , . PM III2. P. 502. 28 . . 16. 29 Helck W. Wirtschaftsgeschichte des Alten Ägypten im 3. und 2. Jahrtausend von Chr. Leiden ; Köln, 1975. S. 41. 30 Jacquet-Gordon H. K. Op. cit. P. 108. 31 Helck W. Op. cit. S. 200. 32 Seidlmayer S. J. Town and State in the Early Old Kingdom. A View from Elephantine // Aspects of Early Egypt. London, 1996. P. 124, 125. 33 , , Jnpw . ( .: DuQuesne T. The Jackal Divinities of Egypt I. From the Archaic Period to Dynasty X. London, 2005. P. 531–536), Jnpw.t ( .: Vandier J. L’Anubis femelle et le nome cynopolite // Mélanges offerts à Kazimierz MichaХowski. Warszawa, 1966. P. 195–204; LÄGG I, p. 398 ). , 29 . , . . 34 Graefe E. Die gute Reputation des Königs ‘Snofru’ // Studies in Egyptology Presented to Miriam Lichtheim. Jerusalem, 1990. Vol. 1. P. 257–263. 35 LD II. Bl. 5 ; Shoukry A. Die Privatgrabstatue im Alten Reich. Le Caire, 1951. Abb. 86 ; Freier E., Grunert S. Eine Reise durch Ägypten. Nach den Zeichnungen der Lepsius-Expedition in den Jahren 1842–1845. Berlin, 1984. Abb. 37; Lapp G. Die Opferformel des Alten Reiches, unter Berücksichtigung einiger späterer Formen. Mainz, 1986. Abb. 16. 36 , : Nfr-mAa.t ( M 16, Jacquet-Gordon H. K. Op. cit. P. 442–446), Ra(w)-Htp(.w) Nfr.t ( M 6, Ibid. P. 447– 453), Jj-nfr ( , DAS 32-4, Ibid. . 430– 433), NTr-apr.f ( II/1, Ibid. . 434, 435), Ax.t( j)-Htp(.w) ( A 1 = S 3076 (?), Ibid. . 324–327), PH(.j)-r-nfr ( , Ibid. . 328– 330). 37 LD II. Bl. 7. 38 . . ( ) // : . , . . . . ., 1967. . 118, 132, . 77. 39 . . . ., 1988. . 134. 40 Petrie W. M. F. Medum. London, 1892. Pl. 15. 41 Bolshakov A. O. Man and his Double in Egyptian Ideology of the Old Kingdom. Wiesbaden, 1997. P. 269, 270 ; . . . . ., 2001. . 209. 42 , , .: Bolshakov A. O. Op. cit. . 267–275 ; . . . . . 205–216. 43 . . 36. SUMMARIES IN COMMEMORATION OF SVETLANA ISMAILOVNA HODJASH 10.XI.1923 – 12.VIII.2008 THIS IS SVETA THIS IS SVETA. SVETLANA ADRIANA GULEF SAMUEL ISMAILOVNA HODJASH (Staff of the Department of Ancient Orient of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts) – GENIUS LOCI (Vera A. Golovina), 1 HJ OF ACTIVITY (Andrey O. Bolshakov), CHEERFUL AS AN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN (Olga V. Tomashevich) Recollections of Svetlana Hodjash presented by her colleagues and friends. IN COMMEMORATION OF ALEXANDER SERAPHIMOVICH CHETVERUKHIN 12.IX.1946 – 10.XI.2009 REFLECTIONS OVER AN OLD PHOTOGRAPH Andrey O. Bolshakov Some recollections of Alexander Chetverukhin, brilliant linguist and Egyptologist, and thoughts of his tragic fate. Andrey O. Bolshakov NOTES ON M*N Thanks to his biographical inscription, MTn is the first Egyptian whose individuality is not hidden from us and some of whose psychological characteristics can be traced. MTn who lived under Snefru and died either in his last years or in the very beginning of the reign of Khufu was a modest provincial administrator in the Delta, but thanks to his virtues he was favoured by the king and managed to become a rich landowner. His pride of a self made man may be a reason of composing his biographic inscription with royal decrees in his favor incorporated into it. On the other hand, it seems that Snefru highly rated the services of the administrators of the Delta that was a quickly developing region in his time, the tomb of MTn being the most evident sign of his 308 SUMMARIES appreciation. We know MTn’s contemporary PH(.j)-r-nfr who also served in the Delta and had a decorated tomb in the capital region, which makes it possible to regard local administrators of the Delta as an important social phenomenon of the reign of Snefru and to suppose that the traditional good reputation of Snefru was (at least partly) based on his respect for worthy people of lower position. The offering formula of MTn is another phenomenon of interest. On the one hand, it was a sign of king’s gratitude, but, on the other hand, MTn included a record of pr.t-xrw offerings delivered from his estates into it. Since his domain was in the Delta, this delivery was a fiction created by him to show his importance and prosperity – another gesture of a self made man. Andrey O. Bolshakov COULD TUTANKHAMUN BE A SON OF AKHENATEN? One of the results of the recent DNA study of the royal mummies is the ascertainment of a direct descent of Tutankhamun from the man buried in KV 55, who is sensationally identified as Akhenaten on this ground. The author demonstrates that since the whole royal family of Amarna was engaged in the cult of Aten, which caused the permanent presence of princesses in cultic contexts, a son of the king, in the event that he had one, would become an indispensable personage of murals made after the tenth year of Akhenaten. The invisibility of Tutankhaten as a prince is a very serious argument against his identification as a son of Akhenaten, and, in its turn, against the identification of the man from KV 55 as Akhenaten. Vladimir A. Bolshakov SCULPTURAL PORTRAIT OF AN ANONYMOUS QUEEN IN THE COLLECTION OF THE STRASBOURG INSTITUTE OF EGYPTOLOGY The article is devoted to attribution of the sculptural portrait of an anonymous queen in the collection of the Institute of Egyptology in Strasbourg. The study undertaken enables us to date it to the second half of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Being a part of a sculptural group, this head most likely represents either one of the royal women of Amenhotep III, or Queen Tiye, or one of the daughter-wives of the Pharaoh. Darya V. Vanyukova THE ¤a!-COLLAR OF THE HIGH PRIESTS OF MEMPHIS: THE MEANING OF AN IMAGE The author discusses the problem of a jackal-necklace – a peculiar detail of costume of the memphite High Priests. When acting as a sem-priest during the funeral ritual, the High Priest is considered to be a mediator who leads the soul of the dead to the netherworld, and the saHnecklace is a visual form of his magic helper and a map of the netherworld. 309